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> Procedures > Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure > Anesthesia

Anesthesia

Anesthesia is a crucial medical discipline that focuses on the administration of medications to induce a state of unconsciousness, pain relief, and muscle relaxation during medical procedures.
This field encompasses a wide range of techniques, including general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, and local anesthesia, each tailored to the specific needs of the patient and the surgical procedure.
Anesthesiologists play a vital role in ensuring patient safety and comfort throughout the entire perioperative process, from pre-operative assessment to post-operative care.
Their expertise in pharmacology, physiology, and critical care management is essential for managing the complex physiological changes that occur during anesthesia.
Continous research in this field aims to develop new and improved anesthestia methods, medications, and monitoring technologies to enhance patient outcomes and minimize risks.
Whether you're a healthcare provider, researcher, or simply interested in the science of anesthesia, this MeSH term offers a comprihensive overview of this dynamic and essential medical discipline.

Most cited protocols related to «Anesthesia»

1
Twitcher Mouse Genotyping and Surgical Procedures
The Twitcher mouse colony (Twi+/− C57BL6 mice; Jackson Labs) was generously donated by Dr. A. Biffi (San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy). Animals were maintained and used according to the protocols and ethical guidelines approved by the Ministry of Health, as per Italian law (Permit Number: 0004419).
Genomic DNA was extracted from the clipped tails of mice by Proteinase K lysis buffer as previously described42 (link). The genetic status of each mouse was determined from the genome analysis of the twitcher mutation, as reported in ref. 31 (link). TWI male mice at P30 and P15 and their WT male littermates were used for experiments, while the TWI-Het littermates for the TWI colony maintenance31 (link), 42 (link). Surgical procedures for fixation were performed under urethane anesthesia (Sigma, 0.8 ml/hg), and all efforts were made to minimize mice suffering.
Cappello V., Marchetti L., Parlanti P., Landi S., Tonazzini I., Cecchini M., Piazza V, & Gemmi M. (2016). Ultrastructural Characterization of the Lower Motor System in a Mouse Model of Krabbe Disease. Scientific Reports, 6, 1.
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Publication 2016
Anesthesia Animals Buffers Endopeptidase K Genome Males Mice, House Mutation Operative Surgical Procedures Reproduction Tail Therapy, Gene Urethane
2
Comparative Assessment of Mechanosensory Thresholds
All prospective mechanosensitivity experiments with animals were conducted in accordance with the guidelines from the Canadian Council on Animal Care and approval of the Laval University Animal Care Committee. PWT was measured in adult male C57BL/6 mice using von Frey filaments 2 through 9. Mice were placed in acrylic chambers (5.5 × 10 cm) suspended above a wire mesh grid and allowed to acclimatize to the testing apparatus for 1 hour prior to experiments. When the mouse was not moving the von Frey filaments were pressed against the plantar surface of the paw until the filament buckled and held for a maximum of 3 seconds. A positive response was noted if the paw was sharply withdrawn on application of the filament. Flinching immediately upon removal of the filament was also considered a positive response as previously described [3 (link)]. Testing began with filament number 5 and progressed according to an up-down method. Mice were randomly assigned to be tested either with the method of Chaplan et al. [3 (link)] or SUDO. After the first measurement of PWT, a second measurement of PWT was conducted using the alternate test. In some prospective experiments, hyperalgesia was induced by intraplantar injection of capsaicin (0.5% w/v, 5 μl) or complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA; 10 μl) in one hind paw under brief anesthesia with isoflurane (<3 minutes, 4% isoflurane). PWT was measured 3 hours after intraplantar injection of either compound and again 3 days after injection of CFA. The PWT estimates derived using SUDO or the method of Chaplan et al. [3 (link)] for each condition were compared using a paired t-test in Graphpad Prism 5.
Bonin R.P., Bories C, & De Koninck Y. (2014). A simplified up-down method (SUDO) for measuring mechanical nociception in rodents using von Frey filaments. Molecular Pain, 10, 26.
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Publication 2014
Adult Anesthesia Animal Care Committees Animals ARID1A protein, human Capsaicin Cytoskeletal Filaments Freund's Adjuvant Hyperalgesia Isoflurane Males Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL prisma
