> Procedures > Laboratory Procedure > Immunochromatographic Assay

Immunochromatographic Assay

Q: What are the common applications of Immunochromatographic Assays?

Immunochromatographic Assays are widely used in a variety of applications, including: - Point-of-care diagnostics for infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19, influenza, HIV, malaria) - Screening for drugs of abuse - Monitoring of environmental contaminants - Detection of food-borne pathogens - Pregnancy and fertility testing - Veterinary diagnostics

Immunochromatographic Assay: A rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic technique that combines the principles of immunoassay and chromatography.
This method allows for the qualitative or semi-quantitative detection of target analytes, such as proteins, antibodies, or other biomolecules, in a sample.
The assay typically involves the use of a test strip that contains a membrane coated with capture reagents, which interact with the target analyte and produce a visible signal, often in the form of a colored line or band.
Immunochromatographic assays are widely used in point-of-care testing, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring due to their ease of use, fast turnaround time, and portability.
This technique is particularly useful for the detection of infectious diseases, drug abuse, pregnancy, and other health conditions.

Most cited protocols related to «Immunochromatographic Assay»

Evaluation of Dual HIV/Syphilis RDTs

As part of the World Health Organization (WHO) pre-qualification of in vitro diagnostics assessment, four dual HIV/Syphilis RDTs were evaluated between 2014 and 2016 by WHO at the Institute of Tropical Medicine (Antwerp, Belgium). SD Bioline HIV/Syphilis Duo (Standard Diagnostics, Republic of Korea, product number 06FK30; version instructions for use (IFU) 2013/05), DPP HIV-Syphilis Assay (Chembio Diagnostic Systems, United States, product number 659525; version IFU 10–6307-0Rev1) and Multiplo Rapid TP/HIV Antibody Test (Medmira, Canada, product number 815311005145; version IFU MPSIPYZIS0002EN Rev3/1) were evaluated simultaneously. The evaluation of Insti Multiplex HIV-1/HIV-2/Syphilis Antibody Test (bioLytical Laboratories, Canada, product number 90–1032; version IFU 50-1143E) was performed at a later time point. The SD Bioline and the DPP assay are lateral flow (immunochromatographic) RDTs while Multiplo and INSTI are RDTs based on the flow through (immunofiltration) principle. All assays were performed by one operator (blinded to the reference results) according to the manufacturer’s instructions for use (IFU). The test characteristics of the assays are described in Table 1.Table 1

Test characteristics

	SD Bioline HIV/Syphilis Duo	DPP HIV-Syphilis Assay	Multiplo Rapid TP/HIV Antibody Test	Insti Multiplex HIV-1/HIV-2/Syphilis Antibody Test
Type of assay	Lateral flow immunochromatographic assay	Lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (dual path platform)	Vertical flow immunofiltration immunoassay (flow through)	Vertical flow immunofiltration immunoassay (flow through)
Specimen	Serum, plasma, whole blood	Serum, plasma, whole blood	Serum, plasma, whole blood	Serum, plasma, whole blood
Volume required	10 μl of serum/plasma	10 μl of serum/plasma	1 drop of whole blood/serum/plasma (35-40 μl)	50 μl of whole blood/serum/plasma
Volume required	20 μl of whole blood	1 sample loop or 10 μl of whole blood	1 drop of whole blood/serum/plasma (35-40 μl)	50 μl of whole blood/serum/plasma
Time to results	15–20 min	15–25 min	Once all fluid is absorbed	Immediately after adding the Clarifying Solution
			(+/− 3 min)	Immediately after adding the Clarifying Solution
			(+/− 3 min)	(+/− 1–2 min)
Equipment	Timer	Timer	None	None
HIV component	HIV-1/2 recombinant antigens (gp41, gp36 and HIV-1 group O)	HIV-1/2 recombinant antigens (not specified)	HIV-1/2 synthetic peptides (gp36, gp41, gp120 and HIV-1 group O)	HIV-1/2 recombinant antigens (gp41, gp36)
TP component	Recombinant antigen (17 kDa)	IgG/IgM recombinant antigen (not specified)	IgG/IgM recombinant antigens (15 kDa, 17 kDa, 47 kDa)	Recombinant fusion proteins derived from p17 and p47 domains
Steps to perform	Add the specimen.	Add the specimen to the Sample Tainer (with buffer), mix.	Add 3 drops of buffer to the device.	Add the specimen to the Sample diluent vial, mix.
	Add 3 drops of diluent.	Add the specimen to the Sample Tainer (with buffer), mix.	Add the specimen.	Add the specimen to the Sample diluent vial, mix.
		Add 2 drops to the test device at Well 1.	Place the InstantGoldCap.	Add the content of this vial to the device.
		Add 4 drops of buffer to the test device at Well 2.	Add 12 drops of buffer.	Add the Colour Developer.
			Remove the InstantGoldCap.	Add the Clarifying Solution.
			Add 3 drops of buffer.	Add the Clarifying Solution.
Result interpretation	Clear	Clear	Clear	There is no marker on the devices to indicate the position of the HIV, syphilis and control dot.

