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Cytogenetic Analysis

Cytogenetic Analysis is the scientific discipline that focuses on the study of chromosomes and their structures within cells.
This specialized field combines microscopy, molecular biology, and computational techniques to identify and analyze chromosomal abnormalities associated with genetic disorders, cancer, and other diseases.
Cytogenetic Analysis enables the detection of numerical, structural, and genetic changes in chromosomes, providing crucial insights for diagnosis, treatment, and research.
By examining the karyotype (the complete set of chromosomes in a cell), cytogeneticists can identify chromosomal aberrations, such as aneuploidies, translocations, and deletions, which can lead to profound impacts on human health and devlopment.
This comprehensive analysis of the genome is essential for understanding the genetic basis of various conditions and informing personalized medical approaches.

Most cited protocols related to «Cytogenetic Analysis»

1
Comprehensive Genetic Profiling Protocol
Genetic profiling included cytogenetic analyses and sequencing of 111 genes (Table S2 in the Supplementary Appendix). Sequencing data have been deposited in the European Genome-Phenome Archive (www.ebi.ac.uk/ega) under accession number EGAS00001000275. We based our analysis on variants that we classified as driver mutations, using widely accepted genetic criteria.12 (link) Recurrent fusion genes, aneuploidies, and leukemia gene mutations, including base substitutions and small (<200-bp) insertions or deletions (indels), were all included as drivers.
Papaemmanuil E., Gerstung M., Bullinger L., Gaidzik V.I., Paschka P., Roberts N.D., Potter N.E., Heuser M., Thol F., Bolli N., Gundem G., Van Loo P., Martincorena I., Ganly P., Mudie L., McLaren S., O’Meara S., Raine K., Jones D.R., Teague J.W., Butler A.P., Greaves M.F., Ganser A., Döhner K., Schlenk R.F., Döhner H, & Campbell P.J. (2016). Genomic Classification and Prognosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. The New England journal of medicine, 374(23), 2209-2221.
Publication 2016
Aneuploidy Cytogenetic Analysis Europeans Gene Deletion Genes Genome INDEL Mutation Insertion Mutation Leukemia Mutation Reproduction
2
Cytogenetic Analysis of Acute Leukemia Samples
Cytogenetic analyses of diagnostic (n=5259) and relapse (n=909) samples from patients with AML and ALL enrolled onto a prospective cytogenetic companion study, CALGB 8461 (5 (link)), were performed in multiple, currently 33, CALGB-approved institutional cytogenetic laboratories. Written IRB-approved informed consent was obtained from all patients. For each specimen, two karyotypes and metaphase spreads from each clone were submitted with the data on processing methods to the CALGB Cytogenetic Data Management Center. If applicable, images of interphase and/or metaphase cells subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were also submitted. All cases underwent biannual central karyotype review performed by the CALGB Karyotype Review Committee consisting often expert cancer cytogeneticists. At central karyotype review sessions, every karyotype, metaphase spread, FISH image, and processing and interpretive data were reviewed by two cytogeneticists. In some cases, usually those with more complex chromosome abnormalities and/or with suboptimal banding quality, other reviewers also rendered their opinion. Once consensus was reached, each submission was judged as either acceptable with adequate banding quality, acceptable with borderline banding quality, or inadequate and consequently rejected. Reasons for rejection included poor banding quality that makes unequivocal karyotype interpretation impossible, and, only in cases with a normal karyotype, analysis of <20 metaphase cells from a marrow sample cultured for 24–48 hours or analysis of blood only (5 (link)). Since the aim of this study was to assess the role of central karyotype review, our analyses did not include 202 AML and 125 ALL cases for whom cytogenetic analysis yielded no metaphase cells.
