Oral Examination is a comprehensive process to evaluate an individual's oral health and identify any potential issues or concerns.
It involves a thorough assessment of the teeth, gums, tongue, and overall oral cavity, often conducted by a dental professional.
This examination may include visual inspection, x-rays, and other diagnostic tools to detect any signs of tooth decay, gum disease, or other oral health problems.
The goal of an Oral Examination is to maintain good oral hygiene, prevent future complications, and promote overall health and well-being.
Regualr Oral Examinations are recommended to ensure the early detection and treatment of any dental or oral issues.
Most cited protocols related to «Oral Examination»
The deft/DMFT index is a commonly used index for cumulative measures of dental caries in populations and represents the total number of decayed (cavitated) (d/D), extracted/missing (e/M, due to decay) and filled (f/F) teeth. The lowercase letters (deft) refer to primary teeth, whereas the capitalized letters (DMFT) refer to permanent teeth. We used four oral health outcomes. Three of these were “clinician-assessed” based on the results from the mouth examination: 1) caries prevalence, or the percentage of children with some caries experiences (i.e., percent with deft/DMFT >0); 2) number of decayed, extracted/missing (due to decay) and filled teeth (deft/DMFT); and 3) the percentage of children with two or more teeth (primary or permanent) with untreated caries (i.e., percent with 2 or more d or D). The fourth outcome was “parent perception” based on questionnaire responses (“In general, how would you rate the health of your child’s mouth, including his/her teeth, tongue, gums, lips, and jaw joint?” [excellent / very good / good / fair / poor]). For this outcome, we used the percentage of children rated by their parents as having fair or poor oral health.
Shi C., Faris P., McNeil D.A., Patterson S., Potestio M.L., Thawer S, & McLaren L. (2018). Ethnic disparities in children’s oral health: findings from a population-based survey of grade 1 and 2 schoolchildren in Alberta, Canada. BMC Oral Health, 18, 1.
All participants provided written informed consent to a protocol that was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board on research involving human subjects at the University of North Carolina and/or at each study performance site. DARIC participants were recruited from the ARIC population study and included dentate participants who did not have contraindications for periodontal probing.16 (link) The DARIC sample consisted of 6,793 individuals living in four United States communities. These subjects had full-mouth periodontal examinations at six sites per tooth, including third molars, as measured by trained and calibrated examiners. Two additional datasets from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; 2009-2010 and 2011-2012) were used as the second study population. The technical details of the surveys, including sampling design, periodontal data collection protocols, and data availability, have been described elsewhere.17 (link), 18 (link) Briefly, periodontal measurements were collected for 3,750 individuals (NHANES 2009-2010) and for 3,338 individuals (NHANES 2011-2012). The third study population was from the Piedmont 65+ Dental Study (PDS), which was based on a stratified random clustered sample of all people aged 65 and over in the five adjacent counties in the Piedmont area of North Carolina.19 (link) The PDS began in 1988 with a random subsample of 697 dentate individuals with periodontal data available. Although PDS is a longitudinal study, in this report these analysis were conducted using the baseline data. Additional population characteristics are described in detail in previous publications.20 (link), 21 (link)
Morelli T., Moss K.L., Beck J., Preisser J.S., Wu D., Divaris K, & Offenbacher S. (2016). Derivation and Validation of the Periodontal and Tooth Profile Classification System for Patient Stratification. Journal of periodontology, 88(2), 153-165.
This study was conducted in participants of the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study (WHIOS) enrolled at the University at Buffalo clinical center (N=2249) (Figure 1). These postmenopausal women were contacted between 1997–2000 and invited to participate in an ancillary study of osteoporosis and oral bone loss (Osteo Perio Ancillary Study) (25 (link)). Those interested and eligible completed a series of questionnaires, had an oral examination and underwent systemic bone density screening. A total of 1362 women participated in this ancillary study. Of those, 1341 who had complete baseline questionnaires (5 missing questionnaires) and oral radiographs (16 incomplete radiographs) were invited back approximately 5 years later for a follow-up study where questionnaire information and standardized examinations were repeated. Among the 1341 participants from the baseline study invited to the follow-up examination, 101 were ineligible, 51 were determined to be deceased, 151 were not interested in participating, 3 withdrew from the original WHI observational study, and 9 were unable to be contacted. An additional 5 consented but had an incomplete dental exam at the follow-up visit. These analyses are based on the remaining 1,021 individuals who participated in the follow-up study. Participants were ineligible for the baseline study if they had less than 6 teeth remaining, history of bone disease, bilateral hip replacement, cancer diagnosis in the 10 years prior to interview, and certain other serious illnesses (25 (link)). For the follow-up study, women were ineligible if during the follow-up they developed cancer or an immunosuppressive disorder (eg. transplant recipient), were on long term antibiotic treatment or received recent dental x-rays within the prior year. All participants provided signed informed consent for the WHI-OS, as well as the baseline and follow-up ancillary studies. All studies were approved by the University at Buffalo’s Health Sciences Institutional Review Board.
