Educational Technology
This interdisciplinary field encompasses computer-based instructional systems, multimedia learning, distance education, and the integration of technology into teaching and learning.
Researchers in educational technology investigate how digital tools and media can enhance educational experiences, foster student engagement, and promote effective pedagogical strategies.
The goal is to leverage emerging technologies to optimize learning outcomes, support personalized instruction, and enhance educational equity and accessibility.
Most cited protocols related to «Educational Technology»
Aside from the quantitative data collected during the seminar, the authors used different approaches to collect qualitative data. For example, qualitative data were obtained from sticky note exercises, Zoom chat content, and recordings collected during the seminar (da Costa et al., 2017 ). In addition, voice notes, paper designs, and prototypes were collected asynchronously during the group co-design activities (Spencer et al., 2019 ) (Fig.
Portion of the sticky notes from a data gathering exercise
study. The main inclusion criterion was a radiographic diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis
classified as 2nd and 3rd grade according to the Kellgren-Lawrence disease severity scale.
Exclusion criteria comprised of any operation to the affected knee and severity outside the
above radiographic limit. In case of any other joint involvement in OA surgical treatment
(i.e. hip), either ipsilateral or contralateral, it should be ≤3 grade Kellgren-Lawrence
scale or it should have been operated at least 1 year before participation in this study.
Our inclusion-exclusion criteria were selected on the basis of targeting a group of
patients, in a crucial stage that the disease is evident, but it does not compromise
functionality to the degree of a severe impairment. Participation of patients with these
characteristics in a functional program, could be beneficial and feasible, potentially
minimizing complications and drop-outs and maximizing functional adaptations of a specific
exercise program. All volunteers who participated in the study were initially briefed on the
experimental procedure and signed a consent form. The experimental design of this study was
approved by the Ethics Committee of the Technological Educational Institute of Western
Greece (School of Health Sciences 4053/13-03-2017). Prior to testing, patients signed the
consent form and completed a medical history report. Subsequently, the functional testing
was performed in the following order: the 6MWT, the TUG, the 30SCT and the 12ST. There was a
10-minute rest between 6MWT and the next functional test (TUG), to ensure adequate recovery.
The rest of the tests were separated by 3-minute intervals. The 6MWT measures the total
distances walked in meters over 6 minutes6 (link)). It was performed on a 4-meter wide corridor, where patients walked
between 2 cones, 30 meters apart. The TUG measures the time needed to rise from an arm chair
with standard seat height (46 cm), walk 3 meters, turn, and return to the initial sitting
position7 (link)). The 30SCT counts the total
number of complete chair stands for 30 seconds8 (link)). The 12 Stair test (12ST) measures the time to ascend and descend a
flight of 12 stairs (18 cm step height). For the TUG, 30SCT and 12ST tests, the best of two
trials was kept for analysis, while the 6MWT was performed only once. Finally,
isokinetic-concentric strength testing took place for knee extensors and flexors (5
repetitions each), at the angular velocities of 120°/sec and 180°/sec on a Biodex System III
(Biodex, Shirley, NY, USA). We chose not to use an even lower velocity (i.e. the commonly
used 60°/s) since it has been shown that slower isokinetic angular velocities mechanically
overload the knee9 (link), 10 ), irritating the joint and exacerbating symptoms. Faster speeds,
unload the joint and according to Bernoulli’s theorem11 ) the faster the speed of moving solid (cartilage in our case) into
liquid (synovial fluid), the lesser the friction. The resulting pain from such a test, would
potentially exacerbate symptoms and subsequently prevent participants from completing the
test and maybe force them out of the study. The Peak Torque adjusted for body weight
(Nm/kg), was the variable used for the analysis.
The association between variables was calculated using Pearson-r correlation coefficients
and the predictability of the functional variables for strength was tested using stepwise
regression analysis. The SPSS (Version 24.0, IBM Corporation, NY, USA) was used for analysis
and the level of significance was set to p=0.05. Pearson-r categorization was made according
to Cohen12 ) (r=0.10 small, r=0.30 medium
and r=0.50 large).
NPPV applied via an oronasal mask (Ultra Mirage Medium; ResMed) that is firmly attached to a high-fidelity HPS. The six small exhaust holes are located on the nasal bridge of the mask. The simulator represented a 70-kg adult man sitting on a hospital bed inclined 45° and was programmed to breathe spontaneously. Lung compliance was set at 35 mL/cm H2O, and the oxygen uptake to 350 mL/min. Tidal volume and respiratory rate were regulated so that a respiratory exchange ratio of 0.8 was maintained during measurements. Typically, this was achieved with a tidal volume of 500 mL at a rate of 14 breaths/min. These conditions represent a patient with mild lung injury.
