Adult Sprague Dawley female rats were bilaterally ovariectomized one week before performance of global cerebral ischemia. At the time of ovariectomy, placebo or 17β-estradiol time-release pellets (0.025mg; 21 day release pellet) (Innovative Research of America, Sarasota, Fl) were implanted subcutaneously in the upper mid-back region under the skin. For cerebral ischemia, all animals (excepting sham control) underwent 4-vessel occlusion (4-VO) global cerebral ischemia performed as described previously (Pulsinelli and Brierley, 1979 (link); Pulsinelli and Buchan, 1988 (link); Zhang et al., 2006a (link)). Briefly, animals were anesthetized using chloral hydrate (350 mg/kg, ip), and both common carotid arteries (CCA) of the rat were separated. A silastic ligature was placed loosely around each artery without interrupting the blood flow, and the incision was then closed. Immediately after this procedure, both vertebral arteries (VA) at the level of the alar foramina were permanently occluded with the use of electrocautery. After 24 hr recovery, the bilateral CCA were exposed under light anesthesia with 3% isoflurane, and occluded with aneurysm clips to induce 10 min forebrain ischemia. Animals which lost their righting reflex within 30 seconds and whose pupils were dilated and unresponsive to light during cerebral ischemia were selected for the experiments, as this indicates successful global ischemia. The clips were then removed, and the blood flow through the arteries was confirmed before the wound was sutured. Rectal temperature was maintained at 36.5 to 37.5°C throughout the experiment with a thermal blanket. The animals of the sham group underwent identical procedures except that the CCA were simply exposed, but there were no occlusion.
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Procedures
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Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure
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Electrocoagulation
Electrocoagulation
Electrocoagulation is a process that utilizes electrical current to coagulate and remove contaminants from water and wastewater.
It involves the generation of coagulating agents through the electrolytic oxidation of an appropriate anode material, typically iron or aluminum.
This technique can effectively remove a variety of pollutants, including suspended solids, heavy metals, and organic compounds, making it a versatile water treatment method.
Electrocoagulation has been studied for its potential applications in areas such as industrial effluent treatment, municipal wastewater purification, and the remediation of contaminated groundwater.
The efficacy of electrocoagulation can be influenced by factors such as pH, current density, and reaction time, which researchers may optimize to enhance the process performace.
By leveraging PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform, researchers can efficiently identify and compare the most suitable electrocoagulation protocols from the scientific literature, pre-prints, and patents to advance their water treatment research and development effortes.
It involves the generation of coagulating agents through the electrolytic oxidation of an appropriate anode material, typically iron or aluminum.
This technique can effectively remove a variety of pollutants, including suspended solids, heavy metals, and organic compounds, making it a versatile water treatment method.
Electrocoagulation has been studied for its potential applications in areas such as industrial effluent treatment, municipal wastewater purification, and the remediation of contaminated groundwater.
The efficacy of electrocoagulation can be influenced by factors such as pH, current density, and reaction time, which researchers may optimize to enhance the process performace.
By leveraging PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform, researchers can efficiently identify and compare the most suitable electrocoagulation protocols from the scientific literature, pre-prints, and patents to advance their water treatment research and development effortes.
Most cited protocols related to «Electrocoagulation»
Adult
Anesthesia
Aneurysm
Animals
Arteries
Blood Circulation
Blood Vessel
Cerebral Infarction
Clip
Common Carotid Artery
Dental Occlusion
Electrocoagulation
Estradiol
Females
Hydrate, Chloral
Ischemia
Isoflurane
Ligature
Light
Neoplasm Metastasis
Ovariectomy
Pellets, Drug
Placebos
Prosencephalon
Pupil
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Rectum
Reflex, Righting
Silastic
Skin
Vertebral Artery
Wounds
This study is called the PlaComOv-study. It is an acronym for ‘Will the use of the PLAsmajet device improve the rate of COMplete cytoreductive surgery for advanced stage OVarian cancer.
In this study, 330 patients with a FIGO IIIB-IV epithelial ovarian cancer, carcinoma of the fallopian tube or extra-ovarian epithelial ovarian cancer(peritoneal cancer) in whom the surgical goal is to achieve complete cytoreduction will be included. Patients should to be fit for CCS and chemotherapy.
