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Immunoassay

Immunoassay is a widely used analytical technique that employs antibodies or antigen-specific binding proteins to detect and quantify target analytes in a variety of biological samples.
These assays leverage the high specificity and sensitivity of antigen-antibody interactions to identify and measure substances such as proteins, hormones, drugs, and other biomolecules.
Immunoassays play a crucial role in clinical diagnostics, drug development, environmental monitoring, and basic research, enabling the precise detection and measurement of analytes at low concentrations.
The versatility and reliability of immunoassay methods have made them an indispensable tool for researchers and clinicans across many fields.
Optimizing immunoassay protocols is vital to ensurre accurate, reproducible results, which is where PubCompare.ai can help by providing AI-driven analyses to identify the most effective products and methods for immunoassay optimization.

Most cited protocols related to «Immunoassay»

The full details of the implementation of the INNO-BIA Alz Bio3 immunoassay reagents on the Luminex analytical platform are described elsewhere [29 (link), 42 ]. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are used in this assay, and the production process for the immunoassay kits includes in current production processes assurance of lot-to-lot consistency. These tests are relative quantitative assays for CSF Aβ1–42, t-tau and p-tau181 since no international reference standards for the analytes prepared in CSF are available. Each participating center used the same INNO-BIA AlzBio3 immunoassay kit (assay lot # 157353 and calibrator lot # 157379), provided for the study by Innogenetics, Ghent, Belgium. The kit reagents include a mixture of three xMAP color-coded carboxylated microspheres, each containing a bead set coupled with well-characterized capture mAbs specific for Aβ1–42 (4D7A3; bead region 56), t-tau (AT120; bead region 2) or p-tau181 (AT270; bead region 69), and a vial with analyte-specific biotinylated detector mAbs (3D6 for Aβ1–42 and HT7 for t-tau or p-tau181). Ready-to-use vials containing pre-determined calibrator concentrations for the three analytes were provided. Calibration curves were produced for each biomarker using aqueous buffered solutions that contained the combination of three bio-markers at concentrations ranging from 56 to 1,948 pg/mL for recombinant t-tau, 27–1,574 pg/mL for synthetic Aβ1–42 and 8–230 pg/mL for a synthetic tau peptide phosphorylated at the threonine 181 position (the p-tau181 standard; numbering according to the longest tau isoforms [13 (link)]). In addition to the calibrators, the immunoassay kit includes two quality control samples, produced in aqueous diluent, with pre-defined acceptable concentration ranges for the three biomarkers.
Publication 2011
Biological Assay Biological Markers Immunoassay Microspheres Monoclonal Antibodies Peptides Protein Isoforms Threonine
Interviews were conducted by trained research staff in a private setting and data were recorded anonymously, unaccompanied by any unique identifiers. Subjects were first asked the single screening question, “How many times in the past year have you used an illegal drug or used a prescription medication for non-medical reasons?” (where a response of ≥1 is considered positive). If asked to clarify the meaning of “non-medical reasons”, the research associate added "for instance because of the experience or feeling it caused”. After subjects responded to the single screening question, they were asked if they had ever experienced any of a list of problems related to drug use. For this we modified the previously described Short Inventory of Problems-Alcohol and Drug (SIP-AD) questionnaire, which asks about problems ever experienced in the subject’s lifetime related to alcohol or drug use8 (link). We modified this by eliminating the word alcohol from the questions, a modification we hereafter refer to as the Short Inventory of Problems- Drug Use (SIP-DU). In a separate analysis (but in these subjects) we determined the reliability and validity of the SIP-DU as a measure of drug use consequences 9 . The computerized version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) Substance Abuse Module was used for the assessment of current (12-month) drug use disorders 10 . This structured interview yields a Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnosis of drug abuse or dependence. In addition, as part of the CIDI, subjects were asked detailed questions about current (past year) use of illicit drugs (marijuana, cocaine, heroin, stimulants or hallucinogens) and non-medical use of prescription drugs. Following