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Ethical Review

Ethical Review is the process of evaluating research proposals, protocols, and studies to ensure they adhere to ethical principles and guidelines.
This includes assessing the potential risks and benefits to research participants, protecting their rights and wellbeing, and promoting the integrity and reproducibility of scientific findings.
Ethical Review is a critical step in the research lifecycle, helping to safeguard the ethical conduct of investigations and optimize research outcomes for the betterment of science and society.
PubCompare.ai's cutting-edge tools streamline this process, enabling researchers to efficiently locate and compare the best published protocols while ensuring the highest standards of ethical review are met.

Most cited protocols related to «Ethical Review»

Details of the Chronic Kidney Disease Prognosis Consortium (CKD-PC) were described previously.3 (link)-6 (link) To be included in the consortium, a study had to have at least 1,000 participants (not applied to studies only enrolling CKD patients [CKD cohorts]6 (link)), information at baseline on eGFR and urine albumin levels, and a minimum of 50 events for any of the outcomes of interest. As recommended,1 (link),2 (link) we preferentially selected urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) as the measure of albuminuria. However, we also accepted urine albumin excretion and urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (PCR) as well as a qualitative measurement using dipstick.1 (link) This analysis consists of data from 45 cohorts (25 general population cohorts, seven high-risk cohorts with participants selected for cardiovascular or kidney disease risk factors, and 13 CKD cohorts). Data transfer (from collaborating cohorts to the CKD-PC Data Coordinating Center) and analyses for the present study were conducted between March 2011 and March 2012. This study is based on secondary data analysis of pre-existing, de-identified/de-linked dataset, and was approved by the Institutional Review Board at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Information about ethical review of individual studies is available in the publications of the constituent cohorts.21 (link),24 (link),27 (link)-69 (link)
Publication 2012
Albumins Cardiovascular System Creatinine EGFR protein, human Ethical Review Ethics Committees, Research Kidney Diseases Patients Prognosis Proteins Urine
The study was ethically approved in Sweden by The Regional Ethical Review Board, Uppsala (Dnr 2009/060) and by National Health Service Ethics committee in England. Information (oral and written) about the study was presented to the staff before commencing the study at specific staff meetings. If staff agreed to participate a consent form was provided by the first author of the main study and their written consent obtained. Mothers and fathers were given oral and written information about the study 1 day or more after the infant was admitted to the NICU. In those cases when the infant was critically ill, information was given when s/he had stabilised. All parents, except two mothers, gave written consent that they were willing to participate.
The data was gathered through participant observation [14 ] and supplemented by interviews. The researcher (first author) took field notes during the observations and the interviews were tape-recorded, when relevant. Out of the 600 h of field work, 300 h were direct observations and interviews. The interviews lasted approximately 45 min but ranged from 10 to 120 min. They were made during day and night shifts for 11 months in total. Some of the mothers were followed during the whole stay and interviewed several times.
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Publication 2017
Critical Illness Ethical Review Ethics Committees Fathers Health Services, National Infant Mothers Parent
The Rasch model is the formal measurement model required to construct quantitative measurement from dichotomous or ordinal data [11 ,14 (link),15 (link)]. It is used whenever a set of items are intended to be summed together to give a total score. The pattern of responses from such data is checked against the model expectations, which is a parametric probabilistic form of Guttman Scaling [16 ].
Thus the process of Rasch analysis is concerned with testing to see if the data accord to model expectations, satisfy the various assumptions of the model, and other key measurement issues such as the absence of differential item functioning [17 (link)]. For example, the assumption of local independence can be characterised as comprising two elements, response dependency and trait dependency [18 (link)]. The former is where items are linked in some way, such as a series of walking items reflecting increasing distances. The latter is multidimensionality. Both these are tested by analysis of the residuals where the former is judged to be absent when residual correlations are below 0.3, and the latter to be unidimensional where patterns of items in the residuals (as identified by a Principal Component Analysis - PCA) are shown to give similar person estimates [19 (link)]. Response dependency can be accommodated by grouping locally dependent sets of items into 'testlets' [20 (link)]. Where testlets of different lengths are constructed the item residual standard deviation may be inflated.
Another assumption is that of the stochastic ordering of items, testing the probabilistic Guttman pattern. This is confirmed by a series of fit statistics, where Chi-Square based statistics are shown to be non-significant (i.e. no deviation from model expectation) after adjustment for multiple testing [21 (link)]. Summary residual statistics, under conditions of perfect fit, are expected to have a mean of zero and standard deviation of one, whereas in practice the latter should be below 1.4, except where testlets have been used to accommodate local dependency issues, when the standard deviation becomes inflated [22 ]. Individual item residuals are expected to be within the range ± 2.5. Differential Item Functioning (DIF) is deemed absent when there is no significant difference in the residuals (via ANOVA) across key contextual groups, such as age or gender. For analysis of DIF three age groups were used: persons under and up to 38 years (N = 116), 39 to 46 years (N = 99) and persons 46 years or older (N = 104). These groups were based upon distribution to obtain similar numbers within groups to support an ANOVA analysis of the residuals.
Reliability is reported as a Person Separation Index, similar to Cronbach's alpha when data are normally distributed. As both items and persons are calibrated on the same metric, where data fit the Rasch model it is possible to examine the targeting of the items in the scale. A properly targeted instrument would have a mean population value of zero logits, which is also where the items of the scale are centred. Also, when data fit the model, a raw score-interval scale transformation becomes available. This means that the ordinal score, achieved by simply summing the items together, can be transformed into an interval scale latent estimate for use in parametric statistics, and for calculating change scores. This is available because under the Rasch model the raw score is a sufficient statistic for the estimate of the person ability, and the property of specific objectivity (parameter separation) fulfils the requirements to satisfy the axioms of conjoint measurement to provide interval scaling [23 (link)-26 (link)]. In summary the process of Rasch analysis tests the viability of sets of items to be used as valid and reliable additive scale, including aspects of invariance across groups, and compliance with the requirements for constructing interval scale measurement. Further details of the process are given elsewhere [27 (link)-29 (link)].
The sample size of 638 is sufficient for both a factor analysis of 22 items, and to give a high degree of precision (i.e. item location estimates within 0.3 logit with 99% confidence) for the Rasch analysis [30 ].
The study was approved by The Regional Ethical Review Board in Gothenburg and conduced in compliance with the Helsinki declaration. All subjects included in the study signed a written informed consent allowing their data to be used for research purposes.
The Rasch software used was RUMM2030 [31 ]. CFA and EFA in MPlus6 [32 ] and all other analysis in SPSS Version 18 [33 ].
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Publication 2012
Age Groups Ethical Review Gender neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human

