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Euthanasia

Euthanasia is the act of deliberately ending a person's life to relieve them of suffering.
It can be voluntary, involuntary, or non-voluntary.
Voluntary euthanasia occurs when a person requests to have their life ended, while involuntary euthanasia occurs when a person is killed without their consent.
Non-voluntary euthanasia occurs when a person is unable to give consent, such as in the case of a person in a persistent vegetative state.
Euthanasia is a complex and sensitive topic with important ethical, legal, and medical considerations.
Researchers and clinicians must carefully evaluate the optimal protocols and products for euthanizing animals or humans, balancing the need to relieve suffering with the sanctity of life.

Most cited protocols related to «Euthanasia»

1
Full-Length Transcript Sequencing in Cattle
The Iso-Seq method for sequencing full-length transcripts was developed by PacBio during the same time period as the genome assembly. We therefore used this technique to improve characterization of transcript isoforms expressed in cattle tissues using a diverse set of tissues collected from L1 Dominette 0 1449 upon euthanasia. The data were collected using an early version of the Iso-Seq library protocol [26 ] as suggested by PacBio. Briefly, RNA was extracted from each tissue using Trizol reagent as directed (Thermo Fisher). Then 2 μg of RNA were selected for PolyA tails and converted into complementary DNA (cDNA) using the SMARTer PCR cDNA Synthesis Kit (Clontech). The cDNA was amplified in bulk with 12–14 rounds of PCR in 8 separate reactions, then pooled and size-selected into 1–2, 2–3, and 3–6 kb fractions using the BluePippin instrument (Sage Science). Each size fraction was separately re-amplified in 8 additional reactions of 11 PCR cycles. The products for each size fraction amplification were pooled and purified using AMPure PB beads (Pacific Biosciences) as directed, and converted to SMRTbell libraries using the Template Prep Kit v1.0 (PacBio) as directed. Iso-Seq was conducted for 22 tissues including abomasum, aorta, atrium, cerebral cortex, duodenum, hypothalamus, jejunum, liver, longissimus dorsi muscle, lung, lymph node, mammary gland, medulla oblongata, omasum, reticulum, rumen, subcutaneous fat, temporal cortex, thalamus, uterine myometrium, and ventricle from the reference cow, as well as the testis of her sire. The size fractions were sequenced in either 4 (for the smaller 2 fractions) or 5 (for the largest fraction) SMRTcells on the RS II instrument. Isoforms were identified using the Cupcake ToFU pipeline [27 ] without using a reference genome.
Short-read–based RNA-seq data derived from tissues of Dominette were available in the GenBank database because her tissues have been a freely distributed resource for the research community. To complement and extend these data and to ensure that the tissues used for Iso-Seq were also represented by RNA-seq data for quantitative analysis and confirmation of isoforms observed in Iso-Seq, we generated additional data, avoiding overlap with existing public data. Specifically, the TruSeq stranded mRNA LT kit (Illumina, Inc.) was used as directed to create RNA-seq libraries, which were sequenced to ≥30 million reads for each tissue sample. The Dominette tissues that were sequenced in this study include abomasum, anterior pituitary, aorta, atrium, bone marrow, cerebellum, duodenum, frontal cortex, hypothalamus, KPH fat (internal organ fat taken from the covering on the kidney capsule), lung, lymph node, mammary gland (lactating), medulla oblongata, nasal mucosa, omasum, reticulum, rumen, subcutaneous fat, temporal cortex, thalamus, uterine myometrium, and ventricle. RNA-seq libraries were also sequenced from the testis of her sire. All public datasets, and the newly sequenced RNA-seq and Iso-Seq datasets, were used to annotate the assembly, to improve the representation of low-abundance and tissue-specific transcripts, and to properly annotate potential tissue-specific isoforms of each gene.
Rosen B.D., Bickhart D.M., Schnabel R.D., Koren S., Elsik C.G., Tseng E., Rowan T.N., Low W.Y., Zimin A., Couldrey C., Hall R., Li W., Rhie A., Ghurye J., McKay S.D., Thibaud-Nissen F., Hoffman J., Murdoch B.M., Snelling W.M., McDaneld T.G., Hammond J.A., Schwartz J.C., Nandolo W., Hagen D.E., Dreischer C., Schultheiss S.J., Schroeder S.G., Phillippy A.M., Cole J.B., Van Tassell C.P., Liu G., Smith T.P, & Medrano J.F. (2020). De novo assembly of the cattle reference genome with single-molecule sequencing. GigaScience, 9(3), giaa021.
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Publication 2020