the interview subjects were asked to undergo oral fluid testing for the presence of common drugs of abuse (opiates, benzodiazepines, cocaine, methamphetamines, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Once collected, oral fluid was sent to an outside laboratory for analysis using methodology that yields results comparable to urine drug screening (Intercept™ immunoassay, OraSure Technologies, Bethlehem, PA)11 (link)–14 (link). In order to aid in the interpretation of drug test results subjects had been asked, as part of the interview, if they had recently been prescribed any drugs from a list of opiates or benzodiazepines. Because this question was added to the questionnaire during the study, responses were missing from 23 subjects who underwent oral fluid testing. Subjects were not told that they would be asked to undergo drug testing until the interview was complete. After completing the interview, they were compensated and thanked for their participation. They were then asked to undergo oral fluid testing and a second informed consent process was completed. Following the single drug screening question, but before the other assessments, the 10-item Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10) was administered for comparison 4 (link). As part of a parallel study on screening for unhealthy alcohol use, subjects were also asked a single alcohol screening question (preceding the drug screening question), two other brief alcohol screening questionnaires and a calendar based assessment of past-month alcohol consumption (all after the drug screen and prior to the CIDI) 7 (link).
Publication 2010
Alcohol Problem Benzodiazepines Cannabis sativa Central Nervous System Stimulants Cocaine Diagnosis Dronabinol Drug Use Disorders Ethanol Hallucinogens Heroin Illicit Drugs Immunoassay Methamphetamine Opiate Alkaloids Pharmaceutical Preparations Substance Abuse Substance Abuse Detection Urine
Measures of glycemia included continuous interstitial glucose monitoring (CGM) (CGMS; Medtronic Minimed, Northridge, CA), which measures glucose levels every 5 min and was performed for at least 2 days at baseline and then every 4 weeks during the next 12 weeks. For calibration purposes and as an independent measure of glycemia, subjects performed eight-point (premeal, 90 min postmeal, prebed, and at 3:00 a.m.) self-monitoring of capillary glucose with the HemoCue blood glucose meter (Hemocue Glucose 201 Plus; Hemocue, Ángelholm, Sweden) during the 2 days of CGM. As a third and independent measure of glycemia, subjects were asked to perform seven-point (same as the eight-point profile above without the 3:00 a.m. measurement) fingerstick capillary glucose monitoring (OneTouch Ultra; Lifescan, Milipitas, CA) for at least 3 days per week, at times when CGM was not being performed, for the duration of the study. The results from the CGM and fingerstick monitoring were downloaded from their respective meters and exported to the data coordinating center. To be acceptable for analysis, the CGM data had to include at least one successful 24-h profile out of the 2–3 days of monitoring with no gaps >120 min and a mean absolute difference compared with the Hemocue calibration results <18%, as recommended by the manufacturer.
Blood samples for A1C were obtained at baseline and monthly for 3 months. The blood samples were frozen at −80° C and were sent on dry ice by overnight shipment to the central laboratory. Samples were analyzed with four different DCCT-aligned assays, including a high-performance liquid chromatography assay (Tosoh G7; Tosoh Bioscience, Tokyo, Japan), two immunoassays (Roche A1C and Roche Tina-quant; Roche Diagnostics), and an affinity assay (Primus Ultra-2; Primus Diagnostics, Kansas City, MO). The mean A1C value was used. The laboratory assays were approved by the National Glycohemoglobin Study Program (10 (link)) and have intra- and interassay coefficients of variation <2.5% for low and high values. The assays were highly intercorrelated with R2 values of 0.99 and slopes of ∼1.0 and intercepts between 0.01 and 0.18. Any samples that demonstrated “aging peaks” on high-performance liquid chromatography, evidence of degradation during storage and/or shipment, were considered unacceptable for analysis. One center in Asia was unable to store samples acceptably, resulting in samples that could not be assayed for A1C. The center was eliminated from the study.
Publication 2008
BLOOD Blood Glucose Capillaries Diagnosis Dry Ice Freezing Glucose Hemoglobin, Glycosylated High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Immunoassay Methamphetamine
