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Medication Review

Medication review is the systematic evaluation of an individual's medication regimen to optimize safe and effective medication use.
This process involves assessing the appropriateness, effectiveness, and safety of all medications, including prescription drugs, over-the-counter products, and dietary supplements.
Medication reviews can help identify and resolve potential drug-related problems, such as adverse effects, drug interactions, and medication nonadherence.
Conducted by healthcare providers, such as pharmacists or physicians, medication reviews can improve patient outcomes and reduce the risk of medication-related issues.
The goal of medication review is to ensure that medications are used appropriately, effectively, and safely to meet the patient's healthcare needs.

Most cited protocols related to «Medication Review»

1
Regional and Racial Stroke Mortality Cohort
Cited 39 times
REGARDS is a prospective cohort study of 30 239 individuals examining regional and racial influences on stroke mortality. Details are described elsewhere15 (link)–16 (link); briefly, participants were enrolled between 2003 and 2007 using commercially available lists and a combination of mail and telephone contacts to recruit English-speaking, community-dwelling adults aged 45 years or older, who were living in the continental United States. Race and sex were balanced by design, with oversampling from the Southeastern United States; the final cohort included 58% of participants who were women and 42% of participants who had black race. Race was self-reported. Baseline data collection included computer-assisted telephone surveys assessing medical history and health status. In-home examinations by trained health care professionals followed standardized, quality-controlled protocols to collect fasting blood and urine samples; electrocardiograms; blood pressure, height, and weight measurements; and medication use by pill bottle review. Blood and urine samples were centrally analyzed at the University of Vermont. Electrocardiograms were centrally analyzed at Wake Forest University.
Living participants or their proxies were followed up every 6 months by telephone with retrieval of medical records for reported hospitalizations. Deaths were detected by report of next of kin or through online sources (eg, Social Security Death Index) and the National Death Index. Proxies or next of kin were interviewed about the circumstances surrounding death, including the presence of chest pain. Death certificates and autopsy reports also were obtained to adjudicate cause of death.
For this study, individuals with prevalent CHD (self-report of MI or coronary revascularization procedure at baseline or evidence of prior MI on the baseline electrocardiogram) were excluded. Events through December 31, 2009, were included in this analysis. At that time, 9.5% were lost to follow-up. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the institutional review boards at the participating institutions and all participants provided informed consent.
Safford M.M., Brown T.M., Muntner P., Durant R.W., Glasser S., Halanych J., Shikany J.M., Prineas R., Samdarshi T., Bittner V., Lewis C.E., Gamboa C., Cushman M., Howard V, & Howard G. (2012). Association of Race and Sex With Risk of Incident Acute Coronary Heart Disease Events. JAMA : the journal of the American Medical Association, 308(17), 1768-1774.
Publication 2012
Adult Autopsy BLOOD Blood Pressure Cerebrovascular Accident Chest Pain Contraceptives, Oral Electrocardiogram Electrocardiography Ethics Committees, Research Forests Home Health Aides Hospitalization Medication Review Negroes Physical Examination Surgical Procedure, Cardiac Urine Woman
2
MESA Cohort Study of Subclinical CVD
Cited 12 times
The study design for MESA has been published elsewhere (16 (link)). In brief, MESA is a prospective cohort study that began in July 2000 to investigate the prevalence, correlates and progression of subclinical CVD in individuals without known CVD at baseline. The cohort includes 6814 women and men aged 45–84 years old recruited from 6 US communities (Baltimore, Md; Chicago, Ill.; Forsyth County, N.C.; Los Angeles County, Calif.; northern Manhattan, N.Y.; and St. Paul, Minn.). MESA cohort participants were 38% white (n=2624), 28% black (n=1895), 22% Hispanic (n=1492), and 12% Chinese (n=803). Individuals with a history of physician diagnosed myocardial infarction, angina, heart failure, stroke, or transient ischemic attack, or who had undergone an invasive procedure for CVD (coronary artery bypass graft, angioplasty, valve replacement, pacemaker placement or other vascular surgeries) were excluded from participation. This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of each study site and written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
Demographics, medical history, anthropometric and laboratory data for the present study were taken from the first examination of the MESA cohort (July 2000-August 2002). Current smoking was defined as having smoked a cigarette in the last 30 days. Diabetes mellitus was defined as fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl or the use of hypoglycemic medications. Use of antihypertensive and other medications was based on review of prescribed medication containers. Resting blood pressure was measured 3 times in the seated position, and the average of the second and third readings was recorded. Hypertension was defined as a systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg, or use of medication prescribed for hypertension. Body mass index was calculated as weight (kg)/height (m2). Total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured from blood samples obtained after a 12-hour fast. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol was estimated by the Friedewald equation (17 (link)).