Van Den Heuvel A., Smet H., Prat I., Sands A., Urassa W., Fransen K, & Crucitti T. (2019). Laboratory evaluation of four HIV/syphilis rapid diagnostic tests. BMC Infectious Diseases, 19, 1.

Publication 2019

Antibodies Antigens Biological Assay Buffers Diagnosis HIV-1 HIV-2 HIV Antibodies HIV Envelope Protein gp120 Immunoassay Immunochromatographic Assay Immunochromatography Medical Devices O Antigens Peptides Plasma Recombinant Fusion Proteins Rhabdoid Tumor Serum Syphilis Syphilis Serodiagnosis

Acute RSV Infection and Environmental Factors

All patients younger than 2 years who referred to Paediatric Emergency Unit of S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital of Bologna (Italy) for suspected acute RSV infection during 3 consecutive winter seasons from September to April (2007–2008, 2008–2009, 2009–2010) were included.
RSV infection was suspected in presence of fever, cough, respiratory distress with tachypnea, cyanosis, feeding difficulties; RSV rapid test was performed on nasopharyngeal secretions to all infants admitted to the unit presenting these symptoms.
Every week we recorded the number of infants who were tested with BINAX NOW, a rapid immunochromatographic assay for the qualitative detection of RSV fusion protein antigen in nasopharyngeal secretions.
Meteorological data of the geographic area of Bologna (minimum temperature,°C; relative humidity, %) were recorded from Bologna Borgo Panigale meteorological station; data were summarized as mean values for each week.
Air pollution data (PM₁₀ and PM_2,5 mean weekly concentration) of the same area were recorded from Bologna San Felice monitoring station by Bologna Department of the Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA).
Ethics approval was not required for this observational and anonymous study. Consent was obtained for all patients.
Statistical analysis was performed with Microsoft Excel 2010. Pearson’s correlation was used to correlate the weekly number of RSV positive cases with meteorological parameters (mean minimum temperature, mean relative humidity) and air pollutants (PM₁₀ and PM_2,5) mean concentrations. A value of r>0,3 was considered statistically significant.
The number of RSV infections was also correlated to the climatic parameters of the same week (no lag), or one (1-week lag), two (2-week lags) or three (3-week lag) weeks before, aiming to identify a delay in the effect of temperature or humidity on RSV epidemics.
Considering air pollutants, we correlate the weekly number of RSV infections with the mean weekly concentration (μg/m³) of PM₁₀ and PM_2,5 measured in the same week (no lag) and in the previous week (1-week lag) aiming to enlight the short-term effect of air pollutants exposure.

Vandini S., Corvaglia L., Alessandroni R., Aquilano G., Marsico C., Spinelli M., Lanari M, & Faldella G. (2013). Respiratory syncytial virus infection in infants and correlation with meteorological factors and air pollutants. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 39, 1.

Publication 2013

Air Pollutants Air Pollution Antigens Climate Cough Cyanosis Enlight Epidemics Fever Humidity Immunochromatographic Assay Infant Nasopharynx Patients Respiratory Rate Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections Secretions, Bodily Staphylococcal Protein A Youth