Most recents protocols related to «Educational Technology»
After the pilot hospitals were identified, the project leaders contacted the management of each hospital through the communication platform of the Chinese Nursing Association. Each administration promoted and invited oncology nurses who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate. Each recruited subject was sent a link to a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic information, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the provision of sexual healthcare, communication skills, professional values, and self-efficacy. It took 15-30 minutes to complete the questionnaire. In the end, 2530 nurses participated and completed the questionnaire (response rate of 90.4%).
Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) registered nurses working in a certified oncology department or other department that receives and treats more than 50% of cancer patients throughout the year, (2) more than 6 months of experience caring for cancer patients, and (c) speaking Chinese. Exclusion criteria were as follows: nurses who (1) worked uninterruptedly during the survey period, (2) experienced a major stressful event, or (3) had a serious physical or mental illness.
The study was initiated after approval by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, and written and verbal informed consent was obtained from each participant. The information and answers of each potential participant were evaluated under conditions of complete anonymity and strict confidentiality.
Further details on our data and methods, including summaries of participant information (
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Section A contained questions on demographic information and this included age, gender, faculty, number of courses and respondents’ household structure.
Section B had questions on Attitude, Satisfaction and Motivation. Attitude of respondents towards ERT was based on their preference for online teaching, while data on Satisfaction were based on students’ overall satisfaction with their courses during the ERT. Both constructs were measured based on a 3-point scale (ranging from 1 = Disagree, 2 = Neither agree or disagree and 3 = Agree). On a 4-point response scale (1 = not motivating, 2 = slightly motivating, 3 = motivating, 4 = very motivating), students also rated how the following factors motivated them for learning after the ERT commenced: interaction with lecturers, talking to classmates, school activities, hanging out (studying, talking, eating, etc.), interest in class topics, complete schoolwork and finishing degree/programme. The internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha) for Motivation was 0.861.
Section C elicited data on Perceived Behavioural Control (Accessibility, Self-efficacy and Ease of use). Questions on Accessibility collected data on extent of respondents’ access to reliable digital device and internet service, Communication platforms (such as Google Classroom, Microsoft Teams, Zoom, etc.) and technical support. These items were each rated on a four-point scale (4 = always, 3 = most of the time, 2 = sometimes, 1 = never). The internal consistency for Accessibility was 0.801.
Data on Ease of use were collected based on respondents’ use of the educational technology during ERT. On a 5-point response scale (5 = very frequently, 4 = frequently (once per week), 3 = occasionally (1 to 2 times per month), 2 = rarely and 1 = Never), participants rated their use of the following: communication tools (Zoom, Teams, Google); online educational platforms (Canvas, Classroom, Blackboard, etc.); social media (LinkedIn, Instagram, TikTok, Facebook, Twitter, etc.); synchronous class sessions (live) and asynchronous videos (sent by lecturers). Good internal consistency was observed in the (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.79) items.
Self-efficacy questions collected data on the respondents’ assessment of how their skills have changed since the commencement of ERT. Students assessed this change on a 5-point response scale (5 = much better, 4 = somewhat better, 3 = about the same, 2 = somewhat worse and 1 = much worse) based on six scholastic abilities which included ‘complete assignments on time’, ‘new learning tools’, ‘successful in classes’, ‘discussion of topics with classmates and lecturers’, ‘manage group projects’, ‘Time management skills’. The internal consistency for Self-efficacy was 0.880.
Section D elicited data on Cognitive engagement, and respondents were asked to compare their school performance now with how they were before ERT using a 5-point response scale (5 = much better, 4 = somewhat better, 3 = about the same, 2 = somewhat worse and 1 = much worse). Cognitive engagement was measured using five items namely ‘knowledge/learning, concentration, class attendance, level of engagement, interest and enthusiasm. The internal consistency for Cognitive engagement was 0.913.
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More about "Educational Technology"
This dynamic area encompasses computer-based instructional systems, multimedia learning platforms, distance education solutions, and the seamless integration of technology into teaching and learning processes.
Researchers in educational technology investigate how emerging digital tools and media can elevate educational experiences, foster greater student engagement, and promote effective pedagogical strategies.
The goal is to leverage innovative technologies, such as the UV-2450 spectrophotometer, ASAP 2020 analyzer, and SpectraMax Plus 384 microplate reader, to optimize learning outcomes, support personalized instruction, and enhance educational equity and accessibility.
Key subtopics within educational technology include the use of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP) dyes, DMSO and Ethanol solvents, and Milli-Q Plus water purification systems to develop cutting-edge digital learning materials.
Researchers also leverage SPSS software 19.0 for data analysis and Nextera indices for DNA library preparation to inform the design and evaluation of technology-enhanced educational experiences.
By harnessing the power of AI-driven analysis, as demonstrated by PubCompare.ai, educational technology professionals can identify the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and pinpoint the optimal products, such as Ammonium acetate, to support their research and development efforts.
This interdisciplinary field continues to evolve, promising to revolutionize the way we teach, learn, and acquire knowledge in the 21st century.