Patients from the following Dutch hospitals may be included: Albert Schweitzer (Dordrecht), Bravis (Bergen op Zoom), Catharina Cancer Institute (Eindhoven), Erasmus MC (Rotterdam), Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland (Rotterdam), Groene Hart Hospital (Gouda), Haags Medisch Centrum (Den Haag), Haga Hospital (Den Haag), Leids University MC (Leiden), Medisch Spectrum Twente (Enschede), Reinier de Graaf Groep (Delft).
All surgeons are trained and certified in the use of PlasmaJet during the preparation of the study.
This study will compare the complete cytoreductive surgery rate when using electrocoagulation only (standard) with that achieved with additional use of the PlasmaJet Surgical Device (intervention). We expect that use of the PlasmaJet during surgery will result in a higher rate of complete cytoreduction and fewer colostomies [14 –20 (link)].
Standard therapy is primary cytoreductive (upfront) surgery followed by chemotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval cytoreductive surgery. Standard chemotherapy comprises of 6 cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel, with a duration of 21 days for each cycle [1 ]. In upfront cytoreductive surgery, all 6 cycles of chemotherapy are given after surgery. In interval cytoreductive surgery, 3 cycles of chemotherapy are administered prior to surgery and 3 cycles thereafter. Patients from both the upfront and interval cytoreductive groups may be included.
The standard of care is to reach complete cytoreduction in all women who are fit to undergo extensive surgery. This radical surgery may involve bowel surgery sometimes including colostomy. Electrocoagulation (Diathermy, LigaSure), scalpel and scissors are used during conventional surgery to remove visible tumour and to dissect tumour tissue from peritoneal surfaces. The disadvantage of electrocoagulation is the lateral thermal spread and the depth of tissue destruction, which render it unsuitable for use on the intestines. Electrocoagulation (Diathermy, LigaSure), scalpel, scissors and PlasmaJet are used when indicated during surgery in the intervention arm.
In this study, 330 patients with a FIGO IIIB-IV epithelial ovarian cancer, carcinoma of the fallopian tube or extra-ovarian epithelial ovarian cancer(peritoneal cancer) in whom the surgical goal is to achieve complete cytoreduction will be included. Patients should to be fit for CCS and chemotherapy.
Patients from the following Dutch hospitals may be included: Albert Schweitzer (Dordrecht), Bravis (Bergen op Zoom), Catharina Cancer Institute (Eindhoven), Erasmus MC (Rotterdam), Franciscus Gasthuis and Vlietland (Rotterdam), Groene Hart Hospital (Gouda), Haags Medisch Centrum (Den Haag), Haga Hospital (Den Haag), Leids University MC (Leiden), Medisch Spectrum Twente (Enschede), Reinier de Graaf Groep (Delft).
All surgeons are trained and certified in the use of PlasmaJet during the preparation of the study.
This study will compare the complete cytoreductive surgery rate when using electrocoagulation only (standard) with that achieved with additional use of the PlasmaJet Surgical Device (intervention). We expect that use of the PlasmaJet during surgery will result in a higher rate of complete cytoreduction and fewer colostomies [14 –20 (link)].
Standard therapy is primary cytoreductive (upfront) surgery followed by chemotherapy, or neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by interval cytoreductive surgery. Standard chemotherapy comprises of 6 cycles of carboplatin and paclitaxel, with a duration of 21 days for each cycle [1 ]. In upfront cytoreductive surgery, all 6 cycles of chemotherapy are given after surgery. In interval cytoreductive surgery, 3 cycles of chemotherapy are administered prior to surgery and 3 cycles thereafter. Patients from both the upfront and interval cytoreductive groups may be included.
The standard of care is to reach complete cytoreduction in all women who are fit to undergo extensive surgery. This radical surgery may involve bowel surgery sometimes including colostomy. Electrocoagulation (Diathermy, LigaSure), scalpel and scissors are used during conventional surgery to remove visible tumour and to dissect tumour tissue from peritoneal surfaces. The disadvantage of electrocoagulation is the lateral thermal spread and the depth of tissue destruction, which render it unsuitable for use on the intestines. Electrocoagulation (Diathermy, LigaSure), scalpel, scissors and PlasmaJet are used when indicated during surgery in the intervention arm.