Prospective Cohort Study of Post-COVID Complications

After a COVID-19 outbreak in the Falles festival with several mass gathering events (MGEs) in Borriana (Spain) during March 2020 [25 (link)], we followed a population-based prospective cohort of patients until October 2020 [26 (link)] to estimate disease evolution and incidence of complications post-COVID-19, and its relationship with participants ABO blood group. The study was carried by the Public Health Center of Castelló, and the Emergency and Microbiology and Clinical Analysis Services of Hospital de la Plana Vila-real (Spain).
We performed the first study of the COVID-19 outbreak during May–June 2020 through a serological survey and questionnaire interview [25 (link)]; we included 1338 people in the study, and we found 570 COVID-19 patients with 536 patients, laboratory-confirmed tests: electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA) (Elecsys^®, Mannheim, Germany, Anti-SARS-CoV-2, Roche Diagnostics) [27 (link)], in 514 patients, lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFIC), in 15 patients, and reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in 39 patients [25 (link)]. ABO was determined by the gel test (ID-Card ABO/RhD, DiaMed GmbH, Bio-Rad Laboratories Switzerland) [28 (link)].
In October 2020, health staff of the Hospital de la Plana Vila-real, and health centers of Borriana, Vila-real, Onda, and La Vall d’Uixo conducted a telephone interview of each participant to obtain information about their health situation, medical assistance, illness’s evolution, symptoms post-COVID-19, and duration. In addition, we acquired data from the May–June questionnaire on age, sex, weight, height, body mass index (BMI) (kg/m²), occupation, level of physical exercise, smoking habits, consumption of alcohol, chronic illness, and COVID-19 exposures. COVID-19 exposition included the following features: see a person with a cough at MGEs, attendance MGEs ≥ 2, contact with a COVID-19 case, and family with COVID-19 case.

Domènech-Montoliu S., Puig-Barberà J., Pac-Sa M.R., Vidal-Utrillas P., Latorre-Poveda M., Rio-González A.D., Ferrando-Rubert S., Ferrer-Abad G., Sánchez-Urbano M., Aparisi-Esteve L., Badenes-Marques G., Cervera-Ferrer B., Clerig-Arnau U., Dols-Bernad C., Fontal-Carcel M., Gomez-Lanas L., Jovani-Sales D., León-Domingo M.C., Llopico-Vilanova M.D., Moros-Blasco M., Notari-Rodríguez C., Ruíz-Puig R., Valls-López S, & Arnedo-Pena A. (2021). ABO Blood Groups and the Incidence of Complications in COVID-19 Patients: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10039.

Publication 2021

Biological Evolution Cough COVID 19 Diagnosis Disease, Chronic Emergencies Immunoassay Immunochromatographic Assay Index, Body Mass Patients Personnel, Hospital Planum Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction SARS-CoV-2

Rapid Fluorescence-Based Immunoassay for Viral Markers

The AFIAS HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV tests can detect targets using an Eu(III) fluorescence immunochromatography-based lateral flow assay. All measurements were performed using a semi-automated AFIAS involving a disposable test strip. First, 100 µL of each sample was added to the sample pad containing a dried fluorescence-labeled detector antigen or antibody, and the sample was then moved onto the test strip by capillary action. If the target antigen or antibodies were present in the sample, they would react with the fluorescence-conjugated antibody or antigen to form an antibody-antigen complex on the nitrocellulose membrane. Fluorescence intensities of the target markers and control materials were detected using a portable fluorescence reader (AFIAS-6 reader). Fluorescence in the control line of the cartridge indicates adequate sample and capillary movement. AFIAS contains lot-specific information and stored calibration statistics based on the values of serially diluted standard materials. The system can test three strips simultaneously within 20 minutes using 100 µL of each sample. Quality control samples were tested daily to verify test results. The sample results are presented as “positive” (HBsAg ≥1.0, anti-HBs ≥15.0, and anti-HCV ≥1.0), “negative” (HBsAg <0.9, anti-HBs <5.0, and anti-HCV <0.9), or “indeterminate” (0.9 ≤HBsAg <1.0, 5.0 ≤anti-HBs <15, and 0.9 ≤anti-HCV <1.0) in the form of a relative cut-off index (COI).

Ryu J.H., Kwon M., Moon J.D., Hwang M.W., Lee J.M., Park K.H., Yun S.J., Bae H.J., Choi A., Lee H., Jung B., Jeong J., Han K., Kim Y, & Oh E.J. (2018). Development of a Rapid Automated Fluorescent Lateral Flow Immunoassay to Detect Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg), Antibody to HBsAg, and Antibody to Hepatitis C. Annals of Laboratory Medicine, 38(6), 578-584.