3
Xenograft Model of Breast Cancer
Six weeks old female NMRI (Naval Medical Research Institute) nude mice were acquired from Taconic Europe (Lille Skensved, Denmark) and allowed to acclimate one week in the animal facility before any intervention was initiated. All experimental procedures were conducted with the guidelines set forth by the Danish Ministry of Justice. Estrogen pellets, 0.72 mg 17-β-Estradiol, 60-day release (Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, FL, USA), were implanted s.c. during anesthesia with 1:1 v/v mixture of Hypnorm® (Janssen Pharmaceutica, Beerse, Belgium) and Dormicum® (Roche, Basel, Switzerland). One week after implantation of pellets, MCF-7 (human breast adenocarcinoma) tumor cells (107 cells in 100 μL medium mixed with 100 μL Matrixgel™ Basement Membrane Matrix (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA)) were injected subcutaneous into the left and right flank respectively. Cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin in 5% CO2 at 37°C.
Jensen M.M., Jørgensen J.T., Binderup T, & Kjær A. (2008). Tumor volume in subcutaneous mouse xenografts measured by microCT is more accurate and reproducible than determined by 18F-FDG-microPET or external caliper. BMC Medical Imaging, 8, 16.
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Publication 2008
Adenocarcinoma Anesthesia Animals Breast Cells Culture Media Dormicum Eagle Estradiol Estrogens Females Fetal Bovine Serum Homo sapiens Hypnorm Magnetic Resonance Imaging Membrane, Basement Mice, Nude Neoplasms Ovum Implantation Pellets, Drug Penicillins Streptomycin
4
Imaging Spine Dynamics in Mice
Young (1 month old) and adult (> 4 months old) mice expressing YFP in a small subset of cortical neurons (YFP-H line29 (link)) were used in all the experiments. Young mice were trained on the single-seed reaching task for up to 16 days and displayed a stereotypical learning curve (Fig. 1b). Naive adult mice and mice that had been previously trained with the single-seed reaching task in adolescence were trained with either the same reaching task or a novel capellini handling task for up to 8 days (see Methods). Apical dendrites of layer V pyramidal neurons, 10–100 μm below the cortical surface, were repeatedly imaged in mice under ketamine–xylazine anaesthesia with two-photon laser scanning microscopy. Spine dynamics in the motor cortex and other regions were followed over various intervals. Imaged regions were initially guided by stereotaxic measurements. In 14 mice, intracortical microstimulation (see Methods) was performed at the end of repetitive imaging to determine the location of acquired images relative to the functional forelimb motor map (Supplementary Fig. 2). In total, 32,079 spines from 209 mice were tracked over 2–4 imaging sessions, with 121 mice imaged twice, 79 mice three times and 9 mice imaged four times. Spine formation and elimination rates in each mouse were determined by comparing images of the same dendrites acquired at two time points; all changes were expressed relative to the total number of spines seen in the initial images. The number of spines analysed and the percentage of spine elimination and formation under various experimental conditions are summarized in Supplementary Table 1. To quantify spine size, calibrated spine head diameters were measured over time30 (link) (Supplementary Notes). All data are presented as mean ± s.d., unless otherwise stated. P-values were calculated using the Student's t-test. A non-parametric Mann–Whitney U-test was used to confirm all conclusions.
Xu T., Yu X., Perlik A.J., Tobin W.F., Zweig J.A., Tennant K., Jones T, & Zuo Y. (2009). Rapid formation and selective stabilization of synapses for enduring motor memories. Nature, 462(7275), 915-919.
Publication 2009
Adult Anesthesia Cortex, Cerebral Dendrites Head Ketamine Laser Scanning Microscopy Learning Curve Mice, Laboratory Motor Cortex Neurons Pyramidal Cells Stereotypic Movement Disorder Upper Extremity Vertebral Column Vision Xylazine
5
Inducible Mouse Genetic Lineage Tracing
Pax7f and Pax7CE alleles are in Fig. S1 and S2. The Pax3f allele was described19 (link). R26R14 (link) and CreEsr18 (link) mice were from the Jackson Laboratory. Tmx (Sigma) was administered intra-peritoneally (animals > 2 weeks) or subcutaneously (< 2 weeks) at 3 mg / 40 g body weight / injection. CTX (10 μM, Sigma) was injected into TA muscles (after anesthesia) at 100 μl (animals > 2 months) and 50 μl (< 2 months). EdU (Invitrogen) was injected at 0.1 mg / 30 g bodyweight per injection. All procedures were approved by IACUC.
Lepper C., Conway S.J, & Fan C.M. (2009). Adult satellite cells and embryonic muscle progenitors have distinct genetic requirements. Nature, 460(7255), 627-631.
Publication 2009
Alleles Anesthesia Animals Body Weight Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Mice, House Muscle Tissue

