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Immunophenotyping

Immunophenotyping is a powerful technique used to identify and characterize cells based on their surface antigen expression.
It plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and monitoring of various hematological and immunological disorders.
This process involves the use of fluorescently-labeled antibodies to detect the presence and abundance of specific cell surface markers, allowing for the precise identification and quantification of different cell populations.
Immunophenotyping is widely employed in fields such as cancer research, transplantation medicine, and autoimmune disease management, providing invaluable insights into the underlying mechanisms of these conditions.
By leveraging the latest advances in flow cytometry and automated analysis tools, immunophenotyping has become an essential tool for researchers and clinicians, enabling more accurate and efficient cell profiling to support their investigatons.

Most cited protocols related to «Immunophenotyping»

1
Whole-Genome Sequencing of ETP-ALL Tumors
Whole-genome sequencing was performed for tumour and normal DNA from 12 children with ETP ALL treated at St Jude Children’s Research Hospital. All cases fulfilled pathologic and immunophenotypic criteria for ETP ALL2 (link). Tumour samples were obtained from diagnostic bone marrow aspirates or peripheral blood, and comprised at least 90% tumour cells. Matched non-tumour samples were obtained from remission blood or bone marrow aspirates with less than 1% leukaemic cells. Recurrence testing was performed using a cohort of 94 childhood T-ALL cases, comprising 52 ETP ALL cases from St Jude, the Children’s Oncology Group and the Associazione Italiana Ematologia de Oncologia Pediatrica (AIEOP), and 42 non-ETP T-ALL cases from St Jude. Whole-genome DNA sequencing was performed using a paired-end sequencing strategy as described in detail in the Supplementary Information. The frequency of the identified mutations in the recurrence cohort was determined using PCR amplification and Sanger sequencing and analysis of single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray data. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of St Jude Children’s Research Hospital and Washington University.
Zhang J., Ding L., Holmfeldt L., Wu G., Heatley S.L., Payne-Turner D., Easton J., Chen X., Wang J., Rusch M., Lu C., Chen S.C., Wei L., Collins-Underwood J.R., Ma J., Roberts K.G., Pounds S.B., Ulyanov A., Becksfort J., Gupta P., Huether R., Kriwacki R.W., Parker M., McGoldrick D.J., Zhao D., Alford D., Espy S., Bobba K.C., Song G., Pei D., Cheng C., Roberts S., Barbato M.I., Campana D., Coustan-Smith E., Shurtleff S.A., Raimondi S.C., Kleppe M., Cools J., Shimano K.A., Hermiston M.L., Doulatov S., Eppert K., Laurenti E., Notta F., Dick J.E., Basso G., Hunger S.P., Loh M.L., Devidas M., Wood B., Winter S., Dunsmore K.P., Fulton R.S., Fulton L.L., Hong X., Harris C.C., Dooling D.J., Ochoa K., Johnson K.J., Obenauer J.C., Evans W.E., Pui C.H., Naeve C.W., Ley T.J., Mardis E.R., Wilson R.K., Downing J.R, & Mullighan C.G. (2012). The genetic basis of early T-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Nature, 481(7380), 157-163.
Publication 2012
Blood Bone Marrow Cells Child Diagnosis Ethics Committees, Research Immunophenotyping Microarray Analysis Neoplasms Recurrence Single Nucleotide Polymorphism ST-52
2
Isolation and Sorting of Hematopoietic Cell Populations

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Publication 2011
Antibodies B-Lymphocytes Basophils Cells Dendritic Cells Eosinophil Ficoll Flow Cytometry Granulocyte Progenitor Cells Hypaque Immunophenotyping ITGAM protein, human Lymph Megakaryocyte-Erythroid Progenitor Cells Megakaryocytes Monocytes Myeloid Progenitor Cells Natural Killer Cells Neutrophil Population Group Stem Cells, Hematopoietic T-Lymphocyte trizol
3
EuroFlow Immunophenotypic Protocol
For immunophenotypic studies, all samples were systematically processed in parallel with the EuroFlow protocol versus the local routine procedures. Accordingly, the EuroFlow standard operating procedures (SOP) for instrument setup, instrument calibration, sample preparation, immunostaining and data acquisition16 were used at individual centers in parallel to the corresponding local protocols and techniques used for routine diagnosis and classification of hematological malignancies according to the WHO criteria. For data analysis, the Infinicyt software (Cytognos SL, Salamanca, Spain) was used in parallel to the local data analysis software programs and procedures.
