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Vaginal Smears

Vaginal Smears: A cytological examination of cells collected from the vagina, often used for the detection of abnormal cells or the diagnosis of vaginal and cervical infections or cancers.
This procedure can help identify the optimal approach for your vaginal smear research, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.
Explore PubCompare.ai's powerful AI-driven tools to locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, ensuring an optimized vaginal smear research process.

Most cited protocols related to «Vaginal Smears»

1
Development of a Cancer Awareness Measure
Following a review of the literature, existing awareness questionnaires were examined and relevant items extracted. This was supplemented with a review of the ‘grey’ literature (i.e. unpublished surveys carried out by cancer charities and other organisations) to include items not published in academic journals. Following this review, an item pool consisting of 137 items was created. These covered a range of topics including awareness of warning signs and risk factors, cancer incidence and awareness of national screening programmes. Items were then excluded if they were poorly worded, used terminology not frequently used in the United Kingdom (e.g. Pap test) or were attitudinal in nature (e.g. ‘I believe there are no early symptoms of cancer’). Items relating to awareness of the purpose of screening, the benefits of early detection and cancer survival rates were also omitted from the measure because the primary focus was symptom recognition. In addition, the research team generated several items specifically for the instrument that had not been used in previous questionnaires.
Once consensus over the items had been reached, a first version of the cancer awareness measure (CAM) was circulated to a panel of experts (n=16) including academic researchers, cancer charity representatives, general practitioners, oncologists and experts in the field of questionnaire design, to ensure content validity and face validity. In addition, cognitive interviews were conducted with the general public. These encourage respondents to verbalise their cognitions, making it possible to identify areas where interpretation of the questions is ambiguous (Collins, 2003 (link)). Cognitive interviews were conducted with a small sample of participants (n=6) aged between 23 and 70 years. Minor modifications were made to the phrasing of several items as a result.
The final version of the CAM consisted of the following: (i) 10 items on awareness of warning signs (one open-ended question and nine recognition items); (ii) nine items on anticipated time to seek medical advice (asking about each of the warning signs); (iii) 10 items on barriers to seeking medical advice (covering a range of practical, service delivery and emotional barriers); (iv) 13 items on awareness of risk factors (one open-ended question, 11 recognition items and one asking participants to rank the importance of different types of risk factor); (v) seven items on cancer incidence (one asking about overall cancer incidence and six asking about the three most common cancers for men and women) and (vi) six items on awareness of NHS screening programmes (asking about awareness of the cervical, breast and bowel screening programmes and the age from which screening is offered for each).
Stubbings S., Robb K., Waller J., Ramirez A., Austoker J., Macleod U., Hiom S, & Wardle J. (2009). Development of a measurement tool to assess public awareness of cancer. British Journal of Cancer, 101(Suppl 2), S13-S17.
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Publication 2009
Awareness Breast Cognition Early Diagnosis Emotions General Practitioners Intestines Malignant Neoplasms Neck Obstetric Delivery Oncologists Vaginal Smears Woman
2
HPV Triage for Cervical Cytology Abnormalities
Arbyn et al. [17 (link)] assessed the HPV test positivity rate in women with equivocal or low-grade cervical cytological abnormalities. HPV testing has been proposed as a method to triage women with minor cytological abnormalities identified through screening for cervical cancer using the Pap smear [19 (link), 20 ]. The prevalence of HPV infection reflects the burden of referral and diagnostic work-up when the test is used to triage women with these cytological conditions [17 (link)]. Two groups of minor cytological abnormalties can be distinguished: a) atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) or borderline dyskaryosis and b) low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) or mild dyskaryosis. The meta-analysis concluded that the large majority of women with LSIL were infected with HPV suggesting limited utility of HPV triaging. However, for women with ASC-US, more than halve tested negative and could be released from further follow-up. Figure 1 reproduces the meta analysis including 32 studies providing data of HPV infection in case of equivocal cervical cytology (ASC-US). The pooled prevalence of HPV infection, assessed with the Hybrid Capture 2 assay was 43% (95% CI: 39%-46%) (see Figure 1 and Table 2).