Publication 2018

Antibodies Antigens Capillaries Capillary Action Complex, Immune Fluorescence Fluorescent Antibody Technique Hepatitis B Surface Antigens Hepatitis C Antibodies Immunochromatographic Assay Immunoglobulins Movement Nitrocellulose Tissue, Membrane

Comprehensive HIV Incidence Assays Evaluation

All incidence IAs were applied independently in CEPHIA laboratories (at Blood Systems Research Institute, San Francisco and Public Health England, London) using standard operating procedures. The laboratory technicians were trained by the developers and blinded to the specimen background information, and controls were tested regularly to ensure stability of the assays and procedures. Testing protocols are available on the CEPHIA website [14 ].
Five assays have been previously summarized [12 (link)]: LAg aims to describe the avidity of HIV antibodies through a Normalized Optical Density (ODn) [18 (link), 19 ]; BED captures the relative amount of immunoglobulin G that is specific to HIV, also as a Normalized Optical Density (ODn) [20 (link), 21 ]; LS-Vitros quantifies the level of HIV antibodies as a Signal-to-Cutoff (S/C) value [22 (link)]; and Vitros Avidity [22 (link)] and BioRad Avidity [23 ] each measure antibody avidity as an Avidity Index (AI), reported as a percentage.
The Architect Avidity and Geenius assays, which have not been previously described, are summarized below.
Architect Avidity is based on a modification of the ARCHITECT HIV Ag/Ab Combo assay (Abbott Diagnostics; Wiesbaden; Germany) [24 (link), 25 ], which is a chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay for the detection of p24 antigens and HIV-1/2 antibodies. Each specimen is tested in the presence and absence of a chaotropic agent (guanidine), and the ratio of the reactivity (treated to untreated) produces an Avidity Index (AI), with measurements below 80% conventionally interpreted as representing ‘recent’ infection.
The Geenius HIV 1/2 Supplemental Assay (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.; Hercules; CA) is a immunochromatographic assay in the form of a rapid test [26 (link), 27 ]. The amount of HIV antibody that is specific to each of a number of antigens – namely gp36 and gp140 for HIV-2; and p31, gp160, p24 and gp41 for HIV-1 – is reported as a band intensity. For ‘recent’ infection testing, the developer proposes the use of a single summary quantitative measure, equal to the sum of the intensities for p31, gp160 and gp41, divided by the intensity for the control line. Referred to as the Geenius Index (GI), GI values below 1.5 are then interpreted as indicating ‘recent’ infection.

Kassanjee R., Pilcher C.D., Busch M.P., Murphy G., Facente S.N., Keating S.M., Mckinney E., Marson K., Price M.A., Martin J.N., Little S.J., Hecht F.M., Kallas E.G, & Welte A. (2016). Viral Load Criteria and Threshold Optimization to Improve HIV Incidence Assay Characteristics - A CEPHIA Analysis. AIDS (London, England), 30(15), 2361-2371.

Publication 2016

Antibody Avidity Antigens Biological Assay Cell-Derived Microparticles Diagnosis GP 140 Guanidine Hemic System HIV-1 HIV-2 HIV Antibodies HIV Envelope Protein gp160 Immunoassay Immunochromatographic Assay Immunoglobulin G Infection Laboratory Technicians Vision

Most recents protocols related to «Immunochromatographic Assay»

Deoxynivalenol Degradation in Malted Grains

First, 80 mL deionized water was added to 10 g of NIB grains in a beaker and treated directly by BSD ACP for 20 or 30 min to generate PAW bubbles. Ice cubes were placed around the treatment beaker to avoid temperature increase during the direct BSD ACP treatment (treatments A, B). In the indirect treatment (treatment C), 80 mL deionized water was treated with BSD ACP for 30 min and the generated PAW bubbles were used for steeping the NIB grains. To evaluate DON degradation during the malting process, the grains were steeped in PAW bubbles for 5 h, drained for 5 min, and air rested (19 h) at 15 ± 0.3 °C, 78 ± 3% RH after the treatments. The grains were dried at room temperature for 2 days and DON content was determined using Reveal^® Q+ test kits (Neogen, Lansing, MI, USA) based on the single-step lateral flow immunochromatographic assay. The limit of detection and the specificity of the kits for DON were 0.3 ppm, and 100%, respectively. The kits were validated previously by HPLC, and their accuracy confirmed to be >90%. For measuring DON content after direct CJ ACP treatment, 180 mL water was added to 10 g NIB grains inside the treatment chamber (Figure 4B), and the grains were treated for 30 min and 1 h to produce PAW bubbles followed by steeping (5 h overall), draining (5 min), and air rest (19 h) at 15 ± 0.3 °C, 77 ± 4% RH. The grains were then dried, and DON content was determined using Reveal^® Q+ test kits as above.