Acute- and convalescent-phase serum samples were tested by IgG ELISA with ZIKV antigen as described for detection of IgG to arboviruses (12 (link)). Samples were also tested by IgM ELISA as described with the following viral antigens: ZIKV, DENV 1–4 mixture, yellow fever virus (YFV), Japanese encephalitis virus, and Murray Valley encephalitis virus (13 (link)). Testing for IgM to West Nile virus (WNV) and St. Louis encephalitis virus was performed by using a microsphere immunoassay (14 (link)). Ratios of patient optical density values to negative control values (P/Ns) were calculated for IgG and IgM ELISAs. Values >3 were considered positive, and values 2–3 were considered equivocal. Neutralizing antibody titers were determined by using a PRNT with a 90% cut-off value (15 (link)).
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Publication 2008
Antibodies, Neutralizing Antigens Antigens, Viral Arboviruses Encephalitis Virus, Murray Valley Encephalitis Viruses Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Immunoassay Microspheres Patients Serum Virus, Japanese Encephalitis Vision West Nile virus Yellow fever virus Zika Virus
A proportion of serum samples from vaccine recipients at PB28 were tested on 3 different assays with 4 assay readouts. All NAAT+ cases were tested if sample volume allowed, and a proportion of noncases were tested. Samples were tested blinded to case status. The data from noncases were obtained first, and consisted mainly of the samples processed for the initial application for emergency use which needed 15% of samples included in the efficacy cohort to be processed on validated assays. Subsequent to this NAAT+ cases were sent for testing as they occurred, if not already including the 15%. We assume the mechanism of missingness for samples that were not tested to be missing at random39 (link). To account for the missing data, factors associated with sample availability were controlled as weights in the analysis (see ‘Correlates of risk’ and ‘Inverse probability weighting’ below).
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike and RBD IgG were measured by a multiplex immunoassay on the MSD platform at PPD Laboratories. The assay sequences were based on the ancestral sequences from Wuhan, China. Antigen information and sequence information are provided in Supplementary Table 1. Assay validation included precision and ruggedness, dilutional linearity, selectivity, and relative accuracy for each SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Post-validation studies for stability and for conversion to the WHO standard, as well as the establishment of a cut-point, were performed. The lower limit of quantifications (LLOQs) for anti-spike and anti-RBD are 33 and 204 AU/ml, respectively.
Antibody neutralization was measured with a lentivirus-based pseudovirus particle expressing the D614 SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The pseudovirus neutralizing antibody assay was validated at Monogram Biosciences. Validation included accuracy, repeatability, intermediate precision, linearity, specificity/selectivity, sensitivity, and stability utilizing pooled sera from high-titer, intermediate-titer, and low-titer pooled convalescent SARS-CoV-2 sera, as well as historical negative samples collected in the year 2017 (prior to SARS-CoV-2 circulation). The LLOQ for pseudovirus neutralizing antibody is 40 (ID50).
Antibody neutralization was also measured by a live microneutralization assay using the Victoria/01/2020 strain of the virus (Public Health England). Qualification of the assay included assessment of specificity, parallelism, dilutional linearity, repeatability, intermediate precision, and assessment of the assay range. A formal validation has since been completed (after the testing of clinical study samples in this manuscript). Normalized values (NF50) were used for the main analyses, as the normalization process removes the plate-to-plate variability and normalized values are more highly correlated with binding antibody and pseudovirus neutralization assays. However, normalized values cannot be converted into WHO standard units. A sensitivity analysis is provided in Supplementary Table 4 using non-normalized values (ND50), which are also presented as IU/ml using the WHO standard, but are less highly correlated with other assays. The LLOQ of the assay is 58 (ND50) and 8.6 (NF50).
Due to the limitations of laboratory capacity, fewer samples were tested for virus neutralization than were tested using the quicker multiplex assay.
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Publication 2021
Antibodies, Neutralizing Antigens Biological Assay Emergencies Genetic Selection Hypersensitivity Immunoassay Immunoglobulins Lentivirinae SARS-CoV-2 Serum spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Strains Technique, Dilution Vaccines Virus