Meta-analysis of the proportion of women with ASCUS or a borderline Pap smear that have a positive Hybrid Capture II test. Output generated by the Stata procedure metaprop.

The dataset contains author and year which identify each study, where tgroup corresponds with the triage group(ASCUS, LSIL, borderline dyskaryosis). num and denom indicates the number of women with a positive HPV test (HC2 assay) and total number of tested women such that fracnumdenom is the proportion with a positive HC2 test. se indicates the standard error computed as frac(1-frac)denom . lo and up are the lower and upper confidence intervals computed using the ‘exact’ method.
Nyaga V.N., Arbyn M, & Aerts M. (2014). Metaprop: a Stata command to perform meta-analysis of binomial data. Archives of Public Health, 72, 39.
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Publication 2014
Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance Biological Assay Cervical Cancer Congenital Abnormality Cytological Techniques Diagnosis Hybrids Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Neck Vaginal Smears Woman
3
Developmental Toxicity Screening in Rats
All experimental protocols for the procedures with rats were pre-approved by the Washington State University Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC approval # 02568-026). The University Department of Environmental Health and Safety approved all the protocols for the use of hazardous chemicals in this experiment. Sprague Dawley SD female and male rats of an outbred strain (Harlan) at about 70 and 100 days of age were maintained in ventilated (up to 50 air exchanges/hour) isolator cages (cages with dimensions of 10 ¾″ W×19 ¼″ D×10 ¾″ H, 143 square inch floor space, fitted in Micro-vent 36-cage rat racks; Allentown Inc., Allentown, NJ) containing Aspen Sani chips (pinewood shavings from Harlan) as bedding, and a 14 h light: 10 h dark regimen, at a temperature of 70 F and humidity of 25% to 35%. The mean light intensity in the animal rooms ranged from 22 to 26 ft-candles. Rats were fed ad lib with standard rat diet (8640 Teklad 22/5 Rodent Diet; Harlan) and ad lib tap water for drinking. During the procedures, rats were held in an animal transfer station (AniGard 6VF, The Baker Company, Sanford, ME) that provided an air velocity of about 0.5 inch.
At proestrus as determined by daily vaginal smears, the female rats, (90 days) were pair-mated with male rats (120 days). On the next day, the females were separated and their vaginal smears were examined microscopically and if they were sperm-positive (day 0) the rats were tentatively considered pregnant and then weighed with a digital animal weighing balance to monitor increases in body weight. Vaginal smears were continued for monitoring diestrus status in these rats until day 7. On embryonic day 7 (E-7) these females were weighed to determine if there was a significant increase in (greater than about 10 g) body weight, to confirm pregnancy in sperm-positive females. These pregnant rats were then given daily intraperitoneal injections of any one of the following single chemicals or mixtures with an equal volume of sesame oil (Sigma) on days E-8 through E-14 of gestation [43] (link). Treatment groups were Control, Pesticide (Permethrin+DEET), Plastics (Bisphenol-A, DBP and DEHP), Dioxin (TCDD), and Jet Fuel (JP8 hydrocarbon). The pregnant female rats treated with various mixtures were designated as the F0 generation. When there was a drop in the litter size and the sex ratio of pups in F1 generation of Plastics group, another treatment group was included with only half the dose of Bisphenol-A, DBP and DEHP and this group was designated ‘Low Dose Plastics’ group. Doses, percent of oral LD50, and sources of chemicals for the compounds are given in Table S1A.
Manikkam M., Guerrero-Bosagna C., Tracey R., Haque M.M, & Skinner M.K. (2012). Transgenerational Actions of Environmental Compounds on Reproductive Disease and Identification of Epigenetic Biomarkers of Ancestral Exposures. PLoS ONE, 7(2), e31901.
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Publication 2012