Abomasum Anabolism Aorta Bone Marrow Capsule Cattle cDNA Library Cerebellum Cerebral Ventricles Cortex, Cerebral Dietary Fiber DNA, Complementary Duodenum Euthanasia Genes Genome Heart Atrium Hypothalamus Jejunum Kidney Liver Lobe, Frontal Lung Mammary Gland Medulla Oblongata Muscle Tissue Myometrium Nasal Mucosa Nodes, Lymph Omasum Pituitary Hormones, Anterior Poly(A) Tail Protein Isoforms Reticulum RNA, Messenger RNA-Seq Rumen Subcutaneous Fat Temporal Lobe Testis Thalamus Tissues Tissue Specificity Tofu trizol Uterus
2
Isolation of Mouse Liver Mitochondria
Ethics Statement: Animal housing, euthanasia, and tissue harvest procedures were conducted in accordance with and approved by the UCSD Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (protocol #S09186) and the Buck Institute Animal Care Committee (protocol #10180). Mitochondria from C57bl/6 (male and female) mice aged 4–6 weeks were isolated by two similar differential centrifugation methods, based upon Schnaitman and Greenawalt [14] (link) or Chappell and Hansford [15] . Specifically, the liver was extracted and minced in ∼10 volumes of MSHE+BSA (4°C), and all subsequent steps of the preparation were performed on ice. The material was rinsed several times to remove blood. The tissue was disrupted using a drill-driven Teflon glass homogenizer with 2–3 strokes. Homogenate was centrifuged at 800 g for 10 min at 4°C. Following centrifugation, fat/lipid was carefully aspirated, and the remaining supernatant was decanted through 2 layers of cheesecloth to a separate tube and centrifuged at 8000 g for 10 min at 4°C. After removal of the light mitochondrial layer, the pellet was resuspended in MSHE+BSA, and the centrifugation was repeated. The final pellet was resuspended in a minimal volume of MSHE+BSA. Total protein (mg/ml) was determined using Bradford Assay reagent (Bio-Rad). Typically, ∼7.5 mg of mitochondria (100 µl volume) was obtained from a single mouse liver. In separate studies in which respiratory rates in the Seahorse and the Rank Clark electrode system were compared, mouse liver mitochondria were isolated according to Chappell and Hansford [15] in 250 mM Sucrose, 5 mM Tris and 2 mM EGTA (STE) on ice. Tissue was homogenized 10 times with a Teflon-glass homogenizer, and the homogenate was centrifuged at 1000 g for 3 minutes (4°C). The supernatant was collected and centrifuged at 11,600 g for 10 minutes. The pellet was resuspended in STE after discarding the whitish layer. The above step was repeated two times to get the final mitochondrial pellet. 8–10 mg of mitochondrial protein was obtained from each mouse liver and resuspended in 400–500 µl of STE.
Rogers G.W., Brand M.D., Petrosyan S., Ashok D., Elorza A.A., Ferrick D.A, & Murphy A.N. (2011). High Throughput Microplate Respiratory Measurements Using Minimal Quantities Of Isolated Mitochondria. PLoS ONE, 6(7), e21746.
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Publication 2011
Animal Care Committees Biological Assay BLOOD Centrifugation Cerebrovascular Accident Drill Egtazic Acid Euthanasia Females G-800 Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Light Lipids Liver Males Mice, House Mitochondria Mitochondria, Liver Mitochondrial Proteins Proteins Respiratory Rate Seahorses Sucrose Teflon Tissue Harvesting Tissues Tromethamine
3
Aging Study of Rapamycin in Mice
Specific pathogen free (SPF) mice were produced at each of the 3 test sites by mating CB6F1 females with C3D2F1 males to produce a genetically heterogeneous population15 (link). Weanlings at the 3 sites were fed similar diets (but not identical; see supplementary material for details) until they were started on food containing rapamycin, in Purina 5LG6, at 600 days of age. A second independent study was begun one year later, with rapamycin initiated at 270 days rather than at 600 days of age. The principal endpoint was age at death (for mice found dead at daily inspections) or age at euthanasia (for mice deemed unlikely to survive for more than an additional 48 hrs).
Harrison D.E., Strong R., Sharp Z.D., Nelson J.F., Astle C.M., Flurkey K., Nadon N.L., Wilkinson J.E., Frenkel K., Carter C.S., Pahor M., Javors M.A., Fernandez E, & Miller R.A. (2009). Rapamycin fed late in life extends lifespan in genetically heterogeneous mice. Nature, 460(7253), 392-395.
Publication 2009
Diet Euthanasia Females Food Genetic Heterogeneity Males Mice, House Sirolimus Specific Pathogen Free
4
Single-cell RNA Sequencing of Mouse Gastrulation
