Finally, a structure for the framework, in terms of organisation of components and links between them was arrived at through an iterative process of discussion and testing against specific examples and counter-examples. Linking interventions to components of the behaviour system was achieved with the help of a broad theory of motivation that encapsulated both reflective and automatic aspects, and focused on the moment to moment control of behaviour by the internal and external environment which in turn is influenced by that behaviour and the processes leading up to it [7 ]. Thus, for example, interventions that involved coercion could influence reflective motivation by changing conscious evaluations of the options or by establishing automatic associations between anticipation of the behaviour and negative feelings in the presence of particular cues. There is not the space to go into details of this analysis here. These can be found in [7 ].
Behavior Control
It encompasses the processes and strategies used to influence, modify, or direct behavior towards desired outcomes.
This can involve techniques such as reinforcement, punishment, self-monitoring, and cognitive-behavioral interventions.
Effective behavior control is crucial in various domains, including mental health, education, organizational management, and public policy.
By understanding and applying behavior control principles, researchers and practitioners can optimize human performance, promote adaptive behaviors, and address maladaptive patterns.
The field of behavior control draws from psychology, neuroscience, and other relevant disciplines to develop evidence-based approahces that empower individuals and organizations to achieve their goals.
Most cited protocols related to «Behavior Control»
Finally, a structure for the framework, in terms of organisation of components and links between them was arrived at through an iterative process of discussion and testing against specific examples and counter-examples. Linking interventions to components of the behaviour system was achieved with the help of a broad theory of motivation that encapsulated both reflective and automatic aspects, and focused on the moment to moment control of behaviour by the internal and external environment which in turn is influenced by that behaviour and the processes leading up to it [7 ]. Thus, for example, interventions that involved coercion could influence reflective motivation by changing conscious evaluations of the options or by establishing automatic associations between anticipation of the behaviour and negative feelings in the presence of particular cues. There is not the space to go into details of this analysis here. These can be found in [7 ].
[41 (link)] (i.e., Perceived behavioral control, Attitudes, Subjective norm, and Intention) and Social Cognitive Theory
[42 (link)] (i.e., Self-efficacy, Outcome expectancies, and Social support); existence of validated scales (i.e., Optimism, Pessimism, Action planning, Attention, Affect, Stress, Automaticity, and Self-monitoring); and/or relevance to the implementation of PA interventions in routine healthcare by mapping factors resulting from previous research
[43 (link),44 (link)] onto the TDF domains. JP and JMH independently identified that the constructs Reinforcement, Priority, Resources/materials, and Descriptive norm were salient in the previous PA-based research and thus these constructs were also included as construct-indicators of their respective domains.
Items measuring constructs within the domains Knowledge, Beliefs about capabilities, Optimism, Beliefs about consequences, Intentions, Social influences, Emotion, and Behavioral regulation were adapted from previously published questionnaires (i.e.,
[34 (link),35 (link),41 (link),42 (link),45 -53 ]). Given lack of available questionnaires in the literature for some domains, new items were created for the domains Skills, Social/professional role and identity, Reinforcement, and Environmental context and resources. With regard to the domain Goals, items were newly developed for the construct Priority (as none could be located in the literature), while items measuring the construct Action planning were adapted from a previously published questionnaire
[46 (link)]. With regard to the domain Memory, attention, and decision making, items measuring the construct Attention were adapted from a previously published questionnaire
[51 (link)] and items measuring the construct Memory were newly developed. New items were developed based on discussions between JP and JMH. These discussions were informed by the academic literature on the concept and definition of specific domains and constructs, questions to identify behavior change processes as formulated by Michie et al.[31 (link)], and themes emerging from interviews on the implementation of PA interventions
[43 (link)]. WAG and MRC supervised the development of the questionnaire and reviewed items’ face validity.
To develop a questionnaire which could be used by researchers in different fields of implementation research, items were formulated in a generic way using a '[action] in [context, time] with [target]’ construction based on the 'TACT principle’
[38 ], whereby researchers can specify the target, action, context, and time relevant to their research. The questionnaire was developed in English, then translated to Dutch and back-translated to English by an independent translator. The small amount of differences between the original and back-translated version of the questionnaire were discussed and adaptations were made.
1. Their conceptual relatedness to the content of the domain (i.e., Knowledge, Skills, Professional role, and Memory);
2. Their inclusion in relevant theories frequently used in the field of behavior change (and thus ready access to existing items): the Theory of Planned Behavior [41 (link)] (i.e., Perceived behavioral control, Attitude, Subjective norm, and Intention) and Social Cognitive Theory [42 (link)] (i.e., Self-efficacy, Outcome expectancies, and Social support);
3. The existence of validated scales to measure constructs (i.e., Role clarity, Optimism, Emotions, Action planning, Coping planning, Automaticity); and/or
4. Constructs’ relevance to the implementation of PA intervention in routine healthcare by mapping factors resulting from previous research [13 (link),43 (link)] onto the TDF domains (i.e., Reinforcement, Priority, Characteristics of the innovation, Characteristics of the socio-political context, Characteristics of the organization, Characteristics of the participants, Characteristics of the innovation strategy, Descriptive norm).