Animals ARID1A protein, human bisphenol A Body Weight DEET Diestrus Diet Diethylhexyl Phthalate DNA Chips Embryo Females Hazardous Chemicals Humidity Hydrocarbons Injections, Intraperitoneal Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees jet fuel A Light Males Permethrin Pesticides Pregnancy Pregnant Women Proestrus Rattus norvegicus Rodent Safety Sesame Oil Sperm Strains Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin Treatment Protocols Vaginal Smears
4
HPV Persistence and Progression Cohort
At Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), women are tested by HC2 for carcinogenic HPV DNA to triage atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) (since 2001) and as adjunct to Pap smears in women aged 30 and older (since 2003) in accordance with current screening guidelines (19 (link), 20 (link)). The HPV Persistence and Progression Cohort (The PaP Cohort) was created by banking residual, waste cervical specimens, collected into specimen transport medium (STM; Qiagen), from women who tested HC2 positive in conjunction with routine cervical cancer screening. After specimens were used for HC2, the residual specimens were neutralized and archived (12 (link), 13 (link)).
For this analysis, we selected specimens from all eligible cases of HC2-positive CIN3+ diagnosed between January, 2007 to October, 2008. Eligibility was defined as women 21 and older who had not opted out from having their specimen banked and tested for HPV-related biomarkers including HPV genotypes. HC2-negative CIN3 is not routinely available since the histologic diagnoses are made available weeks after the clinical HC2 is complete and the residual specimen is discarded if not selected for banking. HC2-positive women without CIN3+ (link)).
Castle P.E., Shaber R., LaMere B.J., Kinney W., Fetterman B., Poitras N., Lorey T., Schiffman M., Dunne A., Ostolaza J.M., McKinney S, & Burk R.D. (2011). Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Genotypes in Women with Cervical Precancer and Cancer at Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology, 20(5), 946-953.
Publication 2011
Atypical Squamous Cells of Undetermined Significance Biological Markers Carcinogens Cervical Cancer Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Grade III Diagnosis Disease Progression Eligibility Determination Genotype Neck Vaginal Smears Woman
5
Cervical Dysplasia Screening Study
Participants featured in the current study were enrolled into SUCCEED starting in November 2003 and ending in September 2007. We recruited women referred to colposcopy at the University of Oklahoma Dysplasia Clinic based at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center (OUHSC), with a recent abnormal Pap smear diagnosis or a biopsy diagnosis of CIN. Details of study design and inclusion criteria have been described elsewhere (11 (link)). Briefly, exclusion criteria included women who were less than 18 years-of-age, pregnant at the time of their visit, previously treated with chemotherapy or radiation for any cancer, or women scheduled for vaginal colposcopy. Written informed consent was obtained from all women enrolled into the study and Institutional Review Board approval was provided by OUHSC and the U.S. National Cancer Institute.
At the time of the analysis, 1899 women had been enrolled; of these, we excluded 16 from the present analyses due to missing HPV results and further excluded 213 women due to unsatisfactory cytology, constituting a study population of 1670 women with a median age of 25 years (18–81 years). Of these, the following groups were excluded from the analyses of type attribution in cervical disease, because they could not be assigned to a disease category: 41 women with negative cytology, histology, and HPV result, 73 women without histology result and nine women without cytology result in the
Wentzensen N., Schiffman M., Dunn S.T., Zuna R.E., Gold M.A., Allen R.A., Zhang R., Sherman M.E., Wacholder S., Walker J, & Wang S.S. (2009). Multiple HPV genotype infections in cervical cancer progression in the Study to Understand Cervical Cancer Early Endpoints and Determinants (SUCCEED). International journal of cancer. Journal international du cancer, 125(9), 2151-2158.
Publication 2009
Biopsy Cervix Diseases Colposcopy Cytological Techniques Diagnosis Ethics Committees, Research Malignant Neoplasms Pharmacotherapy Radiotherapy Vagina Vaginal Smears Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Vaginal Smears»