In addition to data on rejection rates collected routinely at each central karyotype review, for the purpose of this study, we prospectively collected detailed information on the reasons for revisions made by central karyotype review in the submitted karyotypes that were accepted or borderline accepted during eight recent central karyotype review sessions. The reasons for revision were divided into the following categories: 1) major errors in karyotype interpretation, such as failure of the submitting laboratory to recognize a clonal abnormality, identification of an abnormality found on central karyotype review not to be present, and incorrect interpretation of an abnormality; 2) the need for refinement of breakpoint assignment in structural abnormalities properly recognized by the submitting laboratory, 3) misidentified or upside-down chromosomes, and 4) incorrect use of the ISCN (1995) nomenclature (47 ). In this study, we excluded samples analyzed cytogenetically during complete remission, because these samples differ from pretreatment and relapse samples in that they rarely contain leukemic cells and are usually karyotypically normal (48 (link)). The rejection rates between the first and the recent four-year periods (Table I) have been compared using the Fisher’s Exact test. All analyses were performed by the CALGB Statistical Center.
Mrózek K., Carroll A.J., Maharry K., Rao K.W., Patil S.R., Pettenati M.J., Watson M.S., Arthur D.C., Tantravahi R., Heerema N.A., Koduru P.R., Block A.W., Qumsiyeh M.B., Edwards C.G., Sterling L.J., Holland K.B, & Bloomfield C.D. (2008). Central review of cytogenetics is necessary for cooperative group correlative and clinical studies of adult acute leukemia: The Cancer and Leukemia Group B experience. International journal of oncology, 33(2), 239-244.
Publication 2008
Cells Chromosome Aberrations Chromosomes Clone Cells Congenital Abnormality Cytogenetic Analysis Diagnosis Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Hematologic Tests Interphase Karyotyping Lanugo Malignant Neoplasms Marrow Metaphase Patients Pets Relapse
3
Integrative Genomic Analysis of Arabidopsis Centromeres
Genomic DNA was extracted from A. thaliana Col-0 plants and used for ONT and PacBio HiFi long-read sequencing and Bionano optical mapping. ONT reads were used to establish a draft assembly, which was then scaffolded and polished with HiFi reads to generate the Col-CEN v1.2 assembly. ONT reads were used to analyze DNA methylation with the Deep-Signal-plant algorithm (20 (link)). CEN180 monomers, higher-order repeats, and ATHILA retrotransposons were identified de novo using custom pipelines. Short-read datasets (table S7) were aligned to Col-CEN to map chromatin and recombination distributions, using standard methods. Cytogenetic analysis of the centromeres was performed using FISH and immunofluorescence staining. A full description of all experimental and computational methods can be found in the supplementary materials.
Naish M., Alonge M., Wlodzimierz P., Tock A.J., Abramson B.W., Schmücker A., Mandáková T., Jamge B., Lambing C., Kuo P., Yelina N., Hartwick N., Colt K., Smith L.M., Ton J., Kakutani T., Martienssen R.A., Schneeberger K., Lysak M.A., Berger F., Bousios A., Michael T.P., Schatz M.C, & Henderson I.R. (2021). The genetic and epigenetic landscape of the Arabidopsis centromeres. Science (New York, N.Y.), 374(6569), eabi7489.
Publication 2021
Centromere Chromatin Cytogenetic Analysis DNA, Plant DNA Methylation Fishes Genome Immunofluorescence Methylation Plants Recombination, Genetic Retrotransposons Vision
4
Comprehensive CMML Database Analysis
Between 1988 and 2018, 606 patients with CMML from 14 hospitals were captured in the ABCMML. This database retrospectively collected epidemiologic, hematologic, biochemical, clinical, immunophenotypic, cytogenetic, molecular and biologic data of patients with CMML from different centers in a real-life setting. Internal review board approval was obtained at each institution. Clinical and laboratory routine parameters were obtained from patient records. A detailed central manual retrospective chart review was carried out to ensure data quality before analysis of data from institutions. Data curation included the extraction of discrete data elements from patient records, a check for accuracy and consistency of data, and a verification that baseline data were reflective of CMML that was strictly defined according to WHO criteria. Since the necessary information was not available in all patient records it was not possible to reclassify all cases according to the most recent WHO classification; however, patients with a history of antecedent CMML and 20% or more blasts in PB and/or BM were uniformly considered as CMML-derived secondary AML.