Bole C., Wactawski-Wende J., Hovey K., Genco R.J, & Hausmann E. (2010). Clinical and community risk models of incident tooth loss in postmenopausal women from the Buffalo Osteo Perio Study. Community dentistry and oral epidemiology, 38(6), 487-497.
Experimental procedures were approved by the West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University (reference number WCHSIRB-D-2018-105). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations in the informed consent. And the informed consent was gotten to publish identifying information including CBCT and oral master model. A 3-dimensional FEA solid model of lower jaw was constructed using clinical CBCT data and master model scanned data from a 53-year-old Chinese patient with bilateral dissociation deletion of Kennedy Class I. Oral examination showed a severely absorbed mandibular bone with 34–37, 31–43, 46, and 47 teeth missing (FDI standard), and no other abnormality was discovered among the remaining teeth. The modeling steps are shown in Fig. 3.
The flow chart of modeling.
The mandibular bone was scanned with CBCT (3D Accuitomo scanner, Morita, Kyoto, Japan) at a 0.25-mm-slice thickness and 1-mm scan increment in 401 slice images in DICOM format. The images were imported into the Mimics (Mimics 17.0, Materialise NV) to obtain the mandibular bone model and the remaining teeth models. The output data were then imported to Geomagic Studio (Geomagic Studio12.0, Geomagic Co, USA) for surface reconstruction. The remaining teeth models A (RTMA) and mandibular bone model A (MBMA) were obtained for further use. The mandibular impression was made by using alginate impression materials, and the master model was made with plaster. The features of oral mucosa were obtained by scanning the master model with a desk scanner (3shape D2000, Denmark), and the obtained data were imported to Geomagic Studio for surface reconstruction. Digitalized master model (DMM) was obtained for further use. RTMA, MBMA and DMM were aligned in Geomagic Studio by matching three matching points on the remaining teeth surfaces of RTMA and DMM. Boolean operation was first used to remove the exposed part of bone of MBMA to obtain the final mandibular bone model (FMBM). Boolean operation was then used to remove the remaining crowns on the DMM by subtracting it with RTMA, and the final mucosal model (FMM) was obtained. The mucosa thickness was defined with the vertical distance between the mandibular bone surface and the mucosal surface. The 3D oral model obtained with this technique can provide a more accurate geometrical morphology and thickness of mucosa, which is crucial for RPD simulation. The PDL was simulated by adding a 0.2 mm thick shell to the interface area between bone and tooth models, and then the volume shell is subtracted from the bone in order to define the PDL volume as previous studies proposed41 (link),42 (link). Following the design specifications for RPDs, 4 kinds of RPDs were designed by an experienced prosthodontist as well as technician together by using 3shape Dental System software (Dental system 2017, Denmark). Figure 4 demonstrated the 4 different designs of frameworks, and the designs are as follows:
4 Different designs of frameworks.
Framework A: an RPT (Rest-Plate-T bar) clasp set in the canine of left mandibular region; an RPI (Rest-Plate-I bar) clasp set in the second premolar of right mandibular region. Framework B: an RPT (Rest-Plate-T bar) clasp set in the canine of left mandibular region; an arrow clasp between the premolars of the right mandibular region. Framework C: an RPT (Rest-Plate-T bar) clasp set in the canine of left mandibular region; an RPL (Rest-Plate-L bar) clasp set in the first premolar of right mandibular region; a back-action clasp in the second premolar of right mandibular region. Framework D: an Aker clasp in the canine of left mandibular region; a combined clasp between the premolars of right mandibular region. The FMBM, FMM, RTMA and all the frameworks, denture bases and denture teeth models were then processed by Abaqus/CAE (2016, SIMULIA Co, USA) to convert into a three-dimensional FEA solid model (Fig. 5). The ten-node tetrahedral elements were selected for the models. A convergence study was carried out to determine the optimal size of elements. In Fig. 6, the influence of the size of elements on the maximum Von-Mises stress and maximum displacement of the model is presented. It shown that the stress and displacement were converged as the element size smaller than 0.2 mm. As a result, the size of elements can be located as 0.2 mm.