1
Point-of-Care HPV Antibody Screening
A rapid lateral flow assay (rLFA) (Abviris GmbH, Germany) to detect anti-HPV16-L1 antibodies will be performed first, at the point-of-care (POC), on a single drop of finger capillary blood (as described in Table 2), with qualitative readout. A positive result will address the participant to physical examination / colposcopy at the same visit. Then, a venous blood sample is drawn for a further quantitative read-out serological analysis (Supplementary Materials: Annex A1 und A2).

Procedures

Screening (day 0)Baseline (day 0)Follow-up(Day 1 up to 6 months)Follow-up (6 months)
Informed consent procedureXX
Eligibility checkXX
Case report form (REDCapTM)XXX
Point-of-care blood test (capillary sample) aX
Laboratory-based analysisbX
Cervico-vaginal smear self-sampling cXX
Physical examination / colposcopyXdXXd
UrineXdXd

a PrevoCheck® with qualitative readout

b Serum for PT Monitor® (quantitative analysis) and for Schistosomiasis antibodies

c Seegene Anyplex ™ II 28 HPV, QG-MPH, STI and GS tests

d Only if symptomatic, microscopy for detection of Schistosomiasis eggs

Di Salvo I., Mnzava D., Nicoletti G.J., Senkoro E., Ndege R.C., Huang D.J., Makunja N.T., Kassiga G.I., Kaufmann A.M., Weisser M, & Kind A.B. (2023). Upscaling cervical cancer screening and treatment for women living with HIV at a rural referral hospital in Tanzania: protocol of a before-and-after study exploring HPV testing and novel diagnostics. BMC Health Services Research, 23, 234.
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Publication 2023
Anti-Antibodies Biological Assay Capillaries Colposcopy Eggs Fingers Hematologic Tests Human papillomavirus 16 Microscopy Physical Examination Point-of-Care Systems Schistosomiasis Self-Examination Serum Vaginal Smears Veins
2
Upscaling Cervical Cancer Screening and Treatment for WLWH in Tanzania
This is a before-and after study to evaluate the impact and feasibility of upscaling CC screening and treatment services for WLWH attending a rural referral CTC in Tanzania. The main objective is to evaluate the uptake by WLWH attending screening after implementation of HPV testing on a self-sampled cervico-vaginal smear, compared to a retrospective cohort screened by VIA. HPV testing has been implemented in a bundle with: a) a smartphone integrating a mobile colposcope (EVA system, Mobile ODT, Israel) for digital enhancement of VIA examination with cervix magnification and second look/quality control; b) thermal ablation in place of cryotherapy (thus avoiding the need for replenishing nitrogen gas cartridges); and c) LEEP.
We adopted an uncontrolled before-and-after design to compare proportion of WLWH attending screening before and after implementing mentioned interventions. A sub-study with cross-sectional design aims to explore diagnostic performance of two novel tests: the first, QuantiGene-Molecular-Profiling-Histology (QG-MPH), is based on transcriptomic biomarker analysis, while the second is a serological assay to detect antibodies against HPV16-L1 [29 (link)], either with a qualitative (Prevo-Check®) or quantitative (PT Monitor®) approach (Table 1. Supplementary material Annex A1 and A2). Further objectives are to determine the adherence to recommendations after screening, to assess the prevalence of HPV genotype-specific infection as well as other co-infections, and to assess feasibility, acceptability and costs of the new implemented screening and treatment plan.