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Publication 2015
Adult Ethical Review Formalin Glioma Neoplasms Neuropathologist Operative Surgical Procedures Paraffin Embedding Patients
The WASH Benefits Bangladesh study was a cluster-randomised trial conducted in rural villages in Gazipur, Kishoreganj, Mymensingh, and Tangail districts of Bangladesh (appendix p 2). We grouped pregnant women who lived near enough to each other into a cluster to allow delivery of interventions by a single community promoter. We hypothesised that the interventions would improve the health of the index child in each household. Each measurement round lasted about 1 year and was balanced across treatment arms and geography to minimise seasonal or geographical confounding when comparing outcomes across groups. We chose areas with low groundwater iron and arsenic (because these affect chlorine demand) and where no major water, sanitation, or nutrition programmes were ongoing or planned by the government or large non-government organisations. The study design and rationale have been published previously.10
The latrine component of the sanitation intervention was a compound level intervention. The drinking water and handwashing interventions were household level interventions. The nutrition intervention was a child-specific intervention. We assessed the diarrhoea outcome among all children in the compound who were younger than 3 years at enrolment, which could underestimate the effect of interventions targeted only to index households (drinking water, and handwashing) or index children (nutrition). After the study results were unmasked, we analysed diarrhoea prevalence restricted to index children (ie, children directly targeted by each intervention).
The study protocol was approved by the Ethical Review Committee at The International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (PR-11063), the Committee for the Protection of Human Subjects at the University of California, Berkeley (2011-09-3652), and the institutional review board at Stanford University (25863).
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Publication 2018
Arm, Upper Arsenic Child Children's Health Chlorine Diarrhea Dietary Modification Ethical Review Ethics Committees, Research Homo sapiens Households Iron Obstetric Delivery Pregnant Women Youth

Most recents protocols related to «Ethical Review»