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Cancer of the Fallopian Tube
Carboplatin
Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial
Colostomy
Cytoreductive Surgery
Diathermy
Electrocoagulation
Hepatitis A Antigens
Inpatient
Intestines
Malignant Neoplasms
Medical Devices
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Neoplasms
Operative Surgical Procedures
Ovarian Cancer
Paclitaxel
Patients
Peritoneal Neoplasms
Peritoneum
Pharmacotherapy
Surgeons
Tissues
Woman
Adult
Aneurysm
Animals
Arteries
Blood Circulation
Blood Vessel
Cerebral Infarction
Clip
Common Carotid Artery
Dental Occlusion
Diestrus
Electrocoagulation
Estradiol
Ischemia
Light
Neoplasm Metastasis
Ovariectomy
physiology
Placebos
Prosencephalon
Pupil
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Rectum
Reflex, Righting
Serum
Skin
Vertebral Artery
Woman
Wounds
All procedures were performed with intravenous inhalation combined with anesthesia + double lumen endotracheal intubation. The operation used 3 cm small uni-portal method ( Figure 1 a) : the patient’s lateral side of the midline of the 5th intercostal line 3 cm incision into the thoracoscope (the left side can also choose the 6th intercostal space), elbow cavity mirror suction device, electrocoagulation hook, If necessary, insert a double joint clamp to hold the lobes. At the end of the operation, two 12G microtubules were placed for chest drainage. After the end of one side of the operation, turn over the same side of the same the law. The specific surgical plan is based on the size and location of the bilateral lung GGO, the lung function reserve and the intraoperative frozen examination results. All patients underwent preoperative three-dimensional CT reconstruction and CT-guided methylene blue staining location except central lensions ( Fig. 1 b and Fig. 1 c). In order to avoid the spread of methylene blue, we take the following methods: 1. Surgery as soon as possible after staining is complete; 2. The place marked by methylene blue is next to the lesion, and it will not affect the pathological diagnosis of the lesion. Surgical strategy: ①Pure GGO preferentially choose wedge resection or segmentectomy. ② Peripheral lesions are preferentially treated with wedge resection, and if they are central lesions, lobectomy is performed. ③The lesion is larger than 2 cm and the imaging is considered as an invasive lesion, which will be considered lobectomy. ④Rapid pathology during resection of the lesion is considered as lobectomy for invasive adenocarcinoma.⑤The priority side of the operation is based on the preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction to select the side of the lung tissue that is expected to be resected, such as the wedge resection or segmentectomy. If all are sublobar resection, the right side surgery is preferred.
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Adenocarcinoma
Anesthesia
Anesthesia, Endotracheal
Dental Caries
Diagnosis
Elbow
Electrocoagulation
Freezing
Inhalation
Intubation
Intubation, Intratracheal
Joints
Lung
Medical Devices
Methylene Blue
Microtubules
Nipple Discharge
Patients
Reconstructive Surgical Procedures
Respiratory Physiology
Segmental Mastectomy
Suction Drainage
Surgical Wound
Thoracoscopes
Tissues
Preprocessing was carried out with Natus NeuroWorks (Natus Medical Inc.) and in-built MATLAB code (MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA). Ear electrodes (M1 and M2) were excluded from the final analysis due to poor surface-to-skin contact for the majority of infants.
EEG signals were re-montaged to a nearest neighbor Laplacian reference using distances along the scalp surface to weight neighboring electrode contributions. We applied an anti-aliasing filter of 80 Hz and down-sampled the EEG data to 256 Hz.