Novel assays

TestNameTargetDescription
Lateral Flow Assay (LFA)PT Monitor® (Abviris GmbH, Germany)HPV16-L1 AbBlood-based (serum) competitive immunoassay assessing the presence of epitope-specific antibodies against HPV16-L1. Elevated levels of these antibodies are associated with the presence of HPV16-induced cancer or pre-cancer. A quantitative readout is possible with an optical table-top reader (aLF reader by Qiagen, Germany). CE-marked IVD
Rapid Lateral Flow Assay (rLFA)Prevo-Check® (Abviris GmbH, Germany)HPV16-L1 AbQualitative (yes/no) output of LFA (PT Monitor®) in form of rapid capillary point-of-care test with a cut-off of HPV16-L1 Ab > 1000 ng/ml. CE-IVD-marked for the detection of HPV16-induced anal and oropharyngeal cancers
Probe-based RNA AssayHPV and dysplasia test – QuantiGene-Molecular-Profiling-Histology (QG-MPH)mRNA of HPV oncogenes and cellular biomarkers

Cell-based. Quantitative detection of HPV16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 82 and cellular biomarkers, correlating with severity of a dysplastic lesion. The emergence and strength of biomarkers define the lesion stage. The QuantiGene 2.0 platform (ThermoFisher) is used

