Immunoassay
These assays leverage the high specificity and sensitivity of antigen-antibody interactions to identify and measure substances such as proteins, hormones, drugs, and other biomolecules.
Immunoassays play a crucial role in clinical diagnostics, drug development, environmental monitoring, and basic research, enabling the precise detection and measurement of analytes at low concentrations.
The versatility and reliability of immunoassay methods have made them an indispensable tool for researchers and clinicans across many fields.
Optimizing immunoassay protocols is vital to ensurre accurate, reproducible results, which is where PubCompare.ai can help by providing AI-driven analyses to identify the most effective products and methods for immunoassay optimization.
Most cited protocols related to «Immunoassay»
Blood samples for A1C were obtained at baseline and monthly for 3 months. The blood samples were frozen at −80° C and were sent on dry ice by overnight shipment to the central laboratory. Samples were analyzed with four different DCCT-aligned assays, including a high-performance liquid chromatography assay (Tosoh G7; Tosoh Bioscience, Tokyo, Japan), two immunoassays (Roche A1C and Roche Tina-quant; Roche Diagnostics), and an affinity assay (Primus Ultra-2; Primus Diagnostics, Kansas City, MO). The mean A1C value was used. The laboratory assays were approved by the National Glycohemoglobin Study Program (10 (link)) and have intra- and interassay coefficients of variation <2.5% for low and high values. The assays were highly intercorrelated with R2 values of 0.99 and slopes of ∼1.0 and intercepts between 0.01 and 0.18. Any samples that demonstrated “aging peaks” on high-performance liquid chromatography, evidence of degradation during storage and/or shipment, were considered unacceptable for analysis. One center in Asia was unable to store samples acceptably, resulting in samples that could not be assayed for A1C. The center was eliminated from the study.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike and RBD IgG were measured by a multiplex immunoassay on the MSD platform at PPD Laboratories. The assay sequences were based on the ancestral sequences from Wuhan, China. Antigen information and sequence information are provided in Supplementary Table
Antibody neutralization was measured with a lentivirus-based pseudovirus particle expressing the D614 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The pseudovirus neutralizing antibody assay was validated at Monogram Biosciences. Validation included accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, linearity, specificity/selectivity, sensitivity, and stability utilizing pooled sera from high-titer, intermediate-titer, and low-titer pooled convalescent SARS-CoV-2 sera, as well as historical negative samples collected in the year 2017 (prior to SARS-CoV-2 circulation). The LLOQ for pseudovirus neutralizing antibody is 40 (ID50).
Antibody neutralization was also measured by a live microneutralization assay using the Victoria/01/2020 strain of the virus (Public Health England). Qualification of the assay included assessment of specificity, parallelism, dilutional linearity, repeatability, intermediate precision, and assessment of the assay range. A formal validation has since been completed (after the testing of clinical study samples in this manuscript). Normalized values (NF50) were used for the main analyses, as the normalization process removes the plate-to-plate variability and normalized values are more highly correlated with binding antibody and pseudovirus neutralization assays. However, normalized values cannot be converted into WHO standard units. A sensitivity analysis is provided in Supplementary Table
Due to the limitations of laboratory capacity, fewer samples were tested for virus neutralization than were tested using the quicker multiplex assay.
Most recents protocols related to «Immunoassay»
Example 9
To evaluate in vivo drug exposure and bioavailability, a single dose pharmacokinetic study in mice is performed. Romosozumab PARG (SEQ ID NO: 8) C-terminal variant is injected either intravenously (via tail vein) or subcutaneously at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Using nine animals per group, staggered sampling permits collection of data at a large number of time points without exceeding the maximum volume of blood that can be drawn from an individual animal. At each time point, 0.05 ml of blood is drawn. Animals 1 to 3 are sampled at 0.083, 24, 96 and 192 hours post-dose. Animals 4-6 are sampled at 1, 48, 168 and 240 hours. Animals 7-9 are sampled at 6, 72 and 192 hours. Serum is collected from the whole blood sample and test article concentration is determined by a binding immunoassay such as an ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbant Assay). Changes in test article concentration over time can be used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters via two compartment analysis. Parameters of interest include, but not limited to, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), half-life (t1/2) and clearance (CL) for each dose group. Bioavailability can be determined as the ratio of AUC for the subcutaneous dose to the AUC for the intravenous dose.
Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions
Open the protocol to access the free full text link
According to previous studies in the Chinese population (38 (link), 39 (link)), metabolic disturbances and thyroid dysfunction were defined as follows: (1) overweight or obesity: BMI≥24; (2) hyperglycemia: glucose≥6.1mmol/L; (3) hypertension: SBP≥140 mmHg and/or DBP≥90mmHg; (4) hypertriglyceridemia: TG≥2.3 mmol/L; (5) low HDL: HDL-C ≤ 1.0 mmol/L; (6) hypercholesterolemia: TC≥6.2 mmol/L or LDL-C≥4.1 mmol/L; (7)abnormal TgAb: TgAb≥115 IU/L; (8) abnormal TPOAb: TPOAb ≥34 IU/L; (9) subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH): TSH >4.2 mIU/L with normal fT4 concentration (10–23 pmol/L); (10) hyperthyroidism: TSH<0.27 mIU/L and FT4 >23 pmol/L, and (11) hypothyroidism: TSH >4.2 mIU/L with low FT4 concentration (<10 pmol/L).
After signing informed consent, the women were asked about their sociodemographic, obstetrics and clinical data, including age, parity, educational level, residence of antenatal attendance and history of miscarriage and preeclampsia/hypertension. Body mass index (BMI) was computed from the measured weight and height.
Then, 5 mL of blood was collected from each subject at the diagnosis and separated into two equal aliquots for blood and serum analysis. Haemoglobin levels were measured using a modern haematology analyser (Sysmex KX21n, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The blood was then centrifuged and stored at −20°C until the assay of these elements. Serum ferritin was determined using the ferritin chemiluminescent immunoassay sandwich method [TOSOH instrument (AIA360), Japan]. Serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were measured using a colorimetric assay (Roche Diagnostics, Germany Cobas 311). Serum hepcidin and IL-6 concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany).
The sample included 60 women in each group (ratio of 1:1) and was calculated using mean difference of 5 in the iron levels between the women who had preeclampsia and the healthy controls as reported before (Duvan et al., 2015 (link)). The sample size was used to achieve 80% power and a precision of 5%. It was assumed that 10% of the women would not respond or would provide incomplete data.
Top products related to «Immunoassay»
More about "Immunoassay"
These assays play a crucial role in clinical diagnostics, drug development, environmental monitoring, and basic research, enabling precise quantification of target substances even at low concentrations.
The versatility and reliability of immunoassay methods have made them an indispensable tool for researchers and clinicians across many fields.
Optimizing immunoassay protocols is vital to ensure accurate and reproducible results, which is where PubCompare.ai can help.
This AI-driven platform provides analyses to identify the most effective products and methods for immunoassay optimization.
Some common immunoassay instruments and technologies used in research and clinical settings include the Cobas e601, Cobas e411, Bio-Plex 200 system, Elecsys 2010, ProcartaPlex™ Multiplex Immunoassay, Cobas e411 analyzer, Cobas 8000, Cobas 6000, and Immulite 2000.
These systems leverage electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and other advanced techniques to deliver reliable, high-throughput immunoassay results.
By leveraging PubCompare.ai's AI-driven analyses, researchers and clinicians can easily locate the best immunoassay protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and identify the most effective products and methods to improve the reliability and reproducibility of their assay results.
This indispensable tool helps streamline the immunoassay optimization process and enhance research productivity.