EEG dynamics were analyzed at three distinct periods of (1) MOSSA, (2) awake (pre-anesthesia), and (3) emergence from general anesthesia. (1) MOSSA analysis: in the first part of this study, we were interested in characterizing EEG features during MOSSA. For each infant, a 10-min EEG segment during a period of maintenance of general anesthesia adequate for surgery and where end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was maintained at a constant concentration (+ 0.1%) was identified. Within this time segment, a 5-min epoch was selected from ‘artifact-free’ EEG, where motion or electrocautery artifacts were not present in the EEG. Channels with noise or artifacts were excluded from the analysis by visual inspection. EEG data analyzed during MOSSA involved epochs with median time after propofol or nitrous oxide administration of 77 min (IQR 32–93 min). (2) Awake state to MOSSA analysis: in the second part of this study, we were interested in characterizing the relationship with EEG features during the awake state, and comparing them to MOSSA. For each infant, the EEG and video recording starting before any anesthetics were administered was identified. Each video was reviewed and the sleep state of the infant identified using behavioral and vocal markers. The awake state was defined as having one of three features (1) eyes open, (2) body movement, and/or (3) crying. For each corresponding EEG segment, we extracted an 11-s ‘artifact-free’ epoch by visual inspection. If there was no ‘artifact-free’ data available then we did not include that epoch in the analysis. (3) Emergence from general anesthesia analysis: in the third part of this study, we were interested in characterizing relationship with EEG features, end-tidal sevoflurane concentration and onset of body movement. For each infant, an EEG segment starting from 10 min before sevoflurane gas was turned off, and finishing when end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was 0% was identified. For each EEG segment, we extracted a 30-s ‘artifact-free’ epoch by visual inspection at 10 end-tidal sevoflurane concentration ranges: (1) 0 to <0.3%; (2) 0.3 to <0.6%; (3) 0.6 to <0.9%; (4) 0.9 to <1.2%; (5) 1.2 to <1.5%; (6) 1.5 to <1.8%; (7) 1.8 to <2.1%; (8) 2.1 to <2.4%; (9) 2.4 to <2.7%; and (10) 2.7 to <3.0%. A 15- or 20-s epoch was used in three occasions. If there was no ‘artifact-free’ data available in a specific concentration range then we did not include that epoch in the analysis.
EEG signals were re-montaged to a nearest neighbor Laplacian reference using distances along the scalp surface to weight neighboring electrode contributions. We applied an anti-aliasing filter of 80 Hz and down-sampled the EEG data to 256 Hz.
EEG dynamics were analyzed at three distinct periods of (1) MOSSA, (2) awake (pre-anesthesia), and (3) emergence from general anesthesia. (1) MOSSA analysis: in the first part of this study, we were interested in characterizing EEG features during MOSSA. For each infant, a 10-min EEG segment during a period of maintenance of general anesthesia adequate for surgery and where end-tidal sevoflurane concentration was maintained at a constant concentration (
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Anesthesia
Anesthetics
Electrocoagulation
EPOCH protocol
Eye
General Anesthesia
Infant
Movement
Operative Surgical Procedures
Oxide, Nitrous
Propofol
Scalp
Sevoflurane
Skin
Sleep
Most recents protocols related to «Electrocoagulation»
A total of 165 patients with VUR from PUV and following reconstruction of exstrophy bladder were treated at our center from March 2005 to April 2019. Out of 165 patients, 135 patients (170 renal units; n = 146 from PUV and n = 24 from exstrophy bladder) had adequate data regarding control/correction of obstruction and urodynamic studies, etc. The mean patient's age was 2.8 years (range 1 day–14 years).
The diagnosis of VUR was made with cystogram following fulguration in PUV patients and at follow-up in patients with repaired continent bladder exstrophy. We did MCB (Mitra, Chatterjee, Basu) cystograms not MCU following USG showing dilated ureter/s as mentioned by some authors.[5 (link)] In MCB cystogram, as mentioned, we introduced contrast in the bladder. Absence of VUR following MCB cystogram indicates uretero vesical junction obstruction (UVJO). On the other hand, following the presence of VUR, we released catheter to empty the contrast from bladder and ureters. We labeled VUR as “rise and fall” VUR (raf_VUR) if we had found no residual in ureter/s after 30 min [Flow chart 1 ]. That was an “innocent VUR” i.e., without obstruction [Figure 2 ]. In another group, we had found stasis of post-void residual in ureter/s for more than 30–180 or more minutes. We labeled those VUR as “rise and stasis” VUR (ras_VUR); which means combination of VUR with UVJO. Combination VUR with UVJO confirmed post void residual of contrast in ureters persisting [Figure 3 ] following MCB and their progression or regression was monitored with the diameter of calyx, ureters, and cortical thickness by USG Renometry (USGR) during follow-up as mentioned by some authors.[5 (link)] All 19 patients with exstrophy bladder were continent, either with CIC or natural Void or with both. However, had VUR in 24 renal units. Superficial bladder neck incision (BNI) was done in two continent patients with repaired exstrophy.