Feizollahi E., Basu U., Fredua-Agyeman R., Jeganathan B., Tonoyan L., Strelkov S.E., Vasanthan T., Siraki A.G, & Roopesh M.S. (2023). Effect of Plasma-Activated Water Bubbles on Fusarium graminearum, Deoxynivalenol, and Germination of Naturally Infected Barley during Steeping. Toxins, 15(2), 124.

Publication 2023

Cereals Cuboid Bone Fever High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Immunochromatographic Assay

Quantitative Mycotoxin Analysis in Maize

The 500 g maize samples used were those specifically obtained for mycotoxin analysis. Aflatoxin and fumonisin analyses were conducted using AgraStrip^® Total Aflatoxin and Fumonisin quantitative test kits provided by Romer Labs^®, Inc., Union, MO, USA. The AgraStrip^® Total Aflatoxin Quantitative Test is a one-step lateral flow immunochromatographic assay that determines a quantitative level for the presence of total aflatoxin. The AgraStrip^® Total Fumonisin Quantitative Test is a one-step lateral flow immunochromatographic assay that determines a quantitative level for the presence of total fumonisin. In both tests, sample grinding, extraction, solute preparation and test procedures were undertaken in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions (Romer Labs Methods, romerlabs.com (Accessed on 10 February 2020).

Opoku B., Osekre E.A., Opit G., Bosomtwe A, & Bingham G.V. (2023). Evaluation of Hermetic Storage Bags for the Preservation of Yellow Maize in Poultry Farms in Dormaa Ahenkro, Ghana. Insects, 14(2), 141.

Publication 2023

Aflatoxins Fumonisins Immunochromatographic Assay Maize Mycotoxins

Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Evaluation

Panbio^™ COVID-19 Ag rapid test device by Abbott (Lake Country, IL, U.S.A) is a membrane-based immunochromatography assay which detects the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal samples. Collected swabs were transferred into dedicated sample collection tubes containing a lysis buffer provided with the test kit. Samples were processed on site, directly after collection. After 15 minutes of assay initiation, tests were interpreted. The test results were documented on the questionnaire as well as the image of the result window on the test device for processing and analysing the data by the researcher. The laboratory analysts involved in doing RT-qPCR were not informed about the result of the Ag-RDTs.

Eikelenboom-Boskamp A., den Ouden M., de Groot T., Stobernack T., Wertheim H, & Voss A. (2023). Evaluation of the Abbott Panbio™ COVID-19 antigen detection rapid diagnostic test among healthcare workers in elderly care. PLOS ONE, 18(2), e0276244.

Publication 2023

Biological Assay Buffers COVID 19 Immunochromatographic Assay Medical Devices Nasopharynx nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, SARS-CoV-2 Rhabdoid Tumor Specimen Collection Tissue, Membrane

Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales UTI Protocol

We consecutively enrolled all hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with a UTI caused by a CRE strain. Both community-acquired and hospital-acquired (with symptoms onset >48 h after admission) infections were accounted for.
Inclusion criteria: (i) all adult patients (≥18 years), (ii) with a clinical syndrome suggestive of UTI (such as dysuria, fever, urinary incontinence, frequency, suprapubic pain, hematuria, or pain in the lumbar region), (iii) pyuria [≥10 white blood cell count (WBC)/mm³], and (iv) the isolation of an Enterobacterales strain in urine culture [≥10⁵ colony forming units (CFU)/mL)] that presented resistance to at least one carbapenem. We included only one isolate per patient and excluded those with CRE colonization.
For antibiotic susceptibility testing, the disk diffusion method and the Microscan automated antibiogram were used. Isolates resistant to at least one carbapenem (according to the EUCAST criteria) were tested for carbapenemase production using the immunochromatographic test NG-Test^® CARBA5 (NG Biotech, Guipry, France), a rapid test able to simultaneously detect 5 types of carbapenemases: KPC, OXA, VIM, Imipenemases (IMP), or NDM. Numerous studies analyzed the sensitivity and specificity rates of this rapid test with very promising results; for example, Kanahashy et al. reported a sensitivity of 92.3%, a specificity of 100%, and a negative predictive value of 93.1% [61 (link)], with Liu et al. finding similar rates, with a 100% specificity and a 92.1% sensitivity rate [62 (link)]. Additionally, Huang et al. reported a noteworthy sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 99% [63 (link)]. Moreover, for the first 60 isolated strains, we also performed a genotypic test using the Xpert^® CARBA-R test (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA), a PCR test compatible with the GeneXpertR Dx System device, for the detection and differentiation of the bla_KPC, bla_NDM, bla_VIM, bla_OXA-48, bla_OXA-181, and bla_IMP-1 genes, which were associated with resistance to carbapenems.
In addition, for colistin-resistant strains, we used the NG-Test^® MCR-1 immunochromatographic assay (NG Biotech, Guipry, France) to identify the mcr-1 gene. The research group led by Volland et al. developed and validated in 2019 the NG Test^® MCR-1 assay for the rapid detection of the mcr-1 gene by using monoclonal antibodies obtained via the immunization of Biozzi mice in laboratories. Thus, they achieved 100% sensitivity and 98% specificity, and the test demonstrated the ability to detect even mcr-2 genes at a cost of only a slightly lower specificity [64 (link)].