Final components of the model.
Convergence study: Influence of the size of elements on maximum Von-Mises stress and maximum displacement of finite element model.
All materials except the PDL were assumed to be linearly elastic, homogenous and isotropic to simplify the calculations. Table 1 showed the elastic modulus and the Poisson ratio for each material43 (link)–45 . As for the PDL, the nonlinear hyper-elastic model was used based on the double linear stress-strain curve of Vollmer’s28 research: when the dependent variable of PDL ɛ < 7.5%, E1 = 0.05 MPa; and when ɛ > 7.5%, E2 = 0.22 MPa. Also, there are several studies used nonlinear parameters with mucosa, previous studies showed that with RPD scenario, the simulation results with linear mucosa parameter were highly correspondence with in vitro test results with sensors46 (link), indicating linear parameter of mucosa is acceptable under normal occlusal force with RPD scenario. There are also several studies used the same method to investigate the stress and displacement of mucosa with RPD, which can simplify calculation process as well as obtain accurate results20 (link),47 (link),48 (link).
Material properties of finite element models.
Material
Elastic Modulus (MPa)
Poisson Ratio
Mucosa
3.45
0.45
Denture Base
2,200
0.31
Cancellous Bone
1,370
0.30
Cortical Bone
13,700
0.30
PDL
Non-linear (see below)
0.45
Tooth Dentin
18,600
0.30
Denture Tooth
1,960
0.30
Co-Cr Alloy
235,000
0.33
Titanium Alloy
11 * 104
0.35
PEEK
4,100
0.4
The tooth was simplified as a uniform dentine material without concerning about the difference between the dentine and the enamel, as the mechanical property of these two materials are proved to be similar in the previous study49 (link). The PDLs and teeth roots, the denture teeth and denture base were considered as position constraints. The interfaces between the clasps and the remaining teeth were modeled as frictional contacts with appropriate friction coefficients (μ = 0.1), and the friction coefficients between the denture base and mucosa was assumed as μ = 0.0143 (link),44 . To simulate an occlusal force, a vertical load of 120 N was applied to the occlusal surface of both the artificial first molar39 (link). Although different masticatory activities (e.g. grinding) with various loading patterns may affect the optimization outcome, but the effects of other masticatory activities are less significant compared to the direct biting force because of the magnitudes50 (link). The following were investigated: the von Mises stress values of the PDLs, mucosa, frameworks, and the displacement of frameworks. Data were exported to SPSS 19.0 (IBM, Chicago, USA) for statistical analysis. One-way ANOVA and the Student-Newman-Keuls q test was used to determine differences among different framework materials and different framework design schemes. For all comparisons, statistical significance was declared if p < 0.05.
Chen X., Mao B., Zhu Z., Yu J., Lu Y., Zhang Q., Yue L, & Yu H. (2019). A three-dimensional finite element analysis of mechanical function for 4 removable partial denture designs with 3 framework materials: CoCr, Ti-6Al-4V alloy and PEEK. Scientific Reports, 9, 13975.
This longitudinal, prospective, observational study was conducted in the outpatient support clinic for patients undergoing cancer treatment at the Mario Penna Institute (Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil). All patients assisted between March to December 2021 were invited to participate in the study. This period covers the whole use of hypofractionated RT protocol in the institution. Participants of both sexes, aged > 18 years with histopathological confirmation of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity, larynx, pharynx, maxillary sinus, and salivary glands with an indication of conventional or hypofractionated RT were included in the study. Exclusion criteria were as follows: patients who continued to consume alcohol and tobacco during RT treatment, patients with an RT regimen different from the study protocols, patients who used a nasogastric tube before RT treatment, and patients who were clinically unable to open their mouths for intraoral evaluation. A total of 109 patients were included in the study and stratified into two groups:
Conventional protocol group (GConv): Initially composed of 73 participants who underwent a conventional RT protocol consisting of the administration of 5 weekly fractions of 1.8 − 2.0 Gy, with a total of 66 − 70 Gy for 6 − 7 weeks.