In one of the centers (Medical University of Vienna) the assessment of hematopoietic colony formation in vitro has been an integral part of the diagnostic work-up in patients with suspected myeloid malignancies for many years [18 (link)]. Samples of PB and/or BM were taken after written informed consent was provided from patients. Cytogenetic analysis was performed using G‑banding according to standard techniques on BM cells 24–48 h in unstimulated culture. Chromosome aberrations were classified according to the International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature (ISCN). The CMML-specific cytogenetic risk classification was low for normal karyotype and isolated-Y, intermediate for other abnormalities and high for trisomy 8, complex karyotype (≥3 abnormalities), and abnormalities of chromosome 7 [8 (link)]. In general samples were taken before any disease-modifying treatment (i.e. allogeneic stem cell transplantation, aggressive chemotherapy or hypomethylating agents).
Geissler K., Jäger E., Barna A., Gurbisz M., Marschon R., Graf T., Graf E., Borjan B., Jilch R., Geissler C., Hoermann G., Esterbauer H., Schwarzinger I., Nösslinger T., Pfeilstöcker M., Tüchler H., Reisner R., Sliwa T., Keil F., Bettelheim P., Machherndl-Spandl S., Doleschal B., Zach O., Weltermann A., Heibl S., Thaler J., Zebisch A., Sill H., Stauder R., Webersinke G., Petzer A., Kusec R., Ulsperger E., Schneeweiss B., Berger J., Öhler L., Germing U., Sperr W.R., Knöbl P., Jäger U, & Valent P. (2019). The Austrian biodatabase for chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (ABCMML): A representative and useful real-life data source for further biomedical research. Wiener Klinische Wochenschrift, 131(17), 410-418.
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Publication 2019
Biopharmaceuticals Cell Culture Techniques Chromosome 8, trisomy Chromosome Aberrations Congenital Abnormality Cytogenetic Analysis Diagnosis Disorder, Chromosomal Hematopoietic System Homo sapiens Immunophenotyping Karyotyping Leukemia, Myelomonocytic, Chronic Malignant Neoplasms Patients Pharmacotherapy Transplantations, Stem Cell
5
Genetic Characterization of Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Cytogenetic analyses in the AMLCG trials were performed centrally, and risk groups were defined according to the 2010 UK Medical Research Council (MRC) and the European LeukemiaNet (ELN) 2017 genetic risk classification (ELN2017). Patients were characterized for NPM1 and CEBPA mutations, FLT3 internal tandem duplications (FLT3-ITD), and KMT2A (formerly MLL) partial tandem duplications (KMT2A-PTD) using standard methods described recently.16 (link) Targeted amplicon sequencing of 68 recurrently mutated genes as published recently was used for genetic characterization in training set 1 and the validation set.17 (link) RNAseq libraries were prepared using the Sense mRNA Seq Library Prep Kit V2 (Lexogen, n=238) and the TruSeq RNA Library Preparation V2 Kit (Illumina, n=12). Between 500–1000 ng total RNA [RNA integrity number (RIN) >7] were used as input material. All sequencing was paired end and performed using polyadenylated-selected and, in case of the Lexogen libraries, stranded RNA sequencing. Processing details and sequencing metrics are provided in the Online Supplementary Appendix. Samples were sequenced on a HiSeq 1500 instrument (Illumina) as 100 bp reads to a targeted depth of 20 million mappable paired reads per sample according to the “Standards, Guidelines and Best Practices for RNA-Seq v.1.0 (June 2011)”18 recommendations of the ENCODE Consortium. Samples were aligned with STAR 2.4.019 (link) to the human hg19 reference genome and analyzed by DESeq2.20 (link) Details regarding the workflow are provided in the Online Supplementary Appendix.
Herold T., Jurinovic V., Batcha A.M., Bamopoulos S.A., Rothenberg-Thurley M., Ksienzyk B., Hartmann L., Greif P.A., Phillippou-Massier J., Krebs S., Blum H., Amler S., Schneider S., Konstandin N., Sauerland M.C., Görlich D., Berdel W.E., Wörmann B.J., Tischer J., Subklewe M., Bohlander S.K., Braess J., Hiddemann W., Metzeler K.H., Mansmann U, & Spiekermann K. (2018). A 29-gene and cytogenetic score for the prediction of resistance to induction treatment in acute myeloid leukemia. Haematologica, 103(3), 456-465.