Miftode I.L., Leca D., Miftode R.S., Roşu F., Plesca C., Loghin I., Timpau A.S., Mitu I., Mititiuc I., Dorneanu O, & Miftode E. (2023). The Clash of the Titans: COVID-19, Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacterales, and First mcr-1-Mediated Colistin Resistance in Humans in Romania. Antibiotics, 12(2), 324.

Publication 2023

Adult Antibiogram Antibiotics Biological Assay carbapenemase Carbapenems Colistin Diffusion Dysuria Fever Genes Genotype Hematuria Hypersensitivity Immunochromatographic Assay Immunochromatography Infection Leukocyte Count Low Back Pain Medical Devices Mice, Biozzi Monoclonal Antibodies Pain Patients Strains Susceptibility, Disease Syndrome Urinary Incontinence Urine Vaccination

HIV Rapid Testing in Prison

All subjects who consented for HIV had a rapid HIV test performed at the Kality laboratory. HIV rapid testing followed the standard prison algorithm of sequential testing following the national guidelines [8 ]. I Initial testing used KHB (Shanghai Kehua Bioengineering, Ltd, Shanghai, China) kit [9 ], subsequent confirmation with HIV1/2 STAT-PAK (CHEMBIO Diagnostic systems, Inc., Medford, NY, USA) [10 ] and resolution of discordance with Uni-Gold (Trinity Biotech, Jamestown, NY, USA). All tests used an immunochromatographic assay method with various levels of sensitivity and specificity [11 ] (Table 1).

Sahle E.T., Amogne W., Manyazewal T., Blumenthal J., Jain S., Sun S., Young J., Ellorin E., Woldeamanuel H., Teferra L., Feleke B., Vandenberg O., Rey Z., Briggs-Hagen M., Haubrich R, & McCutchan J.A. (2023). Prevalence of and risk factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in entrants and residents of an Ethiopian prison. PLOS ONE, 18(2), e0271666.

Publication 2023

Diagnosis Gold HIV-1 Immunochromatographic Assay

Top products related to «Immunochromatographic Assay»

Vitek 2 system by bioMérieux

Sourced in France, United States, Germany, Italy, Macao, United Kingdom, Sweden, Belgium, India, Japan, Brazil

The Vitek 2 system is an automated microbiology platform designed for the rapid identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of microorganisms. The system utilizes miniaturized biochemical testing to provide accurate results for a wide range of bacterial and yeast species.

Panbio covid 19 ag rapid test device by Abbott

Sourced in United States, Germany, Switzerland

The Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device is a qualitative lateral flow assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antigens in nasal swab specimens. The device provides results within 15-20 minutes.

Binaxnow by Abbott

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

BinaxNOW is a rapid, antigen test that detects the presence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which causes COVID-19. The test provides results in 15 minutes and can be performed without special equipment or laboratory settings.

Determine hiv 1 2 by Abbott

Sourced in Japan, United States, Ireland, Netherlands, United Kingdom

Determine HIV-1/2 is a laboratory diagnostic test used to detect the presence of antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) types 1 and 2 in human serum or plasma samples. The test utilizes immunoassay technology to provide a qualitative result, indicating whether the sample is reactive or non-reactive for HIV-1 and/or HIV-2 antibodies.

Chromid esbl agar by bioMérieux

Sourced in France, Germany

ChromID ESBL agar is a selective and chromogenic culture medium used for the detection and identification of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae from clinical samples. The medium allows the direct enumeration and presumptive identification of ESBL-producing bacteria based on their distinct colony color.