For multivariate analysis of samples measured with the EuroFlow SOP and antibody panels, the Infinicyt software was used. For this purpose, the merge and calculation functions were applied for multi-tube panels prior to the analysis, as described elsewhere.31 (link), 32 (link) Briefly, prior to multivariate analyses, the populations of interest were selected and stored each in a distinct data file. Data files corresponding to the same cell population from an individual sample but stained with a different antibody tube of a multi-tube panel were merged into a single data file containing all information measured for that specific cell population. In a second step, ‘missing' data in one tube about markers only stained in the other tubes were calculated using previously described algorithms and tools implemented in the Infinicyt software.32 (link) Consequently, the generated final data file contained data about each parameter measured in the multi-tube panel for each of the events composing the cell population in that data file (Figure 2). This data file was further merged with the data files of other samples either to create a reference pool of a population of normal, reactive or malignant cells or to compare it with one or more of such reference pool data files, through multivariate analysis, for example, principal component analysis (PCA).31 (link)
van Dongen J.J., Lhermitte L., Böttcher S., Almeida J., van der Velden V.H., Flores-Montero J., Rawstron A., Asnafi V., Lécrevisse Q., Lucio P., Mejstrikova E., Szczepański T., Kalina T., de Tute R., Brüggemann M., Sedek L., Cullen M., Langerak A.W., Mendonça A., Macintyre E., Martin-Ayuso M., Hrusak O., Vidriales M.B, & Orfao A. (2012). EuroFlow antibody panels for standardized n-dimensional flow cytometric immunophenotyping of normal, reactive and malignant leukocytes. Leukemia, 26(9), 1908-1975.
Publication 2012
Cells Diagnosis Hematologic Neoplasms Immunoglobulins Immunophenotyping Standard Preparations
4
Comprehensive CMML Database Analysis
Between 1988 and 2018, 606 patients with CMML from 14 hospitals were captured in the ABCMML. This database retrospectively collected epidemiologic, hematologic, biochemical, clinical, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, molecular and biologic data of patients with CMML from different centers in a real-life setting. Internal review board approval was obtained at each institution. Clinical and laboratory routine parameters were obtained from patient records. A detailed central manual retrospective chart review was carried out to ensure data quality before analysis of data from institutions. Data curation included the extraction of discrete data elements from patient records, a check for accuracy and consistency of data, and a verification that baseline data were reflective of CMML that was strictly defined according to WHO criteria. Since the necessary information was not available in all patient records it was not possible to reclassify all cases according to the most recent WHO classification; however, patients with a history of antecedent CMML and 20% or more blasts in PB and/or BM were uniformly considered as CMML-derived secondary AML.
In one of the centers (Medical University of Vienna) the assessment of hematopoietic colony formation in vitro has been an integral part of the diagnostic work-up in patients with suspected myeloid malignancies for many years [18 (link)]. Samples of PB and/or BM were taken after written informed consent was provided from patients. Cytogenetic analysis was performed using G‑banding according to standard techniques on BM cells 24–48 h in unstimulated culture. Chromosome aberrations were classified according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN). The CMML-specific cytogenetic risk classification was low for normal karyotype and isolated-Y, intermediate for other abnormalities and high for trisomy 8, complex karyotype (≥3 abnormalities), and abnormalities of chromosome 7 [8 (link)]. In general samples were taken before any disease-modifying treatment (i.e. allogeneic stem cell transplantation, aggressive chemotherapy or hypomethylating agents).
Geissler K., Jäger E., Barna A., Gurbisz M., Marschon R., Graf T., Graf E., Borjan B., Jilch R., Geissler C., Hoermann G., Esterbauer H., Schwarzinger I., Nösslinger T., Pfeilstöcker M., Tüchler H., Reisner R., Sliwa T., Keil F., Bettelheim P., Machherndl-Spandl S., Doleschal B., Zach O., Weltermann A., Heibl S., Thaler J., Zebisch A., Sill H., Stauder R., Webersinke G., Petzer A., Kusec R., Ulsperger E., Schneeweiss B., Berger J., Öhler L., Germing U., Sperr W.R., Knöbl P., Jäger U, & Valent P. (2019). The Austrian biodatabase for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (ABCMML): A representative and useful real-life data source for further biomedical research. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 131(17), 410-418.