Hypofractionated protocol group (GHipo): Initially composed of 36 patients who underwent an RT protocol consisting of the administration of 5 weekly fractions of 2.75 Gy, with a total of 55 Gy for 4 weeks.
For a short period of time, at the most critical moment of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil, the Institution implemented the Hypofractionated RT protocol following the recommendations of international guidelines or recent works[16 (link), 17 (link)]. Patients belonging to the GHIpo group were selected during this period. After the suspension of the indication of the hypofractionation radiotherapy protocol, a convenient sample was selected from patients submitted to the conventional RT protocol to create a control group (GConv). Of the total number of participants included, 66 completed all stages of the study, totaling 23 participants for GHipo and 43 for GConv. The remaining participants were excluded due to death, interruption of treatment, refusal to continue in the study, or noncompliance with all stages proposed in the study. The sample calculation considered a prevalence of mucosistis of 61%[18 (link), 19 (link)], with 95% confidence. Therefore, the sample would have 92 subjects and considering the loss of up to 30%, the final sample of 66 patients is acceptable.
de Vasconcellos Ferreira P.M., Gomes M.D., Almeida A.C., Cornélio J.S., Arruda T.J., Mafra A., Nunes M.H., Salera R.B., Nogueira R.F., Sclauser J.M., Drummond-Lage A.P, & Rezende B.A. (2023). Evaluation of oral mucositis, candidiasis, and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer treated with a hypofractionated or conventional radiotherapy protocol: a longitudinal, prospective, observational study. Head & Face Medicine, 19, 7.
The presence and severity of oral mucositis and candidiasis were assessed in all participants at three-time points of the study: i) on the day of the first RT session (initial assessment); ii) halfway through RT treatment (intermediate assessment); and iii) on the day of the last RT session (final assessment). The intermediate evaluation occurred between the 14th and 20th RT sessions for the participants assigned to the GConv and between the 8th and 12th sessions for the GHipo. Oral mucositis was evaluated according to the methodology proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO), which established the classification criteria to assess this oral mucosa condition [20 ]. It is a visual and noninvasive evaluation of the oral cavity, where the categorization follows the following parameters: grade 0, no changes; grade 1, pain/erythema; grade 2, erythema and ulcers; grade 3, ulcers (liquid diet only); grade 4, it is not possible to ingest food. The presence of pseudomembranous candidiasis was clinically evaluated [21 (link)]. This evaluation was based on the observation of anatomic localization, features, and removal of the pseudomembrane by rubbing the lesion with gauze, with the adjacent mucosa appearing normal or erythematous, usually painless [21 (link)]. Both evaluations were performed on all participants by a single operator with extensive academic training in dentistry and clinical experience, properly trained in all stages proposed to minimize biases related to different perceptions of the oral condition of the participants. In addition to visual evaluation, the participant was also asked about the intensity of pain and difficulty swallowing food.
de Vasconcellos Ferreira P.M., Gomes M.D., Almeida A.C., Cornélio J.S., Arruda T.J., Mafra A., Nunes M.H., Salera R.B., Nogueira R.F., Sclauser J.M., Drummond-Lage A.P, & Rezende B.A. (2023). Evaluation of oral mucositis, candidiasis, and quality of life in patients with head and neck cancer treated with a hypofractionated or conventional radiotherapy protocol: a longitudinal, prospective, observational study. Head & Face Medicine, 19, 7.