Most recents protocols related to «Anesthesia»

1
Surgical Wound Treatment Regimen
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

General Treatment Regimen

Surgical treatment of a wound may be required before starting therapy. The wound area is opened as completely as possible. General surgical debridement is performed. Avital tissue and bone parts are removed if necessary. This serves as a first reduction of the germ load and prepares the wound bed. After sufficient hemostasis has been achieved, a first dressing (activated carbon NPWT) can be applied.

The combination therapy according to the invention is usually carried out in the outpatient department. Thanks to this less painful procedure, analgesics or even anesthesia standby can generally be dispensed with. Dressing changes are carried out under sterile conditions (sterile gloves, work surfaces, face masks). For this reason, two people are optimally required to carry out this therapy quickly and safely.

US11872247B2. Combination of a wound-rinsing solution and cold plasma for the treatment of wounds (2024-01-16). Westfaelische Wilhelms-Universitaet Muenster [DE]. Inventors: Heinrich Rotering [DE].
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Patent 2024
Analgesics Anesthesia Bones Charcoal, Activated Cold Plasma Combined Modality Therapy Debridement Hemostasis Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy Operative Surgical Procedures Outpatients Pain, Procedural Sterility, Reproductive Therapeutics Tissues Treatment Protocols Wounds
2
Preoperative Predictors of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications
The following data were recorded during the preoperative examination: Sex, age, height, body weight, BMI, smoking history, complete blood count (leukocytes, hemoglobin, platelets), liver function tests (liver enzymes, albumin), renal function tests, preoperative oxygen saturation, history of previous surgery, and concomitant diseases (type 2 diabetes, hypertension, pulmonary and cardiac diseases).
The following data were also collected: History and physical examination findings, chest radiographs, computed tomographic examinations of the chest (CT), electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography (if required), pulmonary function test results (forced expiratory volume (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and FEV1/FVC ratio), and arterial blood gases. In patients with lung cancer, the type and stage of malignancy were determined, and flexible bronchoscopy was performed.
During the intraoperative process, the type of endotracheal tube, the duration of anesthesia and surgery, the surgical procedure (VATS, thoracotomy, mediastinoscopy, and others) performed, and complications that required intraoperative treatment were also noted.
PPCs have been defined as complications that occur in the postoperative period and cause clinical conditions.
Eldaabossi S., Al-Ghoneimy Y., Ghoneim A., Awad A., Mahdi W., Farouk A., Soliman H., Kanany H., Antar A., Gaber Y., Shaarawy A., Nabawy O., Atef M., Nour S.O, & Kabil A. (2023). The ARISCAT Risk Index as a Predictor of Pulmonary Complications After Thoracic Surgeries, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 16, 625-634.
Publication 2023
Albumins Anesthesia Arteries Blood Gas Analysis Blood Platelets Body Weight Bronchoscopy Chest Complete Blood Count concomitant disease Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent Echocardiography Electrocardiography Enzymes Exhaling Forced Vital Capacity Heart Diseases Hemoglobin High Blood Pressures Kidney Function Tests Leukocytes Liver Liver Function Tests Lung Lung Cancer Mediastinoscopy Operative Surgical Procedures Oxygen Saturation Patients Physical Examination Radiography, Thoracic Staging, Cancer Tests, Pulmonary Function Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted Thoracotomy Training Programs Volumes, Forced Expiratory X-Ray Computed Tomography