Ethics approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Board (ERB) of the Nepal Health Research Council (ERB protocol registration #761/2020 P and ClinicalTrials.gov No: NCT04837534). Written consent was taken from the children in an assent form (if aged 9 years or older) and from their parents or guardians in a consent form before enrolling them in the study. All the information collected was secured and stored safely by the chief investigators. The data were completely anonymized for the purpose of privacy and confidentiality. The participants were not compensated for participating in the study.
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Publication 2023
Child Ethical Review Legal Guardians Parent
Retrospective study was performed by using the National Cancer Institute’s SEER database which covers approximately 28% of the United States population. Because the SEER database began collecting the HER-2 status and distant metastatic sites from 2010, our study employed the data of SEER database from 2010 to 2018. SEER*Stat version 8.3.8 (http://seer.cancer.gov/seerstat) was used to identify the eligible patients based on the following inclusion criteria: breast cancer, definite distant metastasis, HER-2-negative status, years of diagnosis from 2010 to 2018, one primary cancer only, available HoR status and other clinicopathological information (Figure 1, flowchart). Finally, 10877 patients were enrolled in our study and their information including sex, age, race, marital status, histology type, grade, tumor and lymph node stage, ER and PR status, metastatic sites, therapeutic methods and survival months were collected and analyzed. Because the personally identifiable information about patients could not be obtained from the SEER database, our study was approved to be exempt from ethical review by ethics Committee of our institution.
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Publication 2023
Diagnosis erbb2 Gene Ethical Review Institutional Ethics Committees Malignant Neoplasm of Breast Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Nodes, Lymph Patients Therapeutics
This study enrolled patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer between 2010 and 2019 [the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology (ICD-O-3) site recode: “Breast” and morphology code: “8500/3” with negative receptor status for estrogen receptor (ER) status, progesterone receptor (PR) status, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her 2)] (https://seer.cancer.gov/). Before using this database, we signed the SEER Research Data Use Agreement and the Best Practices Assurance and accessed the data via login 11578-Nov2021. So, the institutional ethics committee exempted the study from ethical review.
The 53,253 patients recruited were selected on the basis of the following exclusion criteria (1): Distant metastasis or metastatic status unknown; (2) Unconfirmed by positive histopathology; (3) Not the first primary malignancy; (4) Age <18 years old; (5) required variables were unknown; (6) The follow-up time was 0 months. The AJCC 7th and 8th editions of breast cancer used in this study were consistent and could therefore be combined. The final selected patients were divided into training and validation groups according to the ratio of 7:3. Age at diagnosis, marital status, race, tumor stage, histological grade, and treatment may be related to the prognosis of TNBC and were used in this study.
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Publication 2023
Breast Diagnosis erbb2 Gene Estrogen Receptors Ethical Review Institutional Ethics Committees Malignant Neoplasm of Breast Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Patients Prognosis Receptors, Progesterone Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms
All enrolled patients provided written informed consent prior to the FMT procedure and their clinical data and stool samples were collected. Eligible patients were adults (≥18 years) and required to have documentation of typical histopathology for IBD with colonic involvement and a confirmed diagnosis of at least three or more documented rCDI with typical laboratory findings. The study protocol conformed to the ethical guidelines of the Institutional Ethical Review Committee of the Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (Project No. IR.SBMU.RIGLD.REC.1398.036).
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Publication 2023
Adult Colon Diagnosis Ethical Review Feces Liver Diseases Patients
The data for this study were obtained from 248 valid patient questionnaires collected by the project team members at third-level grade-A hospitals in Guangzhou by random sampling from September to December 2021. Before the implementation of the questionnaire, the investigators explained the study to the hospital's medical staff and patients, and all participants provided written informed consent. Ethical approvals were obtained by the Ethical Review Committee of the China Guangzhou Medical University. The questionnaire data consists of two parts. The first part includes the basic information of the patient, and the second part includes the choice tendency of patients' medical decision-making. The specific questionnaire design is shown in Appendix A.
The predictor variables consisted of a set of demographic and study variables that were selected based on the literature. The demographic variables (19 (link)) include patients' gender, age, education, religion, marital status, and the number of children, family annual income, and the main source of income. Study variables include the condition and severity of any disease (20 (link), 21 (link)), the ratio of family monthly medical expenses to income (within 5 years) (22 (link)), and medical insurance status (23 (link)).
The outcome variable was the patients' medical decision-making choice tendency. According to the principle of optimization, the choice tendency of medical decision-making is set into four aspects, namely, treatment effect, treatment cost, treatment side effect, and treatment experience (8 ). Among them, the choice tendency of each category was sorted by scale (1 = very important, 2 = important, 3 = low importance, 4 = not important at all).
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Publication 2023
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More about "Ethical Review"

Ethical Review, also known as Research Ethics Review or Institutional Review Board (IRB) Approval, is a critical process in the research lifecycle that ensures the ethical conduct of scientific investigations.
This comprehensive evaluation examines research proposals, protocols, and studies to assess the potential risks and benefits to research participants, protect their rights and wellbeing, and promote the integrity and reproducibility of scientific findings.
The Ethical Review process involves carefully scrutinizing research methods, data management practices, and informed consent procedures to uphold the highest standards of ethical principles, such as respect for persons, beneficence, and justice.
This step is particularly important when working with animal models like C57BL/6 mice, C57BL/6J mice, BALB/c mice, Sprague-Dawley rats, and Lister Hooded rats, as well as when utilizing cell culture techniques that may involve the use of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and antimicrobial agents like Penicillin and Streptomycin.
By streamlining the Ethical Review process, researchers can efficiently locate and compare the best published protocols while ensuring compliance with ethical guidelines.
This not only protects the rights and wellbeing of research participants but also enhances the reproducibility and reliability of scientific findings, ultimately leading to more impactful research outcomes that benefit science and society as a whole.
PubCompare.ai's cutting-edge tools leverage advanced artificial intelligence (AI) to simplify and optimize the Ethical Review process, enabling researchers to make well-informed decisions and improve their research protocols.
With PubCompare.ai, you can discover the best protocols from published literature, pre-prints, and patents, while ensuring the highest standards of ethical review are met, leading to enhanced research quality and outcomes.