Publication 2019
Biopharmaceuticals Cell Culture Techniques Chromosome 8, trisomy Chromosome Aberrations Congenital Abnormality Cytogenetic Analysis Diagnosis Disorder, Chromosomal Hematopoietic System Homo sapiens Immunophenotyping Karyotyping Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic Malignant Neoplasms Patients Pharmacotherapy Transplantations, Stem Cell
5
Comprehensive Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis Pipeline
Reads were demultiplexed and, where applicable, the remaining poly-A tail of the mRNA was trimmed off. Reads were then aligned to the Homo Sapiens genome (build 37.68, also containing the ERCC spike in sequences) using GSNAP47 (link), with the expected paired-end length set to 400bp and the allowable deviation from the expected paired-end length set to 100bp. Reads overlapping uniquely with mRNA genes were counted using HTSeq48 (link). As a first filtering step, we retained all cells in which we observed more than 750 genes at a minimum of 10 reads each, and a total of at least 150,000 reads. We removed all genes from the dataset that were not observed by at least 10 reads in at least 5 cells. Statistics on these filtering steps are displayed in Supplementary Fig. 2.
We then fitted error models49 (link) to the readcount data (see also below). In 35 cells of individual 2 and 1 cell of individual 1, we observed an extreme overdispersion of the genes classified as non-dropout events. These cells were removed. In Individual 1, we further excluded 13 cells with an abnormal CD38-CD90high immunophenotype (Supplementary Fig. 1a). These cells were clear outliers also with regard to gene expression, as they mostly expressed genes associated with various types of mature immune cells (not shown).
Velten L., Haas S.F., Raffel S., Blaszkiewicz S., Islam S., Hennig B.P., Hirche C., Lutz C., Buss E.C., Nowak D., Boch T., Hofmann W.K., Ho A.D., Huber W., Trumpp A., Essers M.A, & Steinmetz L.M. (2017). Human haematopoietic stem cell lineage commitment is a continuous process. Nature cell biology, 19(4), 271-281.
Publication 2017
Cells Gene Expression Genes Genome, Human Immunophenotyping mRNA, Polyadenylated Poly(A) Tail RNA, Messenger Strains Tail

Most recents protocols related to «Immunophenotyping»

1
Comprehensive Immunophenotypic Analysis
Immunophenotypic analysis was performed using one of the following instruments: BD FACSCanto II, BD LSRFortessa II, BD FACSymphony A5, Beckman Coulter Cytoflex S or Beckman Coulter Cytoflex LX. Antibodies used for immunophenotypic analysis are listed in Supplementary Data 7. Cells were incubated with a human (Miltenyi Biotec, #130-059-901, dilution 2:100) and mouse FcR blocking reagent (BD #553141, dilution 1:100) prior to staining with antibody cocktail. All steps were performed at 4 °C in PBS 2% FBS. Data were analyzed with FCS Express 6 and 7 (DeNovo Software). Staining for cell cycle analysis was performed by fixing and permeabilizing cells with the eBioscience™ Foxp3 / Transcription Factor Staining Buffer Set as per manufacturer’s indications, followed by 30 min incubation at +4oC with human FcR blocking reagent (Miltenyi Biotec, #130-059-901, dilution 2:100) and overnight staining at +4oC with Ki67-AF647 (BD #558615, dilution 2:100). Samples were acquired on the FACSymphony A5 with low flow rates after addition of Hoechst 33342. Staining for EdU incorporation was performed with the Click-iT™ Plus EdU Pacific Blue™ Flow Cytometry Assay Kit (TermoFisher Scientific #C10636) following the manufacturer’s indications.
Naldini M.M., Casirati G., Barcella M., Rancoita P.M., Cosentino A., Caserta C., Pavesi F., Zonari E., Desantis G., Gilioli D., Carrabba M.G., Vago L., Bernardi M., Di Micco R., Di Serio C., Merelli I., Volpin M., Montini E., Ciceri F, & Gentner B. (2023). Longitudinal single-cell profiling of chemotherapy response in acute myeloid leukemia. Nature Communications, 14, 1285.