Publication 2017
CEBPA protein, human Cytogenetic Analysis DNA Library Europeans FLT3 protein, human Genes Genome, Human MLL protein, human Mutation NPM1 protein, human Patients Population at Risk RNA, Messenger RNA-Seq

Most recents protocols related to «Cytogenetic Analysis»

1
Telomere Length Quantification by IF-FISH and PLA
For Proximity Ligation Assay (PLA) staining, HeLa cells, synchronized as above described, were fixed in 2% formaldehyde and permeabilized in 0.25% Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min at room temperature at each endpoint. Then, samples were processed for immunolabeling with anti-TRF1 (rabbit Pab sc-6165, Santa Cruz) and anti-PARP1 (Mouse Mab ALX-804-211-R050, Enzo Life science) antibodies. PLA was performed by using the DUOLINK ® In situ detection reagents Red (Sigma-Aldrich) following the manufacturer’s instructions. For IF-FISH staining, cells, fixed and permeabilized as indicated above, were immunostained with mouse anti-phospho-Histone H2AX (Ser139) (clone JBW301, Merk Millipore) or anti p-S4/S8 RPA (Rabbit Pab Bethyl A300-245A) monoclonal antibodies followed by the by the anti-mouse IgG Alexa fluor 488 or anti-rabbit IgG Alexa fluor 555 secondary antibodies (Cell Signaling). Then samples were re-fixed in 2% formaldehyde, dehydrated with ethanol series (70, 90, 100%), air dried, co-denaturated for 3 min at 80 °C with a Cy3-labeled PNA probe, specific for telomere sequences (TelC-Cy3, Panagene, Daejon, South Korea), and incubated for 2 h in a humidified chamber at room temperature in the dark. After hybridization, slides were washed with 70% formamide, 10 mM TrisHCl pH7.2, BSA 0.1%, and then in TBS/Tween 0.08%, dehydrated with ethanol series, and finally counterstained with DAPI (0.5 μg/ml, Sigma-Aldrich) and mounting medium (Gelvatol Moviol, Sigma Aldrich). Images were captured at 63× magnification with a Leica DMIRE deconvolution microscope equipped with a Leica DFC 350FX camera and elaborated by a Leica LAS X software (Leica, Solms, Germany). This system permits to focus single planes inside the cell generating 3D high-resolution images. For telomere doublets analysis, chromosome spreads were obtained following 4 h incubation in colchicine 5 μM (Sigma-Aldrich) and prepared following standard procedure consisting of treatment with a hypotonic solution (75 mM KCl) for 20 min at 37 °C, followed by fixation in freshly prepared Carnoy solution (3:1 v/v methanol/acetic acid). Cells were then dropped onto slides, air dried, and utilized for cytogenetic analysis. Staining of centromeres and telomeres was performed as previously described32 (link) using the TelC-Cy3 PNA probe, and an Alexa488-labeled PNA probe specific for the human alphoid DNA sequence to mark centromeres (Cent-Alexa488) (both from Panagene, Daejon, South Korea). Metaphase images were captured using an Axio Imager M1 microscope (Zeiss, Jena, Germany) and the ISIS software (Metasystems, Milano, Italy). A total of 100 metaphases were analyzed for each sample in, at least, three independent experiments. Telomere length was calculated as the ratio between the relative fluorescence intensity of each telomere signal (T) and the relative fluorescence intensity of the centromere of chromosome 2 (C) and expressed as percentage (T/C %)33 (link).
Maresca C., Dello Stritto A., D’Angelo C., Petti E., Rizzo A., Vertecchi E., Berardinelli F., Bonanni L., Sgura A., Antoccia A., Graziani G., Biroccio A, & Salvati E. (2023). PARP1 allows proper telomere replication through TRF1 poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation and helicase recruitment. Communications Biology, 6, 234.