Pregnant C57BL/6 mouse females were purchased from Charles River and delivered one day before or on the day of embryo harvest. Mouse embryos were dissected at time-points E6.5, E6.75. E7.0, E7.25, E7.5, E7.75, E8.0, E8.25 and E8.5. As previously reported6 (link), development can proceed at different speeds between embryos, even within the same litter (Fig. 1a; Extended Data Fig. 1). Consequently, we adopted careful staging by morphology (Downs and Davies staging6 (link)) to exclude clear outliers. Following euthanasia of the females using cervical dislocation, the uteri were collected into PBS with 2% heat-inactivated FCS and the embryos were immediately dissected and processed for scRNA-seq. Two samples contained pooled embryos staged across several time-points. Cells from these samples are denoted as “Mixed” in Figures, and “mixed_gastrulation” in Supplementary Information Table 4. Embryos from the same stage were pooled to make individual 10X samples, and single-cell suspensions were prepared by incubating the embryos with TrypLE Express dissociation reagent (Life Technologies) at 37 °C for 7 min and quenching with heat inactivated serum. The resulting single-cell suspension was washed and resuspended in PBS with 0.4% BSA, and filtered through a Flowmi Tip Strainer with 40 µm porosity (ThermoFisher Scientific, #136800040). Cell counts were then assessed with a haemocytometer. scRNA-seq libraries were subsequently generated using the 10X Genomics Chromium system (version 1 chemistry) and samples were sequenced according to the manufacturer’s instructions on an Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. Supplementary Information Table 1 contains detailed information on embryo collection, and Supplementary Information Table 4 contains metadata for each sequenced cell. Sample sizes were chosen to maximise the number of recovered cells from each experiment and to obtain total cell numbers similar to the estimated cell numbers in mouse embryos at their respective stages. The sample sizes were also dependent on the number of viable embryos from each litter. Cells were partitioned to prevent overloading of a single 10X lane.
Pijuan-Sala B., Griffiths J.A., Guibentif C., Hiscock T.W., Jawaid W., Calero-Nieto F.J., Mulas C., Ibarra-Soria X., Tyser R.C., Ho D.L., Reik W., Srinivas S., Simons B.D., Nichols J., Marioni J.C, & Göttgens B. (2019). A single-cell molecular map of mouse gastrulation and early organogenesis. Nature, 566(7745), 490-495.
Publication 2019
2-(beta-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethylaminomethyl)tetralone Cells Chromium Embryo Euthanasia Females Gastrulation Joint Dislocations Lanugo Mice, Inbred C57BL Mus Neck Pregnant Women Rivers Serum Single-Cell RNA-Seq Strains Uterus
5
Conditional Regulation of Vascular Hypoxia
C57BL/6J males were used for experiments at the age of 2-4 weeks (juvenile), 8-12 weeks (adult) and 57-70 weeks (aged). EC-specific gene deletions were generated using Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2 transgenic mice, which were interbred with conditional mutants carrying loxP-flanked Hifa35 (link) (Hif1alox/lox). To induce Cre activity and gene inactivation, pups were injected with 500μg tamoxifen (Sigma, T5648) intraperitoneally everyday from P10 to P14. Femurs and tibiae from Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2T/+Hif1alox/lox (Hif1aiΔEC) mutants and Cre-negative (Hif1alox/lox) controls were collected on P20 or P37 after euthanasia. The same approach was used for experiments involving conditional Vhl mice50 (link). For genetic labelling of metaphyseal vasculature, Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2T/+ mice were mated with R26-mG/mT reporters. At P29, Cdh5(PAC)-CreERT2T/+/R26-mG/mTT/+ mice received a single dose of 50μg tamoxifen and were analysed either 1 or 40 days later.
All animals were genotyped by PCR. Protocols and primer sequences are provided upon request. When indicated, adult wild-type mice were whole-body irradiated with a single dose of 900 rads (Gammacell irradiator) and sacrificed 7 days later.
For DFM treatment, freshly prepared deferoxamine mesylate (Sigma) in water (15 mg/ml per mouse) was injected intraperitoneally every alternate day for 4 weeks or, for μ-CT analysis, 5 weeks. Control animals received the same amount of sterile water.
For labelling of proliferating cells, mice were intraperitoneally injected with 1.6 mg/kg weight of EdU (Invitrogen) 2 hr before euthanasia. Tibiae were immediately collected and processed. Bone marrow cells and bone sections were stained for EDU using Click-iT chemistry following the manufacturer’s instructions (Invitrogen).
Experiments involving animals were performed according to the institutional guidelines and laws, following protocols approved by local animal ethics committees.
Kusumbe A.P., Ramasamy S.K, & Adams R.H. (2014). Coupling of angiogenesis and osteogenesis by a specific vessel subtype in bone. Nature, 507(7492), 323-328.
Publication 2014
Adult Animal Ethics Committees Animals Bone Marrow Cells Bones CDH5 protein, human Cells Euthanasia Femur Gene Deletion Gene Silencing Human Body Males Mesylate, Deferoxamine Mice, Laboratory Mice, Transgenic Oligonucleotide Primers Reproduction RRAD protein, human Sterility, Reproductive Tamoxifen Tibia