3
Dandelion Root Intake and Anesthesia
Every morning for four weeks, the animals received fresh dandelion root in a 250 ml volume bottle [6 (link)]. In order to accurately record the intake of dandelion root, each animal was placed in a separate cage, while the volume of tea was recorded daily. The average daily dandelion root intake was 39.44 ± 2.67 ml in the experimental group, while the control group took tap water in an average amount of 42.85 ± 3.16 ml.
The animals were subjected to anesthesia at the end of the experimental protocol prior to sacrifice. A mixture of ketamine (Vet-Agro, Lublin, Poland) and xylazine (De Adelaar B.V, Venray, Holland) was prepared in a syringe. Administration of 25 µl/kg ketamine and 62.5 µl/kg xylazine was equivalent to the recommended dosage of 10 mg ketamine/kg and 5 mg xylazine/kg for rats [11 (link)]. The ketamine/xylazine mixture was administered i.p., and after 2 min, animals were sacrificed by decapitation.
Radoman K., Zivkovic V., Zdravkovic N., Chichkova N.V., Bolevich S, & Jakovljevic V. (2023). Effects of dandelion root on rat heart function and oxidative status. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, 23, 78.
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Publication 2023
Anesthesia Animals AT protocol Decapitation Ketamine Plant Roots Rattus norvegicus Syringes Taraxacum Xylazine
4
BALB/c Mouse Model of Liver Fibrosis
Normal male BALB/c mice, aged 6 weeks and initially weighing 18 − 20 g, were purchased from the Laboratory Animal Center (Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China). All animals received humane care. All experimental procedures on mice were approved by the ethics committee of The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University. The animals were housed in a controlled environment (12 h light/dark cycle; temperature: 22 − 24 °C) and received water ad libitum in the Animal Care Facility Service (Guangxi Medical University). The mice were divided into three groups, with six mice in each group: (1) the mice in group 1 were control animals and received a vehicle (olive oil); (2) the mice in group 2 were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) (0.1 mL of a solution containing 20 g of CCl4 dissolved in olive oil at a 1:10 ratio) three times per week for 4 or 6 weeks to induce liver fibrosis; and (3) the mice in group 3 were injected intraperitoneally with CCl4 (0.1 mL of a solution containing 20 g of CCl4 dissolved in olive oil at a 1:10 ratio) three times per week for 4 or 6 weeks to induce liver fibrosis. All mice were killed under light ether anesthesia 72 h after the final dose of CCl4 or olive oil. The liver was immediately removed. All samples were kept on ice until analysis. First, the liver was cut into fragments. Then, liver samples were either stored in formaldehyde or snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at − 80 °C.
Liao X., Ruan X., Wu X., Deng Z., Qin S, & Jiang H. (2023). Identification of Timm13 protein translocase of the mitochondrial inner membrane as a potential mediator of liver fibrosis based on bioinformatics and experimental verification. Journal of Translational Medicine, 21, 188.
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Publication 2023
Anesthesia Animals Animals, Laboratory CCL4 protein, human Environment, Controlled Ethics Committees, Clinical Ethyl Ether Fibrosis, Liver Formaldehyde Freezing Light Liver Males Mice, House Mice, Inbred BALB C Nitrogen Oil, Olive Service Animals
5
Neuroimaging of Anesthetized Ferrets