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Publication 2023
Acetic Acid Acid Hybridizations, Nucleic alexa fluor 488 Alexa Fluor 555 anti-IgG Antibodies Biological Assay Cells Centromere Chromosomes Chromosomes, Human, Pair 2 Clone Cells Colchicine Cytogenetic Analysis DAPI DNA Sequence Ethanol Fishes Fluorescence Formaldehyde formamide H2AX protein, human HeLa Cells Homo sapiens Hypotonic Solutions Ligation Metaphase Methanol Microscopy Monoclonal Antibodies Mus PARP1 protein, human Rabbits Telomere Triton X-100 Tweens
2
V(D)J Rearrangement Analysis in CLL
This study included 71 CLL patients diagnosed by iwCLL criteria with results of V(D)J rearrangements in Tongji Hospital from October 2017 to March 2022 (9 (link)). A total of 71 peripheral blood (PB), bone marrow (BM) or lymph node (LN) samples were collected and underwent cytogenetic analysis, including 30 cases examined by karyotyping and 50 cases examined by FISH. Clinicopathologic features, including age (71/71), sex (71/71), and Rai stage or Binet stage (37/71), were retrospectively collected. Samples with incomplete or inconclusive results of V(D)J rearrangements were excluded from this study. All samples were collected after written informed consent was obtained in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
Deng X., Zhang M., Wang J., Zhou X, & Xiao M. (2023). Characterization of clonal immunoglobulin heavy V-D-J gene rearrangements in Chinese patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Clinical features and molecular profiles. Frontiers in Oncology, 13, 1120867.
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Publication 2023
BLOOD Bone Marrow Cytogenetic Analysis Fishes Nodes, Lymph Patients V(D)J Recombination
3
Intensive vs. Low-Intensity Regimens for Ph-Negative B-ALL
The study cohort included patients with Ph-negative B-ALL ages 18 to 59 years enrolled in the GRAALL-2014 trial between 2016 and 2020 and French patients ages ≥55 years enrolled in the EWALL-INO trial between 2017 and 2022 (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT02617004 and NCT03249870, respectively). The GRAALL-2014 protocol was an intensive pediatric-inspired treatment similar to the GRAALL-2005 (5 (link)), but with age adaptation of doses for patients 45 to 59 years old. The standard induction comprised prednisone, daunorubicin, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, L-asparaginase, and intrathecal prophylaxis. The EWALL-INO protocol was a treatment based on a low-intensity chemotherapy backbone and intrathecal prophylaxis with the addition of inotuzumab ozogamicin (INO) during the two-phase induction. The first induction phase comprised 3 doses of INO (D1: 0.8 mg/m2, D8 and D15: 0.5 mg/m2) in combination with weekly vincristine 2 mg i.v. and dexamethasone 40 mg for 4 weeks, and the second phase comprised 2 doses of INO at 0.5 mg/m2 in combination with dexamethasone 20 mg (D1 and D8) and cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2/day i.v. D1–3. All the patients provided written informed consent for sample banking and analyses. The study was in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. Cytogenetic analyses at diagnosis were performed by local laboratories using standard procedures. Molecular analyses were performed centrally as previously described (36 (link)). Briefly, mononuclear cells from pretreatment bone marrow or peripheral blood samples were isolated by Ficoll centrifugation, and blast percentage was assessed by flow cytometry in most cases before nucleic acid extraction. MRD was assessed by the quantification of clonal IG/TR rearrangements, according to the EuroMRD guidelines.
Kim R., Bergugnat H., Larcher L., Duchmann M., Passet M., Gachet S., Cuccuini W., Lafage-Pochitaloff M., Pastoret C., Grardel N., Asnafi V., Schäfer B.W., Delabesse E., Itzykson R., Adès L., Hicheri Y., Chalandon Y., Graux C., Chevallier P., Hunault M., Leguay T., Huguet F., Lhéritier V., Dombret H., Soulier J., Rousselot P., Boissel N, & Clappier E. (2023). Adult Low-Hypodiploid Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Emerges from Preleukemic TP53-Mutant Clonal Hematopoiesis. Blood Cancer Discovery, 4(2), 134-149.