The participants were examined at four time points: (1) baseline visit (V1), before receiving PTOR; (2) 1 week after receiving PTOR (V2); (3) two weeks (V3) and two months (V4) after PTOR. Demographic-socioeconomic characteristics and oral hygiene behavior were collected using a questionnaire, detailed previously [3 (link)]. In addition, medical background, medications, and smoking status were self-reported and confirmed by electronic medical records. A comprehensive oral examination was performed at each visit by one of two calibrated dentists in a dedicated examination room at the URMC, using standard dental examination equipment, materials, and supplies. Caries were scored using DMFT (decayed, missing, and filled teeth) and the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) [19 (link)]. Bleeding on probing (BOP) was used to assess the gingival inflammation. Supragingival plaque was assessed using the Plaque Index (PI) described by Löe [20 (link)]. Inter- and intra-examiner agreement for the evaluated criteria was calculated by Kappa statistics and exceeded 90% at the calibration. Saliva/plaque sample collection was detailed previously [3 (link)]. The study participants spit approximately 2 ml of whole non-stimulated saliva into a sterile 50 ml centrifuge tube. Study subjects were instructed not to eat, drink or brush their teeth 2 h before oral sample collection prior to their study visit. Supragingival plaques from the whole dentition were collected using a sterilized periodontal scaler. The plaque samples were resuspended in 1 ml of a 0.9% sodium chloride solution in a sterilized Eppendorf tube. All samples were transported to the lab within 2 h of collection and stored in a – 80 °C freezer.
Wu T.T., Sohn M., Manning S., Beblavy R., Gill S., Quataert S., Vasani S., Jang H., Zeng Y., Bruno J., Vazquez A., Fiscella K, & Xiao J. (2023). Metagenomic analysis examines oral microbiome changes and interplay with immune response following prenatal total oral rehabilitation. Journal of Translational Medicine, 21, 172.
Intra oral examination was carried out using a sterile dental mirror and probe with the participant seated on a chair in a well-lit environment. All the teeth present in the mouth, with the exclusion of the third molars, were recorded using the Fédération Dentaire Internationale (FDI) notation. The DMFT index of the World Health Organization for dental epidemiological studies was used to determine the caries status of the participants [36 ]. The index includes the following: D- number of decayed teeth, M- number of extracted teeth due to caries, F- number of teeth filled or crowned due to caries and T- teeth present. Only teeth extracted due to caries were recorded as missing. Histories of missing teeth was elicited from the participants in order to exclude agenesis, trauma and other causes. Women who were caries free would have DMFT scores of 0. ‘Caries experience’ was denoted by any circumstance where where the DMFT score was ≥1. Oral hygiene status was evaluated using the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) [37 (link)]. The index comprises of debris and calculus scores on selected tooth surfaces. The buccal and lingual surfaces of the six index permanent teeth (FDI numbers 11, 16, 26, 31, 36, 46) were examined. Oral hygiene was classified as good, fair, or poor when score ranges were 0.0–1.2, 1.3–3.0, and >3.0, respectively.
Oziegbe E.O, & Schepartz L.A. (2023). Parity, dental caries and implications for maternal depletion syndrome in northern Nigerian Hausa women. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0281653.
The sample population was selected through a household survey in the Kumbotso LGA using a multi-stage random sampling technique. The LGA comprises of 11 administrative wards. Each of the wards was assigned a number and then six numbers were drawn at random to choose the selected wards for the study. Within each ward, two communities were selected using a random sampling technique and all households in each community were approached. All women in the households (including widowed and divorced women) who met the inclusion criteria of good general health and age between 13 and 80 years were interviewed and examined. The minimum age of 13 years was used as it is the mean female age at marriage [33 (link)]. The upper age limit was set to 80 years to capture the cumulative effects of parity. Women with severe medical conditions, or conditions associated with xerostomia (dry mouth) such as diabetes and Sjogren’s disease, as well as those who had been on antibiotics three to four weeks prior to oral examination, were excluded from the study. The exclusion of those on antibiotics was necessary for the larger study that assessed the periodontal health of the participants.
Oziegbe E.O, & Schepartz L.A. (2023). Parity, dental caries and implications for maternal depletion syndrome in northern Nigerian Hausa women. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0281653.
The PCP-UNC 15 is a dental lab instrument designed for ultrasonic scaling and root debridement procedures. It features a slim, angled design and a standard UNC 15 tip size for clinical versatility.
The UNC-15 periodontal probe is a dental instrument designed for clinical examination and measurement of periodontal pockets. It features a slim, tapered tip and markings in millimeters to accurately assess the depth of the gingival sulcus or periodontal pocket.