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Publication 2023
Agar Anesthesia Anesthetics Animals Bone Screws Brain Cerebrospinal Fluid Cortex, Cerebral Craniotomy Cranium Dehydration Dura Mater Eye Movements Ferrets Glucose Isoflurane Ketamine Lactated Ringer's Solution Operative Surgical Procedures Oxide, Nitrous Oxygen Pentobarbital Sodium physiology Punctures Rate, Heart Reading Frames Respiratory Rate Rocuronium Bromide Saline Solution Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen Scalp Temporal Muscle Tissues Trachea Tracheostomy Visual Cortex Xylazine

Top products related to «Anesthesia»

1
Rompun by Bayer
Sourced in Germany, France, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Brazil, Belgium, Cameroon, Switzerland, Spain, Australia, Ireland, Sweden, Portugal, Netherlands, Austria, Denmark, New Zealand
Rompun is a veterinary drug used as a sedative and analgesic for animals. It contains the active ingredient xylazine hydrochloride. Rompun is designed to induce a state of sedation and pain relief in animals during medical procedures or transportation.
2
Vevo 2100 by Fujifilm
Sourced in Canada, United States, Japan
The Vevo 2100 is a high-resolution, real-time in vivo imaging system designed for preclinical research. It utilizes advanced ultrasound technology to capture detailed images and data of small animal subjects.
3
C57bl 6j mice by Jackson ImmunoResearch
Sourced in United States, Montenegro, Japan, Canada, United Kingdom, Germany, Macao, Switzerland, China
C57BL/6J mice are a widely used inbred mouse strain. They are a commonly used model organism in biomedical research.
4
Isoflurane by Baxter
Sourced in United States, Germany, Sweden, France, Denmark, United Kingdom, Canada, Italy, Norway, Austria, Switzerland, Poland, Puerto Rico, Belgium, Australia, Spain, Finland
Isoflurane is a volatile anesthetic agent used in the medical field. It is a clear, colorless, and nonflammable liquid that is vaporized and administered through inhalation. Isoflurane is primarily used to induce and maintain general anesthesia during surgical procedures.
5
Sprague dawley rat by Charles River Laboratories
Sourced in United States, China, Germany, Canada, United Kingdom, Japan, France, Italy, Morocco, Hungary, New Caledonia, Montenegro, India
Sprague-Dawley rats are an outbred albino rat strain commonly used in laboratory research. They are characterized by their calm temperament and reliable reproductive performance.
6
Pentobarbital sodium by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Sao Tome and Principe, United Kingdom, Japan, Italy, Canada, Hungary, Macao
Pentobarbital sodium is a laboratory chemical compound. It is a barbiturate drug that acts as a central nervous system depressant. Pentobarbital sodium is commonly used in research and scientific applications.
7
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Italy, France, Switzerland, New Zealand, Brazil, Belgium, India, Spain, Israel, Austria, Poland, Ireland, Sweden, Macao, Netherlands, Denmark, Cameroon, Singapore, Portugal, Argentina, Holy See (Vatican City State), Morocco, Uruguay, Mexico, Thailand, Sao Tome and Principe, Hungary, Panama, Hong Kong, Norway, United Arab Emirates, Czechia, Russian Federation, Chile, Moldova, Republic of, Gabon, Palestine, State of, Saudi Arabia, Senegal
Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
8
Matrigel by BD
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, Canada, Japan, Italy, France, Belgium, Australia, Uruguay, Switzerland, Israel, India, Spain, Morocco, Austria, Brazil, Ireland, Netherlands, Montenegro, Poland, Denmark
Matrigel is a solubilized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma, a tumor rich in extracellular matrix proteins. It is widely used as a substrate for the in vitro cultivation of cells, particularly those that require a more physiologically relevant microenvironment for growth and differentiation.
9
C57bl 6 mice by Jackson ImmunoResearch
Sourced in United States, Montenegro, Canada, China, France, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany
C57BL/6 mice are a widely used inbred mouse strain commonly used in biomedical research. They are known for their black coat color and are a popular model organism due to their well-characterized genetic and physiological traits.
10
Stereotaxic frame by Kopf Instruments
Sourced in United States, Germany, Italy
The Stereotaxic frame is a laboratory instrument used to immobilize and position the head of a subject, typically an animal, during surgical or experimental procedures. It provides a secure and reproducible method for aligning the subject's head in a three-dimensional coordinate system to enable precise targeting of specific brain regions.

More about "Anesthesia"

Anesthesia is a critical medical discipline that focuses on the administration of medications to induce a state of unconsciousness, pain relief, and muscle relaxation during medical procedures.
This field encompasses a wide range of techniques, including general anesthesia, regional anesthesia, and local anesthesia, each tailored to the specific needs of the patient and the surgical procedure.
Anesthesiologists play a vital role in ensuring patient safety and comfort throughout the entire perioperative process, from pre-operative assessment to post-operative care.
Their expertise in pharmacology, physiology, and critical care management is essential for managing the complex physiological changes that occur during anesthesia.
Continuous research in this field aims to develop new and improved anesthesia methods, medications, and monitoring technologies to enhance patient outcomes and minimize risks.
Rompun, a veterinary anesthetic, and Vevo 2100, an ultrasound imaging system, are often used in animal studies related to anesthesia.
C57BL/6J mice and Sprague-Dawley rats are common animal models in this research.
Isoflurane, a volatile anesthetic, and Pentobarbital sodium, an injectable anesthetic, are widely used in both human and animal anesthesia.
FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum) and Matrigel are materials used in cell culture and tissue engineering experiments, which may be relevant to anesthesia research.
C57BL/6 mice are another commonly used mouse strain in various studies, including those related to anesthesia.
Whether you're a healthcare provider, researcher, or simply interested in the science of anesthesia, this field offers a comrehensive overview of this dynamic and essential medical discipline.
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