Publication 2023
Acclimatization Asparaginase BLOOD Bone Marrow Cells Centrifugation Clone Cells Cyclophosphamide Cytogenetic Analysis Daunorubicin Dexamethasone Diagnosis Ficoll Flow Cytometry Gene Rearrangement Inotuzumab Ozogamicin Nucleic Acids Patients Pharmacotherapy Prednisone Vertebral Column Vincristine
4
Cytogenetic analysis of pseudoscorpion species
We used chromosome slides obtained from several individuals of each putative species for the cytogenetic analyses (Table S1). The chromosome preparations were made from the gonads using the technique previously applied in chernetid pseudoscorpions [95 (link)]. During this process, the gonad was hypotonized in 0.075 M KCl for 15 min, fixed in methanol:glacial acetic acid (3:1) for 20 min and dissociated in a drop of 60% acetic acid. The suspension was spread on a microscope slide on a warm histological plate (45 °C). Finally, the chromosomes were stained in 5% Giemsa solution in Sörensen phosphate buffer for 30 min and documented through an Olympus AX70 Provis microscope using an Olympus DP72 camera and QuickPHOTO CAMERA v.2.3 software (Promicra, Prague, Czechia). For each species, five nuclei were measured using the plug-in Levan for ImageJ [96 ]. This plugin utilizes the chromosome classification according to Levan, et al. [97 (link)] and Green and Sessions [98 ]. We analyzed subtelocentric and telocentric chromosomal types together, due to difficulties in locating the exact position of centromere in the distal region of small chromosomes. We classified these types as one-armed chromosomes, whereas metacentric and submetacentric chromosomes were considered as bi-armed.
In our cytogenetic analyses, we also implemented fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with an 18S rDNA probe for identification of rDNA clusters in all karyotyped individuals of Lamprochernes abditus sp. nov., L. chyzeri and L. nodosus. The probe was prepared from the scorpion Euscorpius sicanus (C. L. Koch, 1837) (Euscorpiidae), according to Šťáhlavský, et al. [99 (link)]. This probe was labelled with biotin-14-dUTP (Roche) using Nick Translation Kit (Abbott Molecular), according to the manufacturer’s protocol. FISH protocol followed Sadílek, et al. [100 (link)]. During the procedure, chromosome preparations were treated with RNase A and denatured at 68 °C for 3 min 30 s in 70% formamide in 2× SSC. Biotin-labelled probe was hybridized on the chromosomal preparation overnight and the signal was detected by streptavidine-Cy3. The chromosomes were counterstained by Fluoroshield™ with DAPI (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) and photographed using an ORCA-AG monochromatic camera (Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan) on an Olympus IX81 microscope. The images were pseudocolored (red for Cy3 and blue for DAPI) and superimposed with ImageJ software (https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/ (accessed on 5 May 2022)).
Christophoryová J., Krajčovičová K., Šťáhlavský F., Španiel S, & Opatova V. (2023). Integrative Taxonomy Approach Reveals Cryptic Diversity within the Phoretic Pseudoscorpion Genus Lamprochernes (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae). Insects, 14(2), 122.
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Publication 2023
Acetic Acid Biotin Buffers Cell Nucleus Centromere Chromosomes Cytogenetic Analysis DAPI deoxyuridine triphosphate DNA, Ribosomal Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Fluoroshield formamide Gonads levan Methanol Microscopy Orcinus orca Phosphates Ribonucleases Scorpions
5
Molecular and Morphological Delineation of Lamprochernes Mites
Lamprochernes individuals were collected by compost sifting and extraction and from on or under tree bark across Europe (Table S1, Figure 1). The specimens were preliminarily determined, following the literature [56 (link)]. Distribution maps were created in SimpleMappr [71 ] and edited with Adobe Illustrator. Geographic distances among sample localities were obtained in Geographic Distance Matrix Generator [72 ]. To delimit Lamprochernes species, we first implemented a molecular data-based species discovery step, which was followed by a species validation step combining multispecies coalescent analyses (molecular data), morphometric analyses (morphology data) and cytogenetic analyses (karyotype data).