Publication 2023
Alexa Fluor 647 Antibodies Biological Assay Buffers Cell Cycle Cells Combined Antibody Therapeutics Flow Cytometry HOE 33342 Homo sapiens Immunophenotyping Mus Technique, Dilution Transcription Factor
2
Identifying Psoriasis Drug Candidates via Connectivity Map
To investigate the candidate drugs for different subtypes of psoriasis, Connectivity Map analysis was performed (https://clue.io/). The Connectivity Map is a pharmacogenome-based tool, which is conducted to explore the potential candidates targeting immunophenotype-related biological pathways and genes as well as understanding the potential MoAs of drugs [17 ]. To be specific, 300 genes containing top 150 up-regulated genes and top 150 down-regulated genes were obtained from difference analysis between C1 and C2 subtypes of psoriasis. Then, these 300 genes were used in the analysis of Connectivity Map.
Li Y., Li L., Tian Y., Luo J., Huang J., Zhang L., Zhang J., Li X, & Hu L. (2023). Identification of novel immune subtypes and potential hub genes of patients with psoriasis. Journal of Translational Medicine, 21, 182.
Publication 2023
Biopharmaceuticals Genes Immunophenotyping Lanugo Pharmaceutical Preparations Psoriasis
3
Identification of Aberrant Hematopoietic Stem Cells
The CD34+ compartment was divided into CD38−, CD38dim and CD38+ cells, the latter including common myeloid progenitors (CMPs), granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs) and megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs, Fig. S2). Following the strategy for LSC identification, immunophenotypic normal hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) defined as CD34+CD38− and CD33−/+/CD44−/+/CD45RA−/CD123−/+/Combi− were distinguished from immunophenotypic aberrant hematopoietic stem cells (IA-HSCs) defined as CD34+CD38− and CD33++ and/or CD44+/++ and/or CD45RA+ and/or CD123++ and/or Combi+ (SI: Gating strategy of IA-HSCs) [19 (link), 20 (link), 36 (link)]. The presence of IA-HSCs was never based on only CD33 or CD44 because gradual overexpression of these markers may be challenging to interpret, especially in case of CD33 polymorphism. To account for an underestimation of IA-HSCs in samples with few CD34+CD38− cells, a limit of detection (LoD) and quantification (LoQ) was set at 10 and 30 CD34+CD38− cells, respectively. The LoQ was used for multivariate analysis.
van Spronsen M.F., Hanekamp D., Westers T.M., van Gils N., Vermue E., Rutten A., Jansen J.H., Lissenberg-Witte B.I., Smit L., Schuurhuis G.J, & van de Loosdrecht A.A. (2023). Immunophenotypic aberrant hematopoietic stem cells in myelodysplastic syndromes: a biomarker for leukemic progression. Leukemia, 37(3), 680-690.
Publication 2023
CD44 protein, human Cells Common Myeloid Progenitors CTSL protein, human Genetic Polymorphism Granulocyte Progenitor Cells Hematopoietic System Immunophenotyping Interleukin-3 Receptor alpha Subunit Megakaryocyte-Erythroid Progenitor Cells Monocytes Stem, Plant Stem Cells, Hematopoietic
4
Flow Cytometry Screening for Mature B-cell Lymphomas
Mature B-cell lymphoproliferative disease in patients >30yrs was screened by monoclonal antibodies mixed with CD45-V500c, CD19-Pacific Blue, CD20-APC, CD38-PerCP-Cy5.5, CD10-PE-Cy7, kappa-FITC, and lambda-PE. B-cell and plasma cells in patients >30yrs were screened with a tube containing CD45-V500c, CD19-Pacific Blue, CD20-APC-Cy7, CD38-PerCP-Cy5.5, CD56-ECD, CD138-APC, cytoplasmic κ-FITC, and cytoplasmic λ-PE. The samples were all stained with these T- and B-cell lymphatic screening tubes.