Yeboah J., Folsom A.R., Burke G.L., Johnson C., Polak J.F., Post W., Lima J.A., Crouse J.R, & Herrington D.M. (2009). Predictive Value of Brachial Flow-Mediated Dilation for Incident Cardiovascular Events in a Population-Based Study: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Circulation, 120(6), 502-509.
Publication 2009
Angina Pectoris Angioplasty Antihypertensive Agents BLOOD Blood Pressure Cerebrovascular Accident Chinese Cholesterol, beta-Lipoprotein Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Diabetes Mellitus Disease Progression Ethics Committees, Research Glucose Heart Failure High Blood Pressures High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Hispanics Hypoglycemic Agents Index, Body Mass Medication Review Myocardial Infarction Pacemaker, Artificial Cardiac Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Pressure, Diastolic Sitting Systolic Pressure Transient Ischemic Attack Vascular Surgical Procedures Woman
3
Multimodal Assessment of Cognitive Disorders
Cited 7 times
In this work, the study used data collected from the three centers of the Show Chwan Healthcare System. The data selected from the register-based database of the Show Chwan Health System were analyzed anonymously with the informed consent from all participants, and the study was designed retrospectively in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. The project was reviewed by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, and the study was approved by the Data Inspectorate.
The data for the study consisted of samples of clinical and neuropsychological assessment obtained from 6701 patients. For detailed neuropsychological tests, we assessed the history of cognitive status and objective assessments including the Clinical Dementia Ratings (CDR), Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) performed to evaluate memory, executive function, orientation, visual-spatial ability, and language function [11] . Along with the current scales such as CDR, MMSE, CASI, MoCA, we used a newly designed Informant-based questionnaire named HAICDDS which is applied in dementia registration in a health system with 9 regional hospitals in Taiwan. Clinical application of the HAICDDS had been published in journals [11] –[13] (link, link) or conferences [14] , [15] . The CDR determined the severity of dementia. Experienced neurologists evaluated the participants based on their clinical symptoms and reviews of medical/medication history, neuropsychological test results, and then classified the participants into six diagnostic groups: normal (535 participants), MCI (1687 participants), VMD (678 participants), Mild (1812 participants), Moderate (1309 participants), and Severe (680 participants). The six diagnostic groups were defined using the CDR staging. Among CDR 0.5, participants without significantly impaired activities of daily living were divided as CDR 0.5 MCI and those with significantly impaired activities of daily living were divided as CDR 0.5 VMD. Therefore, the 6 groups were CDR 0, CDR 0.5 MCI, CDR 0.5 VMD, CDR 1, CDR 2, and CDR 3. The operational diagnosis of a significant interfere with ADL is the IADL total score <7.
we randomly split the data with the ratio of 9:1, of which 90% are training data sets (6030 participants) and 10% are test data sets (671 participants) [16] (link). In order to estimate the generalization error, this procedure was repeated 10 times independently to avoid any deviation caused by randomly partitioning data sets. The average accuracy and F1-score were calculated for performance analysis. We finally obtained 10 training-test of different training set (6030 participants) and test set (671 participants). We also repeated the independent training-test procedure more than 10 times (k = 10) but the results were similar, so only the results with k = 10 were reported in the manuscript.
Analyze Informant-Based Questionnaire for The Early Diagnosis of Senile Dementia Using Deep Learning. (2019). IEEE Journal of Translational Engineering in Health and Medicine, 8, 2200106.
Publication 2019
Cognition Conferences Diagnosis Diagnostic Techniques, Surgical Ethics Committees, Research Executive Function Generalization, Psychological Medication Review Memory Mini Mental State Examination Neurologists Neuropsychological Tests Patients Presenile Dementia Spatial Visualization
4
Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Care for Patients with Multimorbidity
Cited 6 times
General practices in the control group continued to provide usual care. In the UK, review of chronic conditions is mainly done by nurses in primary care, using disease-specific data-entry screens or templates. Nurses often specialise in particular conditions and review each disease separately, so patients with multimorbidity might be invited to multiple review appointments and receive poor continuity of care. Their chronic disease reviews mainly focus on meeting the requirements of the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework pay-for-performance scheme.
The 3D intervention is based on a patient-centred care model and seeks to improve continuity, coordination, and efficiency of care by replacing disease-focused reviews of each health condition with one 6-monthly comprehensive multidisciplinary review (figure 1). The name 3D reminds clinicians to consider dimensions of health in a broad sense, depression, and drugs, while also alluding to the multi-dimensional holistic approach.