Most recents protocols related to «Euthanasia»

1
Evaluating mRNA Vaccines Against Lethal hMPV Challenge in Cotton Rats
Not available on PMC !

Example 16

The instant study was designed to test the efficacy in cotton rats of hMPV vaccines against a lethal challenge. mRNA vaccines encoding hMPV fusion protein were used. The mRNA polynucleotide encodes a full-length fusion protein and comprises the wild-type nucleotide sequence obtained from the hMPV A2a strain.

Cotton rats were immunized intramuscularly (IM) at week 0 and week 3 with the mRNA vaccines encoding hMPV fusion protein with either 2 μg or 10 μg doses for each immunization. The animals were then challenged with a lethal dose of hMPV in week 7 post initial immunization via IV, IM or ID. The endpoint was day 13 post infection, death or euthanasia. Viral titers in the noses and lungs of the cotton rats were measured. The results (FIGS. 9A and 9B) show that a 10 μg dose of mRNA vaccine protected the cotton mice 100% in the lung and drastically reduced the viral titer in the nose after challenge (˜2 log reduction). Moreover, a 2 μg dose of mRNA vaccine showed a 1 log reduction in lung viral titer in the cotton mice challenged.

Further, the histopathology of the lungs of the cotton mice immunized and challenged showed no pathology associated with vaccine-enhanced disease (FIG. 10).

US11872278B2. Combination HMPV/RSV RNA vaccines (2024-01-16). ModernaTX, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Giuseppe Ciaramella [US], Sunny Himansu [US].
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Patent 2024
Animals Base Sequence Euthanasia Gossypium Human Metapneumovirus Immunization Infection Lung mRNA Vaccine mRNA Vaccines Mus Nose Pneumonia, Viral Polynucleotides Proteins Rats, Cotton RNA, Messenger Rodent Strains vaccin Vaccines
2
Evaluation of mRNA-based hMPV Vaccines
Not available on PMC !

Example 13

The instant study is designed to test the efficacy in cotton rats of candidate hMPV vaccines against a lethal challenge using an hMPV vaccine comprising mRNA encoding Fusion (F) glycoprotein, major surface glycoprotein G, or a combination of both antigens obtained from hMPV. Cotton rats are challenged with a lethal dose of the hMPV.

Animals are immunized intravenously (IV), intramuscularly (IM), or intradermally (ID) at week 0 and week 3 with candidate hMPV vaccines with and without adjuvant. Candidate vaccines are chemically modified or unmodified. The animals are then challenged with a lethal dose of hMPV on week 7 via IV, IM or ID. Endpoint is day 13 post infection, death or euthanasia. Animals displaying severe illness as determined by >30% weight loss, extreme lethargy or paralysis are euthanized. Body temperature and weight are assessed and recorded daily.