This article uses a method of MFC sample staining and panel screening (14 (link)). If the screening tube detected that the B lymphocytes had an abnormal immunophenotype, we continued to label fluorescent antibody Ki67; Kappa-FITC/Lambda-PE were purchased from DAKO; CD19-Pacific Blue, and CD20-Pacific Blue were purchased from Biolegend. The BD Pharmingen FITC Mouseanti-Ki67 Set (Clone: B56) is compatible with the BD IntraSure™ Kit (641776), and the remainder was purchased from the Becton Dickinson Company (BD, San Jose, CA). Intracellular staining with Ki67 was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. At least 5000 abnormal CDl9+ B lymphocytes or a total of 3×105 white blood cells were obtained from each tube. The abnormal B lymphocyte population was gated by CD45/SSC, CDl9/SSC, CDl9/FSC, CD20/SSC, and CDl9/CD20, and the positive rate of Ki67 in these cells was analyzed. The gating strategy for detecting the positive rate of Ki67 expression in non-Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma by flow cytometry is shown in the Supplementary Figure. Abnormal B lymphocytes were defined as populations of CDl9+ or CD20+ cells restricted by Kappa or lambda immunoglobulin light chain expression (or double-negative), abnormal scattered light such as alterations in forwarding scattered light (FSC) and (or) side scattered light (SSC), and abnormal B lymphocytes were often associated with abnormal expression of other antigens, such as CLL cells CD5+CD23+CD20dimCD22dimCD79dim (15 (link)). Specimens were analyzed on a BDIS FACSFortessa MFC system from the Becton Dickinson Company and Diva software was used for analysis (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA).
Mao X., Li Y., Liu S., He C., Yi S., Kuang D., Xiao M., Zhu L, & Wang C. (2023). Multicolor flow cytometric assessment of Ki67 expression and its diagnostic value in mature B-cell neoplasms. Frontiers in Oncology, 13, 1108837.
Publication 2023
Antigens B-Cell Lymphomas B-Lymphocytes Cells Clone Cells CY5.5 cyanine dye Cytoplasm Flow Cytometry Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Fluorescent Antibody Technique Immunoglobulin lambda-Chains Immunophenotyping Leukocytes Light Lymphoproliferative Disorders Monoclonal Antibodies Patients Plasma Cells Population Group Protoplasm SDC1 protein, human
5
Personalized Cancer Treatment Protocol
After the patients enrolled themselves, their guardians signed the informed consent form. Before the initiation of treatment, the liver and kidney functions of the patients were examined to avoid contraindication of therapy. Bone marrow was collected under an aseptic condition, placed in an EDTA anticoagulant tube, refrigerated at 2 °C – 8 °C, and transported to PreceDo Inc. (Hefei, China). The primary tumor cells isolated and purified according to the standard operating procedure were expanded in vitro by an improved cell reprogramming technique. The cultured primary cells were tested for high-throughput drugs in vitro according to the clinical first-line and second-line treatment schemes of the corresponding cancer types and FDA drug bank, and the sensitive drugs and schemes were selected. The experiment was performed according to the procedure laid down in a previous report (17 (link)). The growth inhibition rates of different chemotherapeutic drugs were calculated in the laboratory, and test reports were prepared in the clinic. In contrast to the reference, the drug inhibition rates were classified as follows: high sensitivity (+++): inhibition rate ≥80%; moderate sensitivity (++): inhibition rate of 50%–80%; and low sensitivity (+): inhibition rate of 20%–<50%. After receiving the test report, the department selected the chemotherapy plan according to the test report. After the start of chemotherapy, the adverse effects on the patients were recorded. Three days after the end of the treatment course, the cardiac B-ultrasound, electrocardiogram, and biochemical indices were reexamined to observe the level of toxicity of the drug. The myelograms and peripheral blood routine were reexamined 14 days after the course of treatment; morphology, immunophenotype, cytogenetics, and molecular biology classification were performed, and the morphological characteristics of the cells were analyzed. When any signs of fungal infection were observed, antifungal drugs such as fluconazole/voriconazole and echinocandins were added to the treatment protocol.
Lv W., Chen T., Wang S., Li C., Zhang B., Wang L., Xv F., Cao F., Wang J., Chen L., Liao C., Li N, & Liu H. (2023). Feasibility of high-throughput drug sensitivity screening (HDS)-guided treatment for children with refractory or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 11, 1117988.