2 Experimental molecular IVD, Charité-University Hospital Berlin, DE (WO2020/161285 A1)

Di Salvo I., Mnzava D., Nicoletti G.J., Senkoro E., Ndege R.C., Huang D.J., Makunja N.T., Kassiga G.I., Kaufmann A.M., Weisser M, & Kind A.B. (2023). Upscaling cervical cancer screening and treatment for women living with HIV at a rural referral hospital in Tanzania: protocol of a before-and-after study exploring HPV testing and novel diagnostics. BMC Health Services Research, 23, 234.
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Publication 2023
Antibodies Anus Biological Assay Biological Markers Capillaries Cells Cervix Uteri Coinfection Colposcopes Cryotherapy Epitopes Gene Expression Profiling Genotype Human papillomavirus 16 Immunoassay Malignant Neoplasms Nitrogen Oncogenes Oropharynxs Papillomavirus Infections, Human Point-of-Care Testing RNA, Messenger Second Look Surgery Serum Tests, Diagnostic Vaginal Smears
3
Serum and Cervico-Vaginal Sample Processing
Serum and cervico-vaginal smear samples will be labelled, processed, analyzed, stored at the IHI laboratory in accordance with SOPs. For the QG-MPH test and quality control of HPV testing, one cervico-vaginal smear sample per participant will be transported from Ifakara to the HPV Laboratory, Charité (DE) as per the MTA. Once all analyses have been performed, the materials will be stored for a period of 10 years and thereafter destroyed by standard internal procedures of the IHI and Charité, respectively.
Di Salvo I., Mnzava D., Nicoletti G.J., Senkoro E., Ndege R.C., Huang D.J., Makunja N.T., Kassiga G.I., Kaufmann A.M., Weisser M, & Kind A.B. (2023). Upscaling cervical cancer screening and treatment for women living with HIV at a rural referral hospital in Tanzania: protocol of a before-and-after study exploring HPV testing and novel diagnostics. BMC Health Services Research, 23, 234.
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Publication 2023
Serum Vaginal Smears
4
Cardioprotective Effects of P.v.L. Hull Extract
In this study, 60 adult Wistar albino rats (average weight: female rat 250-300 g, male rat 450-500 g) were randomly divided into 5 equal groups [6 males, 6 females (n = 12)]: group I (sham), group II (DOX), group III [treatment group I (DOX + P.v.L. hull extract 50 mg/kg)], group IV [treatment group II (DOX + P.v.L. hull extract 100 mg/kg)], group V (P.v.L. hull extract 100 mg/kg). The reason why we use both genders in rats, both male and female, is: heart diseases are found in people of both sexes, and one of the risk factors is gender. However, we could not obtain a statistically significant result in the evaluation made between rats according to their gender, so we presented the data in the general table without gender discrimination. Previously, male and female rats were treated with P.v.L. The response to this question was evaluated and compared separately. In order for the rats to adapt to the changing environmental conditions, they were housed for 5 days under routine housing conditions (temperature 22 ± 2ºC, 50% relative humidity, 12 hours of light and 12 hours of darkness, in type 3 cages with a transparent visible interior, designed to add standard rat chow, and ad libitum water) without any experimental intervention. All rats were fed with tap water and standard rat chow under standard conditions. The feeding of the rats was completely stopped 12 hours before the intervention. Female rats included in the study were placed in separate cages from male rats after the completion of the lactation period. During the study, experimental protocols were applied to rats grouped as male and female in separate cages. Due to this, vaginal plaque was not observed in female animals, and vaginal smear was not taken. Cardiac injury models were established as in previous study.18 For the experimental cardiac injury model, only food and water were given to group I for 15 days. In group II, DOX (2.5 mg/kg/day (15 days), a total dose of 37.5 mg/kg was administered intraperitoneally (IP). Group III was given only DOX for the first 7 days, then DOX and P.v.L. hull extract 50 mg/kg/day as gavage for 7 days. Group IV was given only DOX for the first 7 days, then DOX and P.v.L. hull extract 50 mg/kg/day as gavage for 7 days. In total, the duration of treatment was 15 days. Group V was given water for the first 7 days and P.v.L. hull extract by gavage for the next 7 days (Table 1). In total, the treatment lasted 15 days. At the end of the experiment (day 16), all rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia (ketamine 90 mg/kg and xylazine 10 mg/kg IP), and their blood and all tissues were stored under appropriate conditions (Figure 1). Rats’ daily weight, feed, and water intake were followed up and noted. In the DOX-administered groups, the rats lost weight, their nutrition (feed and water consumption) decreased, they had diarrhea and nosebleeds and became weak. One male rat died in group II and group III.
Ersöz E., Salih Aydın M., Hacanlı Y., Kankılıç N., Koyuncu İ., Emin Güldür M., Temiz E., Çakmak Y., Eği K., Dikme R, & Padak M. (2023). Cardioprotective Effect of Pistacia vera L. (Green Pistachio) Hull Extract in Wistar Albino Rats with Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiac Damage. Anatolian Journal of Cardiology, 27(3), 135-145.
Publication 2023
Adult Albinism Anesthesia Animals BLOOD Darkness Debility Dental Plaque Diarrhea Epistaxis Females Food Heart Diseases Heart Injuries Humidity Ketamine Lactation Light Males Rats, Wistar Tissues Tube Feeding Vagina Vaginal Smears Water Consumption Xylazine
5
Vaginal Smear Analysis for Estrous Cycle
A vaginal smear was performed at approximately 9:00 am. Briefly, 10 µL of saline was pushed into the vagina and drawn with a micropipette 3 times. Then, saline containing exfoliated vaginal cells was smeared on a slide. After air drying, the smear was fixed with 75% ethanol. HE staining was performed to evaluate the cell types. The oestrous cycle was read and recorded for each mouse.
Liu F., Wan Q., Liu P., Miao D., Dai X, & Chen L. (2023). Loss of p16 does not protect against premature ovarian insufficiency caused by alkylating agents. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23, 151.
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Publication 2023
Cells Ethanol Mus Saline Solution Vagina Vaginal Smears

Top products related to «Vaginal Smears»