Asan easy test covid 19 igg igm by Asan Pharmaceutical

The Asan Easy Test® COVID-19 IgG/IgM is a rapid diagnostic test that detects the presence of IgG and IgM antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 virus in human blood, serum, or plasma samples. The test can provide results in 10-15 minutes.

Xpert carba r assay by Cepheid

Sourced in United States, Germany

The Xpert Carba-R assay is a molecular diagnostic test developed by Cepheid. The assay is designed to detect the presence of carbapenemase genes in bacterial isolates. It provides qualitative results, identifying the specific carbapenemase genes detected.

Vitek 2 by bioMérieux

Sourced in France, United States, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom, Canada, Poland, Macao

The Vitek 2 is a compact automated microbiology system designed for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinically significant bacteria and yeasts. The system utilizes advanced colorimetric technology to enable rapid and accurate results for clinical decision-making.

What are the different types of Immunochromatographic Assays?

Immunochromatographic Assays can be classified into several types based on the detection method and the target analyte. Some common types include sandwich assays, competitive assays, and multiplex assays. Sandwich assays detect the presence of a specific antigen by using two antibodies that bind to different epitopes of the target. Competitive assays measure the presence of an analyte by competing with a labeled version of the analyte for binding sites on the capture antibody. Multiplex assays allow for the simultaneous detection of multiple analytes on a single test strip.

What are the common applications of Immunochromatographic Assays?

What are some common challenges in using Immunochromatographic Assays?

While Immunochromatographic Assays are generally easy to use, there are some common challenges that researchers may encounter: - Ensuring proper sample preparation and handling to avoid false positive or negative results - Achieving the desired sensitivity and specificity for the target analyte - Interpreting test results, particularly for semi-quantitative or multiplex assays - Maintaining the stability and shelf-life of the test strips - Integrating Immunochromatographic Assays into existing workflows or automated systems

How can PubCompare.ai help with Immunochromatographic Assay research?

PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can be extremely helpful for researchers working with Immunochromatographic Assays in several ways: 1. Efficient protocol screening: The platform allows you to quickly and effeciently screen through the vast literature on Immunochromatographic Assay protocols, saving time and effort. 2. AI-powered insights: PubCompare.ai's cutting-edge AI algorithms can help identify the most effective and reproducible protocols by highlighting key differences in protocol effectiveness and performance. 3. Optimized research: By leveraging PubCompare.ai's insights, you can choose the best Immunochromatographic Assay protocol for your specific research goals, improving reproducibility and accuracy.

Are there any recent advancements in Immunochromatographic Assay technology?

Yes, there have been several recent advancements in Immunochromatographic Assay technology, including: - Intergration of microfluidics and nanoparticles for enhanced sensitivity and multiplexing - Development of digital readout systems for more quantitative and objective results - Incorporation of machine learning and artificial intelligence for automated analysis and interpretation of test results - Advancements in sample preparation and pretreatment to improve accuracy and reduce interference - Expansion of the range of analytes that can be detected, including proteins, nucleic acids, and small molecules

More about "Immunochromatographic Assay"

Immunochromatographic Assay, also known as lateral flow assay or rapid test, is a powerful diagnostic technique that combines the principles of immunoassay and chromatography.
This method allows for the quick, sensitive, and specific detection of target analytes such as proteins, antibodies, or other biomolecules in a sample.
The assay typically involves the use of a test strip that contains a membrane coated with capture reagents.
When the sample is applied, the target analyte interacts with these capture reagents, producing a visible signal, often in the form of a colored line or band.
This rapid and easy-to-use format makes immunochromatographic assays widely used in point-of-care testing, clinical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring.
Some common examples of immunochromatographic assays include the Vitek 2 system for microbial identification, the Panbio COVID-19 Ag Rapid Test Device for detecting SARS-CoV-2 antigen, the BinaxNOW rapid test for COVID-19, the Determine HIV-1/2 test for HIV detection, the ChromID ESBL agar for identifying extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria, the Asan Easy Test® COVID-19 IgG/IgM for antibody detection, and the Xpert Carba-R assay for identifying carbapenemase-producing organisms.
These rapid tests offer many advantages, such as fast turnaround time, portability, and ease of use, making them invaluable tools in various fields, including infectious disease diagnosis, drug abuse screening, pregnancy testing, and more.
With the continual advancements in this technology, immunochromatographic assays are poised to play an even more significant role in the future of healthcare and environmental monitoring.