Overview of 3D intervention

Each 3D review consists of two appointments (with a nurse and then a named responsible physician, both existing members of practice staff) and a records-based medication review by a pharmacist (who might or might not have previously worked with the practice). The appointment letter asks the patient to think about the health problems that bother them most. The nurse focuses on identifying the health problems most important to the patient; asking about pain, function, and quality of life; screening for depression and dementia; and then addressing the disease-specific care the patient requires. Findings are printed as a patient-held agenda to inform the subsequent consultation with the doctor. The pharmacist uses the patient's electronic medical records to review medication, and makes recommendations about simplifying and optimising treatment. The physician considers the nurse and pharmacist reviews, discusses treatment adherence, and agrees on a collaborative health plan with the patient. The patient is given a printed copy of the plan, which specifies how the patient and clinicians will address the agreed goals over the next 6 months through routine consultations. All three stages of the 3D review are based on an electronic template integrated within the EMIS electronic medical records system, which reinforces the patient-centred approach and is interactive, with prompts presented to the clinicians that change depending on the patient's combination of chronic conditions.
We used several evidence-based14 strategies to facilitate implementation of the 3D approach. All practice clinical staff involved in delivering the intervention received two half-days of training, and administrative staff were trained in a separate meeting. Further details of training are described in the appendix. Each practice identified a local champion to support implementation. We provided practices with monthly feedback about the extent of completion of reviews, and modest financial incentives (£30) for each completed 3D review.
Salisbury C., Man M.S., Bower P., Guthrie B., Chaplin K., Gaunt D.M., Brookes S., Fitzpatrick B., Gardner C., Hollinghurst S., Lee V., McLeod J., Mann C., Moffat K.R, & Mercer S.W. (2018). Management of multimorbidity using a patient-centred care model: a pragmatic cluster-randomised trial of the 3D approach. Lancet (London, England), 392(10141), 41-50.
Publication 2018
ARID1A protein, human Chronic Condition Continuity of Patient Care Dementia Disease, Chronic Health Planning Medication Review Nurses Pain Patient-Centered Care Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Primary Health Care
5
Comprehensive HIV Treatment Monitoring Protocol
Cited 6 times
A targeted physical exam, medication review, adherence interview and pill counts,
serum chemistries, liver function tests, pregnancy test, CD4+ lymphocyte count,
and plasma HIV-1 RNA were scheduled at least every 8 wk. All study drug
modifications including initial doses, participant-initiated and/or
protocol-mandated interruptions, substitutions, and permanent discontinuation
and reasons for modification were assessed at each visit. Adverse events (signs,
symptoms, and laboratory results) used US Division of AIDS (DAIDS) scale for
severity grading [15] .
Diagnosis criteria were standardized across sites using ACTG Appendix 60 (see
Text
S3). Plasma HIV-1 RNA was measured in real time by the Roche Amplicor
Monitor assay (v1.5) at laboratories participating in the DAIDS Virology Quality
Assurance program.
Campbell T.B., Smeaton L.M., Kumarasamy N., Flanigan T., Klingman K.L., Firnhaber C., Grinsztejn B., Hosseinipour M.C., Kumwenda J., Lalloo U., Riviere C., Sanchez J., Melo M., Supparatpinyo K., Tripathy S., Martinez A.I., Nair A., Walawander A., Moran L., Chen Y., Snowden W., Rooney J.F., Uy J., Schooley R.T., De Gruttola V, & Hakim J.G. (2012). Efficacy and Safety of Three Antiretroviral Regimens for Initial Treatment of HIV-1: A Randomized Clinical Trial in Diverse Multinational Settings. PLoS Medicine, 9(8), e1001290.
Publication 2012
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Biological Assay CD4+ Cell Counts Contraceptives, Oral Diagnosis HIV-1 Liver Function Tests Medication Review Physical Examination Plasma Pregnancy Tests Serum

Most recents protocols related to «Medication Review»