Most recents protocols related to «Immunoassay»

Example 9

To evaluate in vivo drug exposure and bioavailability, a single dose pharmacokinetic study in mice is performed. Romosozumab PARG (SEQ ID NO: 8) C-terminal variant is injected either intravenously (via tail vein) or subcutaneously at a dose of 1 mg/kg. Using nine animals per group, staggered sampling permits collection of data at a large number of time points without exceeding the maximum volume of blood that can be drawn from an individual animal. At each time point, 0.05 ml of blood is drawn. Animals 1 to 3 are sampled at 0.083, 24, 96 and 192 hours post-dose. Animals 4-6 are sampled at 1, 48, 168 and 240 hours. Animals 7-9 are sampled at 6, 72 and 192 hours. Serum is collected from the whole blood sample and test article concentration is determined by a binding immunoassay such as an ELISA (Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbant Assay). Changes in test article concentration over time can be used to calculate pharmacokinetic parameters via two compartment analysis. Parameters of interest include, but not limited to, area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC), half-life (t1/2) and clearance (CL) for each dose group. Bioavailability can be determined as the ratio of AUC for the subcutaneous dose to the AUC for the intravenous dose.

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Patent 2024
Animals BLOOD Blood Volume Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Immunoassay Mice, House Pharmaceutical Preparations Plasma romosozumab Serum Tail Veins