In experiments where a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation is used, the formulation may include a cationic lipid, non-cationic lipid, PEG lipid and structural lipid in the ratios 50:10:1.5:38.5. The cationic lipid is DLin-KC2-DMA (50 mol %) or DLin-MC3-DMA (50 mol %), the non-cationic lipid is DSPC (10 mol %), the PEG lipid is PEG-DOMG (1.5 mol %) and the structural lipid is cholesterol (38.5 mol %), for example.

US11872278B2. Combination HMPV/RSV RNA vaccines (2024-01-16). ModernaTX, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Giuseppe Ciaramella [US], Sunny Himansu [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Animals Antigens Body Temperature Cations Cholesterol Euthanasia Glycoproteins Human Metapneumovirus Infection Lethargy Lipid Nanoparticles Lipids Membrane Glycoproteins Pharmaceutical Adjuvants Rats, Cotton RNA, Messenger Rodent Vaccines
3
Evaluating Efficacy of PIV3 Vaccines
Not available on PMC !

Example 18

The instant study is designed to test the efficacy in cotton rats of candidate PIV3 vaccines against a lethal challenge using a PIV3 vaccine comprising mRNA encoding hemagglutinin-neuraminidase or fusion protein (F or F0) obtained from PIV3. Cotton rats are challenged with a lethal dose of the PIV3.

Animals are immunized intravenously (IV), intramuscularly (IM), or intradermally (ID) at week 0 and week 3 with candidate PIV3 vaccines with and without adjuvant. Candidate vaccines are chemically modified or unmodified. The animals are then challenged with a lethal dose of PIV3 on week 7 via IV, IM or ID. Endpoint is day 13 post infection, death or euthanasia. Animals displaying severe illness as determined by >30% weight loss, extreme lethargy or paralysis are euthanized. Body temperature and weight are assessed and recorded daily.

In experiments where a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation is used, the formulation may include a cationic lipid, non-cationic lipid, PEG lipid and structural lipid in the ratios 50:10:1.5:38.5. The cationic lipid is DLin-KC2-DMA (50 mol %) or DLin-MC3-DMA (50 mol %), the non-cationic lipid is DSPC (10 mol %), the PEG lipid is PEG-DOMG (1.5 mol %) and the structural lipid is cholesterol (38.5 mol %), for example.

US11872278B2. Combination HMPV/RSV RNA vaccines (2024-01-16). ModernaTX, Inc. [US]. Inventors: Giuseppe Ciaramella [US], Sunny Himansu [US].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Animals Body Temperature Cations Cholesterol Euthanasia Hemagglutinin Infection Lethargy Lipid Nanoparticles Lipids Neuraminidase Pharmaceutical Adjuvants Proteins Rats, Cotton RNA, Messenger Rodent Vaccines
4
Lethal Dose LPS-Induced Murine Sepsis
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

A dose of 50 mg/kg of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) corresponds to the “lethal dose for 50 percent kill” that kills half of the population within 24 hours. Mice were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 50 mg/kg LPS in 1×PBS for a vehicle control, and when the mice showed the signs of the moribund state, such as impaired motility, labored breathing, or inability to maintain an upright position, the mice were sacrificed by CO2 euthanasia, and the point was recorded as a humane endpoint. (The signs of the moribund state: impaired mobility, inability to maintain upright position, prolonged lack of activity and labored breathing)

All animal studies were performed according to protocols approved by Kyungpook National University (permit No. 2019-0003) and under recommendations for the proper use and care of the specific pathogen-free housing facility at Kyungpook University.