1
Comprehensive Medication Review and Management
Before randomization, comprehensive medication reviews were conducted by BCGPs for all participants using participant-reported medical conditions and information on dose, frequency, indication, duration of treatment, tolerability, and adverse drug reactions for all prescription medications, vitamins, and supplements. The BCGP medication review process involved 1) assessing the clinical appropriateness of each medication using the Beers Criteria [13 ] and Medication Appropriateness Index (MAI); [16 (link)] 2) evaluating potential drug-drug and drug-disease interactions in accord with the above and also taking into account prescription label information; and 3) assessing whether medication regimens followed relevant disease-specific evidence-based guidelines [13 , 17 (link), 18 (link)]. Of note, blood laboratory work results, electronic medical records, and previous therapies (e.g., medication failures) were not available to BCGPs when devising baseline recommendations, but were available to the clinician member of the MTM team. Following randomization, the MTM recommendations were only shared with those participants randomized to the intervention group (N = 46). Recommendations for the control group were recorded in the study database but not shared with those participants.
During the INCREASE study period, the pharmacy team of two BCGPs utilized drug and health information resources (e.g., Lexicomp and UpToDate [Wolters Kluwer Health Inc. Riverwoods, IL]), Beers Criteria [13 ], relevant guidelines (e.g., Diabetes Standards of Care [17 (link)] and Clinical Practice Guidelines for Hypertension [18 (link)]), and clinical judgement to justify their recommendations. Each recommendation was reviewed by both BCGPs and a consensus pharmacy recommendation was decided via discussion. Detailed information for each recommendation was then entered into a series of pre-specified study protocol data collection forms, allowing for systematic categorization of recommendations as either: 1) medication discontinuation with or without tapering; 2) switch to a different medication; 3) dose adjustment (e.g., decrease dose, adjust dose for organ function/tolerability, or increase dose); 4) new medication initiation; 5) drug or disease monitoring recommendation (e.g., vital signs, falls risk, sedation); or 6) a non-pharmacologic recommendation (e.g., sleep hygiene, avoiding gastroesophageal reflux triggers, referral for diagnostic workup). Baseline recommendations were also categorized by pharmacologic class and over the counter (OTC) or supplement status of the medication prompting a baseline MTM recommendation. A full schematic for medication categorization is available in the supplementary material (see Supplementary Table S1).
Smith N.I., Martinez A.I., Huffmyer M., Eckmann L., George R., Abner E.L., Jicha G.A, & Moga D.C. (2023). Acceptability of patient-centered, multi-disciplinary medication therapy management recommendations: results from the INCREASE randomized study. BMC Geriatrics, 23, 137.
Publication 2023
BLOOD Clinical Reasoning Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Dietary Supplements Drug Interactions Drug Reaction, Adverse Drugs, Non-Prescription Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease High Blood Pressures Medication Review Pharmaceutical Preparations Precipitating Factors Sedatives Signs, Vital Treatment Protocols Vitamins
2
Medication Data Collection Protocol
Medication data is obtained at each visit through a combination of self-report, medical records and research staff review of medications brought to the study visit. The total number of prescriptions is counted for each participant at each visit, up to 15 per type.57
Du L., Langhough R., Hermann B.P., Jonaitis E., Betthauser T.J., Cody K.A., Mueller K., Zuelsdorff M., Chin N., Ennis G.E., Bendlin B.B., Gleason C.E., Christian B.T., Plante D.T., Chappell R, & Johnson S.C. (2023). Associations between self-reported sleep patterns and health, cognition and amyloid measures: results from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention. Brain Communications, 5(2), fcad039.
Publication 2023
Medication Review Pharmaceutical Preparations Prescriptions
3
Evaluating Medication Error Reduction
Data were collected on the number of patients, orders, prescribing errors and previous Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) documentation. Prescribing errors were identified by our research assistant (pharmacist) who conducted daily review of medications charts, identifying prescriptions from the participating intern prescriber. Medications errors were defined as, any order that could result in the administration of wrong drug, form, route, dose, frequency, to the wrong patient, according to the standard NIMC audit conducted across multiple sites in Australia. Each participant’s prescriptions were selected by convenience sampling, but a minimum of 30 orders was mandated before and after the intervention, to improve the representativeness of the sample.
Coombes I., Donovan P., Bullock B., Mitchell C, & Noble C. (2023). Can a novel constructivist theory-informed feedback intervention reduce prescribing errors ? A pre-post study. BMC Medical Education, 23, 150.
Publication 2023
Drug Reaction, Adverse Medication Review Patients Prescriptions
4
Comprehensive Cardiometabolic Health Assessment
Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected at baseline through a telephone interview, an in-home examination, and self-administered questionnaires left in the home. The in-home visit was scheduled after the telephone interview. Trained interviewers conducted computer-assisted telephone interviews to obtain information on participants’ demographic characteristics, cigarette smoking, physical activity, and use of medications. Trained health professionals conducted in-home visits that included a physical examination and collection of fasting blood samples, which were shipped overnight for analysis and storage to the University of Vermont.
Participants self-reported age, race, sex, household income, educational level, smoking status, alcohol use, and physical activity. Smoking status was categorized as never smokers, current smokers, or former smokers (smoked at least 100 cigarettes in a lifetime). Current alcohol use was assessed with 2 questions, and participants’ consumption was categorized as heavy (>14 drinks per week for men or >7 drinks per week for women), moderate (1-14 drinks per week for men or 1-7 drinks per week for women), or none per National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism guidelines.20 Physical activity was assessed with a single item (how often per week do you exercise enough to work up a sweat), and participants were dichotomized as engaging in no activity or any activity. Body mass index was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Blood pressure was measured using a sphygmomanometer after the participant rested for 5 minutes. During the in-home visits, information regarding current medication use for hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, or depression was assessed via medication inventory review. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the abbreviated version of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale questionnaire, which has been previously validated and demonstrated high correlation with the original longer version (r = 0.87).21 (link) Scores of 4 or more were indicative of elevated levels of depressive symptoms. Fasting blood samples were obtained and assayed for total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and glucose levels. Diabetes was defined as a fasting blood glucose level of more than 125 mg/dL (to convert to millimoles per liter, multiply by 0.0555) or self-reported history of diabetes or diabetes medication use.
Kulshreshtha A., Alonso A., McClure L.A., Hajjar I., Manly J.J, & Judd S. (2023). Association of Stress With Cognitive Function Among Older Black and White US Adults. JAMA Network Open, 6(3), e231860.
Publication 2023
BLOOD Blood Glucose Blood Pressure Cholesterol Conditioning, Psychology Depressive Symptoms Diabetes Mellitus Dyslipidemias Glucose Health Personnel High Blood Pressures High Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Households Index, Body Mass Interviewers Medication Review Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination Specimen Collections, Blood Sphygmomanometers Sweat Visit, Home Woman
5
Retrospective Cohort Medication Review
Since the study design is a retrospective cohort, data was collected from medication chart review. This was done using a checklist. The checklist contained information on socio-demographic details, anthropometric measures, co-morbid conditions, laboratory results, and other medical conditions.
Betiru E.A., Mamo E., Jara Boneya D., Adem A, & Abebaw D. (2023). Survival Analysis and Its Predictors Among Hemodialysis Patients at Saint Paul Hospital Millennium Medical College and Myungsung Christian Medical Center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021. International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease, 16, 59-71.
Publication 2023
Medication Review