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Publication 2023
angiogen Angiogenesis Factor Biological Assay Cytokine Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Epidermal growth factor Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Hypersensitivity IGF1 protein, human IL6 protein, human Immunoassay Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Leptin Proteins Transforming Growth Factor beta Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
Blood samples were collected in the morning after an overnight fast before participants received any medical treatment. Serum levels of free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), antithyroglobulin (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), TC, TG, high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and glucose were assessed. Lipid markers (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C) and glucose were measured on a Cobas E610 (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). Thyroid hormones were assayed on a Roche C6000 Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay Analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN, USA). Measurements were conducted in the laboratory of the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University. The nurses measured the patients’ weight, height, and blood pressure. We calculated body mass index (BMI) according to the following formula: BMI = Weight (kg)/Height (m) 2.
According to previous studies in the Chinese population (38 (link), 39 (link)), metabolic disturbances and thyroid dysfunction were defined as follows: (1) overweight or obesity: BMI≥24; (2) hyperglycemia: glucose≥6.1mmol/L; (3) hypertension: SBP≥140 mmHg and/or DBP≥90mmHg; (4) hypertriglyceridemia: TG≥2.3 mmol/L; (5) low HDL: HDL-C ≤ 1.0 mmol/L; (6) hypercholesterolemia: TC≥6.2 mmol/L or LDL-C≥4.1 mmol/L; (7)abnormal TgAb: TgAb≥115 IU/L; (8) abnormal TPOAb: TPOAb ≥34 IU/L; (9) subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH): TSH >4.2 mIU/L with normal fT4 concentration (10–23 pmol/L); (10) hyperthyroidism: TSH<0.27 mIU/L and FT4 >23 pmol/L, and (11) hypothyroidism: TSH >4.2 mIU/L with low FT4 concentration (<10 pmol/L).
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Publication 2023
anti-thyroglobulin antibody BLOOD Blood Pressure Chinese Diagnosis Glucose High Blood Pressures high density lipoprotein-1 High Density Lipoproteins Hypercholesterolemia Hyperglycemia Hyperthyroidism Hypertriglyceridemia Hypothyroidism Immunoassay Index, Body Mass LDL-1 Liothyronine Lipids Low-Density Lipoproteins Nurses Obesity Patients Serum Thyroid Gland Thyroid Hormones thyroid microsomal antibodies Thyrotropin Thyroxine
Part of the serum obtained from the two groups of the study was used to quantify the level of Anti-S1RBD IgG antibodies. The quantification was performed using the ABBOTT SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant assay (REF# 6S60-22) on an ABBOTT ARCHITECT i1000SR instrument. The assay is an automated, two-step chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay used for qualitative and quantitative determination of IgG antibodies against S1RBD of the SARS-CoV-2 from human serum and plasma. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant calibrator package (REF# 6S60-02) and the SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant control package (REF# 6S60-12) were run on the instrument prior to sample analysis. According to the manufacturer, the cut-off is set at 50.0 AU/mL, and the analytical measuring interval is set between 21.0 (limit of quantification) and 40,000.0 AU/mL (upper limit of quantification). Additional information on performance characteristics of the assay can be found in the manufacturer's manual. Based on the recommendations of the National Institute of Biological Standards and Control (NIBSC) and WHO, the concentrations were converted into Binding antibody units per mL (BAU/mL) through multiplying AU/mL by a factor of 0.142. The corresponding cut-off value becomes 7.1 BAU/mL.
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Publication 2023
Anti-Antibodies Biological Assay Biopharmaceuticals Cell-Derived Microparticles factor A Homo sapiens Immunoassay Immunoglobulin G Immunoglobulins Plasma SARS-CoV-2 Serum
A case-control study was conducted at Saad Abuelela Maternity Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, from June to December 2020. The cases were 60 pregnant women who presented with preeclampsia and have no history of pre-existing hypertension. Preeclampsia was defined as per the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists criteria (ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics, 2020 (link)): pregnant women with onset of new hypertension (an average blood pressure reading of ≥140/90 mmHg taken on two occasions at least six hours apart) with proteinuria (≥ 300 mg/24 h) or features of end organ dysfunction in a previously normotensive woman. Preeclampsia was classified as severe in women with an average blood pressure reading of  ≥ 160/110 mmHg on two occasions or HELLP syndrome, which includes haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count; otherwise, preeclampsia was considered mild (ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics, 2020 (link)). The condition was also categorised as early presentation or late-onset preeclampsia, before and after 34  weeks, respectively (Tranquilli et al., 2013 (link)). Sixty healthy pregnant women without any systemic disease, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal disease or thyroid disease, served as a control for each preeclampsia case. Women with multiple pregnancies, diabetic women, smokers and women with fetuses who had major anomalies or died were excluded from both groups in the study.
After signing informed consent, the women were asked about their sociodemographic, obstetrics and clinical data, including age, parity, educational level, residence of antenatal attendance and history of miscarriage and preeclampsia/hypertension. Body mass index (BMI) was computed from the measured weight and height.
Then, 5 mL of blood was collected from each subject at the diagnosis and separated into two equal aliquots for blood and serum analysis. Haemoglobin levels were measured using a modern haematology analyser (Sysmex KX21n, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The blood was then centrifuged and stored at −20°C until the assay of these elements. Serum ferritin was determined using the ferritin chemiluminescent immunoassay sandwich method [TOSOH instrument (AIA360), Japan]. Serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were measured using a colorimetric assay (Roche Diagnostics, Germany Cobas 311). Serum hepcidin and IL-6 concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany).
The sample included 60 women in each group (ratio of 1:1) and was calculated using mean difference of 5 in the iron levels between the women who had preeclampsia and the healthy controls as reported before (Duvan et al., 2015 (link)). The sample size was used to achieve 80% power and a precision of 5%. It was assumed that 10% of the women would not respond or would provide incomplete data.
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Publication 2023
Biological Assay BLOOD Blood Pressure Colorimetry Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Enzymes Ferritin Fetus Gynecologist HELLP Syndrome Hemoglobin Hemolysis Hepcidin High Blood Pressures Immunoassay Index, Body Mass Iron Kidney Diseases Liver Obstetrician Platelet Counts, Blood Pre-Eclampsia Pregnancy Pregnant Women Prehypertension Serum Spontaneous Abortion Thyroid Diseases Woman

Top products related to «Immunoassay»