Second, for each domain a minimum of two and a maximum of 24 items were developed, with an average of 4 items for each construct. Items were related to the target behavior ‘delivering PA interventions following the guidelines’. Items measuring the constructs within the domains ‘Knowledge’, ‘Beliefs about capabilities’, ‘Social influences’, ‘Emotion’, ‘Behavioral regulation’, and ‘Nature of the behaviors’ [37 (link),41 (link),42 (link),44 -49 ] were adapted from previously published questionnaires. The content of these items was based on previous research on factors influencing the implementation of PA intervention in routine healthcare [13 (link),43 (link)]. For instance, items measuring the constructs Self-efficacy [41 (link)] and Coping planning [47 (link)] were developed so that they included HCPs’ barriers of lack of time and patient motivation. Items measuring constructs within the domains ‘Skills’, ‘Social/professional role and identity’, ‘Memory, attention, and decision processes’ were based on results of the discriminant content validity study [40 (link)]. With regard to the domain ‘Beliefs about consequences’, items measuring the constructs Attitude [41 (link)] and Outcome expectancies [42 (link)] were adapted from previously published questionnaires, whereas items measuring the construct Reinforcement were newly developed (as none could be located in the literature). Regarding the domain ‘Motivation and goals’, items measuring the construct Intention were adapted from a previously published questionnaire [41 (link)], while items were newly developed for the construct Priority. Furthermore, new items were created for the domain ‘Environmental context and resources’. New items were developed based on discussions between WAG, MRC, and JMH. These discussions were informed by the academic literature on the concept and definition of specific domains and constructs, questions to identify behavior change processes as formulated by Michie et al. [28 (link)], and themes emerging from interviews on the implementation of PA interventions [43 (link)]. Finally, the questionnaire was piloted among five colleague researchers and a sample of eight physical therapists. Piloting indicated that the questionnaire was easily understood and well received by the respondents.
(1) We considered whether the coverage of the preliminary TFA (v1) could usefully be extended by reviewing the identified component constructs of acceptability against our conceptual definition of acceptability and the results of the overview of reviews.
(2) We considered a range of theories and frameworks from the health psychology and behaviour change literatures that have been applied to predict, explain or change health related behaviour.
(3) We reviewed the constructs from these theories and frameworks for their applicability to the TFA. Examples of theories and frameworks discussed include the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) [37 (link)] (e.g. the construct of Perceived Behavioural Control) and the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) [38 (link)] (e.g. the constructs within the Beliefs About Capabilities domain). We discussed whether including additional constructs would add value to the framework in assessing acceptability, specifically if the additional constructs could be measured as cognitive and / or emotional responses to the intervention. The TPB and the TDF focus on beliefs about performing a behaviour whereas the TFA reflects a broader set of beliefs about the value of a healthcare intervention. We concluded that there was a more relevant theory that provides better fit with the TFA, the Common Sense Model (CSM) of self-regulation of health and illness [37 (link)]. The CSM focuses on beliefs about a health threat and coping procedures that might control the threat. This approach is thus consistent with the focus of the TFA on acceptability of healthcare interventions. The CSM proposes that, in response to a perceived health threat, individuals spontaneously generate five kinds of cognitive representation of the illness based around identity (i.e. associated symptoms), timeline, cause, control/cure, and consequences. Moss-Morris and colleagues [38 (link)] distinguished between personal control (i.e. the extent to which an individual perceives one is able to control one’s symptoms or cure the disease) and treatment control (i.e. the extent to which the individual believes the treatment will be effective in curing the illness). The third step in the deductive process resulted in the inclusion of both treatment control and personal control as additional constructs within the TFA (v1) (Fig.
Most recents protocols related to «Behavior Control»
Example 10
Example 7
In this example a more practical approach is shown of the mechanism of Example 7 above where activation results when one motion characteristic, e.g., acceleration, influences the threshold of activation for sensing on another motion characteristic, e.g., velocity.
As shown in
The possible resulting profiles for the above mechanism, assuming velocity and acceleration are the motion characteristics might look as per:
Example 11
Example 9
In a ninth example, reference is made to table 3. Table 3 illustrates a typical behaviour of cerebral control for the detection of respiratory events and non-respiratory motor events. It can be seen that to detect an obstructive apnoea-hypopnea, the analysis unit will for example use a median and/or a mean value on the first and second flow of measurement signals. An observation time of at least two breathing cycles or 10 seconds will be preferred to make the analysis more reliable. Obstructive apnoea-hypopnea is characterized by large cerebral control amplitude at the respiratory rate that can be repeated cyclically or non-cyclically. It will end with a large mandibular movement during cerebral activation. In particular, the distribution of the amplitude values of the mandibular movement in the stream under consideration will be analyzed.
To detect breathing effort linked to arousal (RERA), the unit of analysis will proceed in the same way as described in the previous paragraph. To detect a central apnoea-hypopnea the duration of observation will also be at least two breathing cycles or 10 seconds.
Example 9
The primary system in this embodiment may be a carriage 40 that a pawl 41 is rotatingly linked to about axis 42. The pawl 41 may be paramagnetic and, when the primary system moves by carriage 40 motion M through a magnetic field 43 shown as the shaded area in
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More about "Behavior Control"
Behavior control is the regulation and management of an individual's actions, emotions, and cognitions.
It involves techniques like reinforcement, punishment, self-monitoring, and cognitive-behavioral interventions to influence, modify, or direct behavior towards desired outcomes.
Effective behavior control is crucial in mental health, education, organizational management, and public policy.
By understanding and applying behavior control principles, researchers and practitioners can optimize human performance, promote adaptive behaviors, and address maladaptive patterns.
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