US11872228B2. Pharmaceutical composition containing thiamine derivative for prevention or treatment of sepsis (2024-01-16). KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY INDUSTRY-ACADEMIC COOPERATION FOUNDATION [KR], KYUNGPOOK NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL [KR]. Inventors: In Kyu Lee [KR], Eun Jung Choi [KR], Chang Hyun Jeon [KR], Tae-Hwan Kwon [KR], Dong Ho Park [KR].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Animals Euthanasia Injections, Intraperitoneal Lipopolysaccharides Motility, Cell Mus Range of Motion, Articular Sepsis Specific Pathogen Free
5
Assessing Euthanasia Attitudes and Knowledge
A self-administered structured questionnaire was developed in English after intensive review of related published articles [1 (link), 5 (link), 8 (link), 9 (link), 12 (link), 18 (link), 19 (link), 22 , 23 (link)]. The questionnaire comprised questions pertaining to students' socio-demographic characteristics, suggested reasons that justify the ethicality of euthanasia and knowledge and attitude towards euthanasia. Respondents’ knowledge was assessed with statements that could be answered as “Yes” “No”, or “Don’t know”. Attitude was assessed using positively phrased questions scored on a Likert scale, in response categories of: (1) strongly agree, (2) agree, (3) neutral, (4) disagree, and (5) strongly disagree. Prior to data collection, the questionnaire was pretested on fourth year students and amendments were made accordingly.
Mulugeta T, & Alemu S. (2023). Knowledge and attitudes toward euthanasia among final year pharmacy and law students: a cross-sectional study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice, 16, 41.
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Publication 2023
Euthanasia Student

Top products related to «Euthanasia»

1
C57bl 6j mice by Jackson ImmunoResearch
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C57BL/6J mice are a widely used inbred mouse strain. They are a commonly used model organism in biomedical research.
2
C57bl 6 mice by Jackson ImmunoResearch
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C57BL/6 mice are a widely used inbred mouse strain commonly used in biomedical research. They are known for their black coat color and are a popular model organism due to their well-characterized genetic and physiological traits.
3
C57bl 6j by Jackson ImmunoResearch
Sourced in United States, Montenegro, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, China, Canada, Australia, France, Colombia, Netherlands, Spain
C57BL/6J is a mouse strain commonly used in biomedical research. It is a common inbred mouse strain that has been extensively characterized.
4
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
5
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RNAlater is a RNA stabilization solution developed by Thermo Fisher Scientific. It is designed to protect RNA from degradation during sample collection, storage, and transportation. RNAlater stabilizes the RNA in tissues and cells, allowing for efficient RNA extraction and analysis.
6
Calcein by Merck Group
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Calcein is a fluorescent dye used in various laboratory applications. It functions as a calcium indicator, allowing for the detection and measurement of calcium levels in biological samples.
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C57bl 6 mice by Charles River Laboratories
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The C57BL/6 mouse is a widely used inbred mouse strain. It is a common laboratory mouse model utilized for a variety of research applications.
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TRIzol reagent is a monophasic solution of phenol, guanidine isothiocyanate, and other proprietary components designed for the isolation of total RNA, DNA, and proteins from a variety of biological samples. The reagent maintains the integrity of the RNA while disrupting cells and dissolving cell components.
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Sprague dawley rat by Charles River Laboratories
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Sprague-Dawley rats are an outbred albino rat strain commonly used in laboratory research. They are characterized by their calm temperament and reliable reproductive performance.
10
Matrigel by BD
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Matrigel is a solubilized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma, a tumor rich in extracellular matrix proteins. It is widely used as a substrate for the in vitro cultivation of cells, particularly those that require a more physiologically relevant microenvironment for growth and differentiation.

More about "Euthanasia"

Euthanasia, also known as assisted dying or mercy killing, is the practice of intentionally ending a life to alleviate suffering.
It can be voluntary, where the individual consents, involuntary, where consent is not given, or non-voluntary, where the individual is unable to provide consent, such as in the case of a person in a persistent vegetative state.
The topic of euthanasia is complex and sensitive, with important ethical, legal, and medical considerations.
Researchers and clinicians must carefully evaluate the optimal protocols and products for euthanizing animals or humans, balancing the need to relieve suffering with the sanctity of life.
In animal research, common euthanasia methods include carbon dioxide exposure, cervical dislocation, and anesthetic overdose.
Widely used rodent species include C57BL/6J mice, C57BL/6 mice, and Sprague-Dawley rats.
Researchers may utilize techniques like FBS (fetal bovine serum), RNAlater (RNA stabilization reagent), Calcein (live cell fluorescent dye), and Matrigel (extracellular matrix gel) in their studies.
The field of euthanasia is constantly evolving, with researchers and policymakers exploring the latest protocols and products to ensure the most humane and ethical practices.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven research tools can help identify the optimal euthanasia methods, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy in your research.