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More about "Medication Review"

Medication Management, Pharmacotherapy Review, Pharmaceutical Assessment, Medication Optimization, Prescription Drug Evaluation, OTC Medication Review, Supplement Evaluation, Drug-Related Problem Identification, Adverse Drug Reaction Mitigation, Medication Adherence Improvement, Healthcare Provider-Led Medication Review, Pharmacist-Conducted Medication Review, Physician-Led Medication Review, Medication Safety and Efficacy Enhancement, Tailored Medication Regimen, Individualized Medication Management, Medication Utilization Optimization, Polypharmacy Management, Adverse Drug Event Prevention, Medication Interaction Screening, Medication Nonadherence Resolution, Medication Reconciliation, Medication Therapy Management (MTM), Comprehensive Medication Review (CMR), Targeted Medication Review (TMR), Medication Evaluation, Prescription Medication Assessment, Over-the-Counter (OTC) Product Evaluation, Dietary Supplement Review, Medication Appropriateness Review, Medication Effectiveness Evaluation, Medication Safety Analysis, Drug-Related Problem Identification and Resolution, Patient Outcomes Improvement, Medication-Related Risk Reduction, Medication Management Best Practices, Medication Review Protocols, Medication Review AI-Driven Platforms, PubCompare.ai Medication Review Tools, Enhancing Medication Review Reproducibility and Accuracy, Medication Review Research Optimization.