The UNC-15 is a dental laboratory instrument designed for scaling and root planing procedures. It features a double-ended tip with a flat edge and a pointed tip, allowing for versatility in performing various dental procedures. The UNC-15 is made with high-quality materials to ensure durability and precise performance.
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SAS 9.4 is an integrated software suite for advanced analytics, data management, and business intelligence. It provides a comprehensive platform for data analysis, modeling, and reporting. SAS 9.4 offers a wide range of capabilities, including data manipulation, statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and visual data exploration.
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SPSS is a software package used for statistical analysis. It provides a graphical user interface for data manipulation, statistical analysis, and visualization. SPSS offers a wide range of statistical techniques, including regression analysis, factor analysis, and time series analysis.
The QIAmp Cador Pathogen Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the rapid and efficient extraction of nucleic acids from various sample types. It utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to purify DNA and RNA from a wide range of pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites.
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SPSS software version 24.0 is a statistical analysis and data management software package developed by IBM. It provides a range of tools for data analysis, including descriptive statistics, bivariate statistics, prediction for numerical outcomes, and prediction for identifying groups. The software is designed to help users analyze and understand complex data sets.
SAS System for Windows, version 9.4 is a software package that provides data management, statistical analysis, and reporting capabilities. It is designed to run on Microsoft Windows operating systems.
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The Salivette is a device for the collection of saliva samples. It consists of a centrifugation tube with an insert that holds a swab to be placed in the mouth for saliva absorption. The collected saliva can then be extracted from the swab by centrifugation.
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The Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer is a lab instrument that provides automated analysis of DNA, RNA, and protein samples. It uses microfluidic technology to separate and detect these biomolecules with high sensitivity and resolution.
A comprehensive Oral Examination typically involves a visual inspection of the teeth, gums, tongue, and overall oral cavity, as well as the use of X-rays and other diagnostic tools. This allows the dental professional to check for signs of tooth decay, gum disease, and other potential oral health issues.
It is generally recommended to have a routine Oral Examination every six months to ensure good oral hygiene and the early detection of any problems. However, the frequency may vary depending on your individual oral health status and risk factors.
Regular Oral Examinations help maintain good oral health, prevent future complications, and promote overall well-being. They allow for the early detection and treatment of dental issues, which can save time, money, and unnecessary discomfort in the long run.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven analysis can help researchers and dental professionals identify the most effective Oral Examination protocols from the literature. The platform allows you to screen protocol information more efficiently and pinpoint critical insights that can help you choose the best options for reproducibility and accuracy in your research or clinical practice.
One of the main challenges with Oral Examination protocols is ensuring consistency and reproducibility across different practitioners and research studies. PubCompare.ai can assist by highlighting key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling you to select the most robust and reliable approach for your specific needs.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven analysis can help researchers and dental professionals identify the most effective Oral Examination protocols from the literature, including peer-reviewed studies, preprints, and patents. This can lead to improved reproducibility, accuracy, and overall research quality when it comes to Oral Examination procedures.
More about "Oral Examination"
Comprehensive Oral Evaluation, Dental Checkup, Dentofacial Examination, Dental Screening, Oral Health Assessment, Dental Inspection, Dental Diagnostic Procedures, Oral Cavity Evaluation, Dentist Examination, Dental Inspection.
An oral examination is a thorough assessment of the teeth, gums, tongue, and overall oral cavity, often conducted by a dental professional.
This comprehensive process evaluates an individual's oral health and identifies potential issues or concerns.
The examination may include visual inspection, x-rays, and other diagnostic tools to detect signs of tooth decay, gum disease, or other oral health problems.
Regular oral examinations are recommended to ensure early detection and treatment of any dental or oral issues, promoting good oral hygiene and overall health and well-being.
Utilizing the PubCompare.ai AI-driven protocol comparison tool can help identify the optimal protocols and products for your oral examination needs, enhancing reproducibility and research accuracy.
Whether using the PCP-UNC 15, UNC-15 periodontal probe, or analyzing saliva samples with the QIAmp Cador Pathogen Mini Kit and Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer, PubCompare.ai can help streamline your oral examination process and take it to the next level.
Experience the power of AI-driven analysis to optimize your oral health research and procedures, leveraging tools like SAS 9.4, SPSS software version 24.0, and the SAS System for Windows to ensure accurate and efficient data analysis.