Publication 2023
Anticoagulants Antifungal Agents Asepsis BLOOD Bone Marrow Cells Cellular Reprogramming Techniques Cultured Cells Echinocandins Edetic Acid Electrocardiography Fluconazole Heart Hypersensitivity Immunophenotyping Kidney Legal Guardians Liver Mycoses Myelography Neoplasms Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmacotherapy Psychological Inhibition Second Primary Cancers Substance Abuse Detection Toxicity, Drug Treatment Protocols Ultrasonics Voriconazole

Top products related to «Immunophenotyping»

1
Facscanto 2 by BD
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The FACSCanto II is a flow cytometer instrument designed for multi-parameter analysis of single cells. It features a solid-state diode laser and up to four fluorescence detectors for simultaneous measurement of multiple cellular parameters.
2
Facscalibur by BD
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The FACSCalibur is a flow cytometry system designed for multi-parameter analysis of cells and other particles. It features a blue (488 nm) and a red (635 nm) laser for excitation of fluorescent dyes. The instrument is capable of detecting forward scatter, side scatter, and up to four fluorescent parameters simultaneously.
3
Facscalibur flow cytometer by BD
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The FACSCalibur flow cytometer is a compact and versatile instrument designed for multiparameter analysis of cells and particles. It employs laser-based technology to rapidly measure and analyze the physical and fluorescent characteristics of cells or other particles as they flow in a fluid stream. The FACSCalibur can detect and quantify a wide range of cellular properties, making it a valuable tool for various applications in biology, immunology, and clinical research.
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Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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Facsdiva software by BD
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FACSDiva software is a user-friendly flow cytometry analysis and data management platform. It provides intuitive tools for data acquisition, analysis, and reporting. The software enables researchers to efficiently process and interpret flow cytometry data.
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Facscanto 2 flow cytometer by BD
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The FACSCanto II is a flow cytometer manufactured by BD. It is a versatile instrument designed for multicolor flow cytometric analysis. The FACSCanto II can detect and analyze various properties of cells or particles suspended in a fluid as they flow through the system.
7
Cellquest software by BD
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CellQuest software is a data acquisition and analysis software designed for flow cytometry applications. It provides tools for acquiring, processing, and analyzing flow cytometry data.
8
Lsrii flow cytometer by BD
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The BD LSRII flow cytometer is a multi-parameter instrument designed for advanced flow cytometry applications. It features a modular design that allows for customization to meet specific research needs. The LSRII utilizes laser excitation and sensitive detectors to analyze the physical and fluorescent properties of individual cells or particles passing through a fluid stream.
9
Penicillin streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

More about "Immunophenotyping"

Immunophenotyping, a powerful technique, is a crucial tool in the diagnosis and monitoring of various hematological and immunological disorders.
This process involves the use of fluorescently-labeled antibodies to detect the presence and abundance of specific cell surface markers, enabling the precise identification and quantification of different cell populations.
Immunophenotyping plays a vital role in fields such as cancer research, transplantation medicine, and autoimmune disease management, providing invaluable insights into the underlying mechanisms of these conditions.
The latest advancements in flow cytometry and automated analysis tools have revolutionized the field of immunophenotyping.
Instruments like the FACSCanto II, FACSCalibur, and LSRII flow cytometers, along with software such as FACSDiva and CellQuest, have significantly enhanced the efficiency and accuracy of cell profiling.
Researchers and clinicians can now leverage these cutting-edge technologies to optimize their workflows and gain a deeper understanding of cell populations.
Immunophenotyping is also supported by the use of essential cell culture components like Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) and Penicillin/Streptomycin, which help maintain the viability and integrity of cells during analysis.
By combining the power of immunophenotyping with these complementary tools and techniques, researchers can make groundbreaking discoveries and advance their investigations in the fields of hematology, immunology, and beyond.
PubCompare.ai, an innovative AI-driven platform, is revolutionizing the way researchers approach immunophenotyping.
This tool enables users to easily locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, allowing them to optimize their workflows and enhance their research.
With PubCompare.ai, immunophenotyping has become more efficient, effective, and accessible, empowering researchers to push the boundaries of their investigations.