All patients were followed up with albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), CCr to monitor USCKD, USGR, DTPA renal scan, and uroflowmetry. All patients were advised for UDS, particularly for Pdet, Pdet Qmax, and DLPP to exclude or confirm increased bladder pressure from outlet obstruction. Repeat cystoscopy, if necessary, was done following UDS for secondary BNI or to repeat BNI if necessary. Following BNI in patients with suspected UVJO were kept on anticholinergics for few months and monitored with USGR, ACR and CCr. We did DJ stenting [Figure 4 ] or re-implantations if the deterioration of renal function was found to be >10% from the previous level even with anticholinergics. During the reimplantation of ureters, caliber of ureters was thicker due to muscular hypertrophy. Hence, those ureters were not tapered, unlike the thinner wall of ureter with raf_VUR and minimal tunnels through thicker bladder wall were created to avoid re-obstruction.
The diagnosis of VUR was made with cystogram following fulguration in PUV patients and at follow-up in patients with repaired continent bladder exstrophy. We did MCB (Mitra, Chatterjee, Basu) cystograms not MCU following USG showing dilated ureter/s as mentioned by some authors.[5 (link)] In MCB cystogram, as mentioned, we introduced contrast in the bladder. Absence of VUR following MCB cystogram indicates uretero vesical junction obstruction (UVJO). On the other hand, following the presence of VUR, we released catheter to empty the contrast from bladder and ureters. We labeled VUR as “rise and fall” VUR (raf_VUR) if we had found no residual in ureter/s after 30 min [
All patients were followed up with albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), CCr to monitor USCKD, USGR, DTPA renal scan, and uroflowmetry. All patients were advised for UDS, particularly for Pdet, Pdet Qmax, and DLPP to exclude or confirm increased bladder pressure from outlet obstruction. Repeat cystoscopy, if necessary, was done following UDS for secondary BNI or to repeat BNI if necessary. Following BNI in patients with suspected UVJO were kept on anticholinergics for few months and monitored with USGR, ACR and CCr. We did DJ stenting [
Albumins
Anticholinergic Agents
Bladder Exstrophy
Bladder Neck Obstruction
Catheters
Creatinine
Cystography
Cystoscopy
Diagnosis
Disease Progression
Electrocoagulation
Hypertrophy
Kidney
Kidney Calices
Kidney Cortex
Muscle Tissue
Neck
Patients
Pentetic Acid
Pressure
Radionuclide Imaging
Reconstructive Surgical Procedures
Surgical Replantation
Ureter
Urinary Bladder
Urination
Urodynamics
A total of 72 patients who were diagnosed with Raynaud’s disease and underwent CT-guided radiofrequency thermocoagulation or chemical disruption of the thoracic sympathetic chain under local anesthesia between March 2012 and March 2021 were retrospectively included. Among these patients, 44 were in the radiofrequency group (Group R) and 28 were in the alcohol group (Group A). All patients were informed of the risks and possible complications of the procedure and signed an informed consent form before treatment.
Inclusion criteria were the following: (1) those who met the diagnostic criteria related to Raynaud’s disease11 (link); (2) did not obtain significant improvement after conservative measures, drugs, and acupuncture treatment, or could not tolerate adverse drug reactions; (3) those who were able to actively cooperate to complete treatment, review and follow up.
Exclusion criteria were: (1) diagnosis of combined hypothyroidism, anemia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arteriosclerosis, or hypothalamic dysfunction; (2) lack of effective contact information to achieve follow-up; (3) refusal to participate in follow-up or withdrawal from the study.
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, located in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, China.
Inclusion criteria were the following: (1) those who met the diagnostic criteria related to Raynaud’s disease11 (link); (2) did not obtain significant improvement after conservative measures, drugs, and acupuncture treatment, or could not tolerate adverse drug reactions; (3) those who were able to actively cooperate to complete treatment, review and follow up.
Exclusion criteria were: (1) diagnosis of combined hypothyroidism, anemia, diabetic peripheral neuropathy, peripheral arteriosclerosis, or hypothalamic dysfunction; (2) lack of effective contact information to achieve follow-up; (3) refusal to participate in follow-up or withdrawal from the study.
This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Jiaxing University, located in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, China.