1
Sprague dawley rat by Charles River Laboratories
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Sprague-Dawley rats are an outbred albino rat strain commonly used in laboratory research. They are characterized by their calm temperament and reliable reproductive performance.
2
Thinprep pap test by Hologic
Sourced in United States
The ThinPrep Pap Test is a laboratory equipment product designed for the collection, preparation, and analysis of cervical cell samples. It is used to collect and process cellular samples from the cervix, which can then be examined for the presence of abnormal cells or other indicators of cervical health.
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Sas 9 by SAS Institute
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SAS 9.4 is an integrated software suite for advanced analytics, data management, and business intelligence. It provides a comprehensive platform for data analysis, modeling, and reporting. SAS 9.4 offers a wide range of capabilities, including data manipulation, statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and visual data exploration.
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Sas version 9 by SAS Institute
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SAS version 9.4 is a statistical software package. It provides tools for data management, analysis, and reporting. The software is designed to help users extract insights from data and make informed decisions.
5
Thinprep by Hologic
Sourced in United States, New Zealand
The ThinPrep system is a laboratory equipment product that prepares patient samples for cytological examination. It is designed to process and prepare cellular samples in a standardized manner to improve the quality and consistency of specimen slides for analysis.
6
Surepath by BD
Sourced in United States
SurePath is a liquid-based cytology system developed by BD for the collection, fixation, and preservation of cellular samples for clinical testing. It is designed to improve the quality and reliability of cytological specimens.
7
Preservcyt solution by Hologic
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
PreservCyt solution is a liquid-based cytology preservative used for the collection, transportation, and processing of cervical cell samples. It is designed to maintain the integrity and morphology of the collected cells, enabling effective cytological examination.
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Giemsa by Merck Group
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Giemsa is a type of stain used in microscopy for the differential staining of cells, tissues, and other biological samples. It is a widely used stain in various fields, including hematology, parasitology, and cytology. Giemsa stain primarily helps to visualize and differentiate cellular components, such as nuclei, cytoplasm, and specific organelles, based on their varying affinity for the stain.
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Surepath liquid based pap test by BD
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SurePath liquid-based Pap test is a laboratory equipment product that is used for the collection, processing, and preparation of cervical cell samples for cytological examination. It is a standard technique for screening and detection of cervical cancer and precancerous changes.
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Qiaamp dna mini kit by Qiagen
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The QIAamp DNA Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment product designed for the purification of genomic DNA from a variety of sample types. It utilizes a silica-membrane-based technology to efficiently capture and purify DNA, which can then be used for various downstream applications.

More about "Vaginal Smears"

Vaginal smears, also known as Papanicolaou (Pap) tests or cervical cytology, are a widely used diagnostic tool for the detection of abnormal cells, infections, and cancers in the vagina and cervix.
This procedure involves collecting cells from the vagina and cervix, which are then examined under a microscope for any abnormalities.
Vaginal smears are often performed as part of routine gynecological check-ups, particularly for women aged 21 to 65 years old.
One common method for collecting vaginal cells is the ThinPrep Pap Test, which uses a liquid-based cytology technique to preserve the sample and improve the accuracy of the analysis.
The ThinPrep method involves collecting cells with a small brush or spatula, which are then rinsed into a vial containing a PreservCyt solution.
This solution helps to preserve the cells and prevent them from drying out or becoming distorted.
Another technique for vaginal smear collection is the SurePath liquid-based Pap test, which is similar to the ThinPrep method.
Both of these techniques have been shown to be more effective than the traditional Pap smear in detecting abnormal cells and reducing the rate of false-positive results.
In addition to the collection method, the analysis of vaginal smear samples can also be enhanced through the use of advanced laboratory techniques.
For example, the Giemsa stain is a commonly used staining method that helps to differentiate between different types of cells and identify any abnormalities.
The use of statistical software, such as SAS version 9.4, can also be beneficial in the analysis of vaginal smear data.
SAS is a powerful tool for data management, analysis, and reporting, and can be used to identify patterns and trends in the data, as well as to perform more complex statistical analyses.
In the context of Sprague-Dawley rats, vaginal smears can be used to monitor the estrous cycle and reproductive status of these animals.
The QIAamp DNA Mini Kit can be used to extract DNA from vaginal smear samples, which can then be analyzed using techniques such as PCR or sequencing to investigate various aspects of the reproductive system.
Overall, vaginal smears are an important tool in the diagnosis and management of various gynecological conditions, and the use of advanced techniques and technologies can help to improve the accuracy and reproducibility of this procedure.