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The Cobas e601 is an automated immunochemistry analyzer used for in vitro diagnostic testing. It is designed to perform a wide range of immunoassay tests, including those for hormones, tumor markers, and infectious diseases. The Cobas e601 utilizes electrochemiluminescence technology to provide accurate and reliable results.
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The Cobas e411 is a compact and fully automated immunoassay analyzer designed for clinical laboratory settings. It is capable of performing a wide range of immunoassay tests, including those for hormones, therapeutic drug monitoring, and infectious disease markers. The Cobas e411 is known for its reliability, ease of use, and efficient throughput.
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The Bio-Plex 200 system is a multiplex immunoassay platform that allows for the simultaneous detection and quantification of multiple analytes in a single sample. The system utilizes fluorescently-labeled magnetic beads and a dual-laser detection system to perform high-throughput, multiplexed analyses.
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The Elecsys 2010 is an automated immunoassay analyzer used for the in vitro determination of various analytes in biological samples. It is designed for high-throughput testing and offers precise and reliable results.
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The ProcartaPlex™ Multiplex Immunoassay is a high-throughput technology that allows for the simultaneous measurement of multiple analytes in a single sample. It utilizes magnetic bead-based technology to provide a sensitive and quantitative analysis of target proteins or other biomolecules.
Sourced in Germany, Switzerland, United States, Japan, France
The Cobas e411 analyzer is a fully automated, random-access immunoassay analyzer designed for clinical diagnostics. It is capable of performing a variety of immunoassay tests to aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of various medical conditions.
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The Cobas 8000 is a modular, automated in-vitro diagnostic system designed for high-throughput clinical chemistry and immunochemistry testing. It is used to perform a wide range of laboratory tests, including those for chemistry, immunoassay, and electrolyte analysis. The Cobas 8000 is capable of processing a large volume of samples efficiently and accurately.
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The Cobas 6000 is an automated clinical chemistry and immunoassay analyzer system designed for high-volume laboratory testing. It combines the features of two separate instruments, the Cobas c 501 module for clinical chemistry and the Cobas e 601 module for immunoassays, into a single integrated platform. The Cobas 6000 system is capable of performing a wide range of diagnostic tests, including biochemical, immunological, and specialty assays.
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The Immulite 2000 is an automated immunoassay analyzer designed for in vitro diagnostic testing. It is capable of performing a variety of immunoassay tests, including those for hormones, proteins, and other analytes. The system utilizes chemiluminescent technology for detection and provides automated sample handling, reagent management, and result reporting.
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ECLIA (Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassay) is a laboratory technique used for the detection and quantification of various analytes, such as hormones, proteins, and other biomolecules. The core function of ECLIA is to perform immunoassays, a type of biochemical test that uses antibodies to detect and measure the presence and concentration of specific substances in a sample.

More about "Immunoassay"

Immunoassays are a widely-used analytical technique that leverage the specificity and sensitivity of antigen-antibody interactions to detect and measure a variety of biomolecules, including proteins, hormones, drugs, and other analytes.
These assays play a crucial role in clinical diagnostics, drug development, environmental monitoring, and basic research, enabling precise quantification of target substances even at low concentrations.
The versatility and reliability of immunoassay methods have made them an indispensable tool for researchers and clinicians across many fields.
Optimizing immunoassay protocols is vital to ensure accurate and reproducible results, which is where PubCompare.ai can help.
This AI-driven platform provides analyses to identify the most effective products and methods for immunoassay optimization.
Some common immunoassay instruments and technologies used in research and clinical settings include the Cobas e601, Cobas e411, Bio-Plex 200 system, Elecsys 2010, ProcartaPlex™ Multiplex Immunoassay, Cobas e411 analyzer, Cobas 8000, Cobas 6000, and Immulite 2000.
These systems leverage electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) and other advanced techniques to deliver reliable, high-throughput immunoassay results.
By leveraging PubCompare.ai's AI-driven analyses, researchers and clinicians can easily locate the best immunoassay protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and identify the most effective products and methods to improve the reliability and reproducibility of their assay results.
This indispensable tool helps streamline the immunoassay optimization process and enhance research productivity.