Anemia
Arteriosclerosis
Diabetic Neuropathies
Diagnosis
Drug Reaction, Adverse
Electrocoagulation
Ethanol
Ethics Committees, Clinical
Hypothalamic Dysfunction Syndromes
Hypothyroidism
Local Anesthesia
Patients
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Raynaud Disease
Therapy, Acupuncture
The RA-MIDCAB procedure was performed in a standardized fashion by a dedicated team in each institution. In each institution, there was a single surgeon who performed the RA-MIDCAB procedures. Standard surgical procedures of each institution were followed. In summary, patients were placed in the supine position with a 10 cm soft roll or balloon under the chest between the scapulae and the left arm, allowing the left shoulder to be deflected posteriorly. The camera port was placed in the fourth/fifth intercostal space (ICS) medial to the anterior axillary line. Working ports were typically placed in the second/third and the sixth/seventh ICS medial to the anterior axillary line. Preferably, the distance between the ports was at least 10 cm to avoid instrument collisions and to maximize the working area. Once adequate port placement was achieved, LITA harvesting occurred. Single-lung ventilation or a bronchial blockage was used to deflate the left lung and therefore optimize the intrathoracic working space. In addition, CO2 insufflation from 5 to 10 mm Hg was exploited, and a 0° or 30° up-scope was used in most cases. The LITA was taken down with care using a combination of blunt dissection and electrocautery in either a skeletonized or pedicled fashion. Once the LITA was harvested, a pericardiectomy was performed robotically, and the target coronary vessel, namely, the LAD, was identified. Appropriate heparinization was achieved if the activated clotting time was >300 s. With the robotic camera still in place, a needle was used to identify the optimal intercostal space for the small thoracotomy, usually 4 to 7 cm long. After robot undocking, the minithoracotomy was made and a soft tissue retractor placed. The endoscopic Octopus Nuvo (Medtronic, Dublin, Ireland) or Acrobat-i Stabilizer (MAQUET, Getinge, Göteborg, Sweden) off-pump stabilizer was inserted via a previous port site or direct through the minithoracotomy and was used to stabilize the target vessel while off-pump coronary anastomosis was performed in the usual fashion. If a conversion to sternotomy was required, a conventional on-pump or off-pump CABG was performed.
Axilla
Blood Vessel
Bronchi
Chest
Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Coronary Vessels
Dissection
Electrocoagulation
Endoscopy
Heart
Insufflation
Lung
Needles
Nuvo
Octopus
One-Lung Ventilation
Operative Surgical Procedures
Patients
Pericardiectomy
Scapula
Shoulder
Sternotomy
Surgeons
Surgical Anastomoses
Thoracotomy
Tissues
Hypoxemia was defined as SpO2 less than 95% during general anesthesia regardless of the duration. The limit of 95% was selected in line with the definition of hypoxemia of perioperative respiratory adverse events [5 (link)]. All 13,130 vitalDB records were manually checked for the detection of hypoxic episodes by an anesthesiologist. The data retrieved from the VitalDB database were rechecked manually by the second anesthesiologist for quality control. The observed events were marked and annotated in all the databases. The true hypoxemia was verified by SpO2 value, electronic medical records, vital signs, including heart rate, blood pressure, arterial blood pressure waveform, and pulse oximetry, plethysmographic waveform, and ventilator parameters, including EtCO2 curve, PIP, and TV. Genuine hypoxemic events were discriminated using the following exclusion criteria: 1) when the measured pulse oximetry pulse rate differed by more than 20% from the electrocardiogram heart rate, the associated SpO2, [2 (link)] 2) when anesthesiologists in charge recorded inaccurate measurement of oxygen saturation, and 3) when plethysmogram waveforms were severely distorted owing to position change or external pressure so that the signal quality reported in the monitor was severely low [2 (link)]. Artifacts that were mostly caused by motion, positioning, electrocautery, sensor dislodgement, and low peripheral perfusion were not annotated as hypoxemia and were retained in the dataset without further processing. Periods of hypoxemic episodes, divided into induction, maintenance, and emergence, were annotated in each database to determine the incidence of intraoperative hypoxemia in each period. We also investigated the total time of hypoxemia, duration from the minimum saturation to recovery until the saturation recovered to the initial value where saturation began to gradually decrease, and the cause of the hypoxemia episode suggested by the anesthesiologists based on various indicators. Patients were assigned to one of the four groups to confirm the incidence of the hypoxemic episodes stratified by age: 0–28 days (neonate), 29 days to 12 months (infant), 1–7 years, and 8–18 years [2 (link)]. Demographic data including age, sex, height, and weight were analyzed in each group.