Christophoryová J., Krajčovičová K., Šťáhlavský F., Španiel S, & Opatova V. (2023). Integrative Taxonomy Approach Reveals Cryptic Diversity within the Phoretic Pseudoscorpion Genus Lamprochernes (Pseudoscorpiones: Chernetidae). Insects, 14(2), 122.
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Publication 2023
Cytogenetic Analysis Karyotyping Microtubule-Associated Proteins Tree Bark

Top products related to «Cytogenetic Analysis»

1
Colcemid by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Colcemid is a chemical compound primarily used in cell biology research. It functions as a mitotic inhibitor, arresting cells in metaphase of the cell division cycle. Colcemid disrupts microtubule formation, thereby preventing the proper segregation of chromosomes during mitosis.
2
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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ISIS software is a data analysis and visualization tool used in laboratory settings. It provides functionalities for processing and interpreting data from various experimental techniques.
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Trusight myeloid sequencing panel by Illumina
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The TruSight Myeloid Sequencing Panel is a targeted next-generation sequencing assay designed to detect genetic variants associated with myeloid neoplasms. The panel covers over 50 key genes related to myeloid malignancies, enabling comprehensive genetic profiling of samples.
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Mda mb 231 by American Type Culture Collection
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MDA-MB-231 is a cell line derived from a human breast adenocarcinoma. This cell line is commonly used in cancer research and is known for its aggressive and metastatic properties.
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GlutaMAX is a chemically defined, L-glutamine substitute for cell culture media. It is a stable source of L-glutamine that does not degrade over time like L-glutamine. GlutaMAX helps maintain consistent cell growth and performance in cell culture applications.
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Colchicine is a chemical compound used in various laboratory and research applications. It is a naturally occurring alkaloid derived from the autumn crocus plant. Colchicine is primarily used as a research tool to study cell division and microtubule dynamics.
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Ikaros software by MetaSystems
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Ikaros is a software application developed by MetaSystems to support image analysis and processing. It serves as a platform for visualizing and manipulating digital images, with a focus on cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic applications.

More about "Cytogenetic Analysis"

Cytogenetic Analysis, also known as Chromosome Analysis or Karyotyping, is a crucial field of study that focuses on the examination and evaluation of chromosomes within cells.
This specialized discipline combines advanced microscopy, molecular biology techniques, and computational methods to identify and analyze chromosomal abnormalities associated with genetic disorders, cancer, and other diseases.
Through Cytogenetic Analysis, researchers and clinicians can detect numerical, structural, and genetic changes in chromosomes, providing invaluable insights for diagnosis, treatment, and research.
By examining the karyotype, the complete set of chromosomes in a cell, cytogeneticists can identify chromosomal aberrations, such as aneuploidies (an abnormal number of chromosomes), translocations (where parts of chromosomes are exchanged), and deletions (where parts of chromosomes are missing).
Techniques like Colcemid treatment, which arrests cells in metaphase, and FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) culturing, are commonly used in Cytogenetic Analysis to prepare and analyze chromosomes.
The ISIS software and the TruSight Myeloid Sequencing Panel are among the tools and technologies employed in this field to enhance chromosomal analysis and identification of genetic mutations.
Cytogenetic Analysis is particularly relevant in the study of cancer, where chromosomal abnormalities are often observed in cell lines like MDA-MB-231 (a breast cancer cell line) and HCT116 (a colorectal cancer cell line).
Substances like L-glutamine, GlutaMAX, Colchicine, and Ikaros software may also be utilized in various stages of the cytogenetic workflow.
By leveraging the insights gained from Cytogenetic Analysis, researchers and clinicians can better understand the genetic basis of various conditions, leading to more personalized and effective medical approaches.
This comprehensive analysis of the genome is essential for advancing our knowledge and improving the diagnosis, treatment, and management of genetic disorders and other diseases.