Several parameters, such as SpO2, EtCO2, FiO2, TV, and PIP included in 1-minute length of segments from the determined hypoxemia episodes to the corresponding 1 minute ahead, were extracted. If a hypoxemic event defined as SpO2 dropping below 95%, in the upcoming 1 min was observed, the target was assigned as 1; it was assigned 0 otherwise. Note that target 1 was assigned for the segment where the input SpO2 was less than 95% while being included in the hypoxemia episode. Moreover, the patient’ demographic information (age, sex, height, and weight) was extracted corresponding to the segment and the target.
Several parameters, such as SpO2, EtCO2, FiO2, TV, and PIP included in 1-minute length of segments from the determined hypoxemia episodes to the corresponding 1 minute ahead, were extracted. If a hypoxemic event defined as SpO2 dropping below 95%, in the upcoming 1 min was observed, the target was assigned as 1; it was assigned 0 otherwise. Note that target 1 was assigned for the segment where the input SpO2 was less than 95% while being included in the hypoxemia episode. Moreover, the patient’ demographic information (age, sex, height, and weight) was extracted corresponding to the segment and the target.
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Anesthesiologist
Blood Pressure
Electrocardiography
Electrocoagulation
General Anesthesia
Hypoxia
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Oximetry
Oximetry, Pulse
Patients
Perfusion
Plethysmography
Pressure
Pulse Rate
Rate, Heart
Respiratory Rate
Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen
Signs, Vital
All the procedures were performed under general anaesthesia, single lung ventilation with double-lumen endotracheal tube or spontaneously breathing laryngeal mask anaesthesia and in the lateral decubitus position. Two or 3 sub-centimetric incisions were performed in the axillary triangle. After the chest exploration, apical blebs or small bullae (stage III according to Vanderschueren’s classification) were sealed via the CC as described previously [9 (link), 10 (link)]. The endoscopic instrument adopted was the Endo-Floating Ball and consists in a 5-mm monopolar electrocautery with a steel floating sphere on the tip from which it spills saline solution drop by drop (Fig. 1 ). This instrument allows transcollation of blebs or bullae without charring and burning. Saline irrigation keeps cooled down the temperature of the tip that contacts the lung surface, avoiding eschars formation. Instrument was placed for few seconds over the apical blebs or bulla until they shrink over to their basis by sealing the lung parenchyma (Fig. 2 ).
Eventual residual air leak was tested by inflating the lung under saline solution and then sealed with a floating ball second pass.
Finally, we block the saline solution spilling, and we use the instrument as a common electrocautery to induce a mechanical pleurodesis by patchy cauterization of the parietal pleura until its interruption (Fig.3 ). At the end of the procedure 1 or 2 pleural drainages (according to the surgeon’s choice) are placed in the chest through the operative incisions. Chest drains were connected to a suction system at −15 cm H2O for at least 2 days.
Mechanical pleurodesis was similarly induced in all patients of the study. In both groups, pleural irritation was obtained by a patchy cauterization of parietal pleural with Floating Ball (CC group) or long-bladed monopolar electrocautery (SA group).
Eventual residual air leak was tested by inflating the lung under saline solution and then sealed with a floating ball second pass.
Finally, we block the saline solution spilling, and we use the instrument as a common electrocautery to induce a mechanical pleurodesis by patchy cauterization of the parietal pleura until its interruption (Fig.
Mechanical pleurodesis was similarly induced in all patients of the study. In both groups, pleural irritation was obtained by a patchy cauterization of parietal pleural with Floating Ball (CC group) or long-bladed monopolar electrocautery (SA group).
Anesthesia
Axilla
Cardiac Arrest
Cauterization
Chest
Chest Tubes
Drainage
Electrocoagulation
Endometriosis
Endoscopy
General Anesthesia
Laryngeal Masks
Lung
One-Lung Ventilation
Patients
Pleura
Pleura, Parietal
Pleurodesis
Saline Solution
Steel
Suction Drainage
Surgeons
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Flumazenil is a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist used in the treatment of benzodiazepine overdose. It is a lab equipment product that reverses the effects of benzodiazepines.
Sourced in United States, Germany
Prolene is a surgical suture material manufactured by Johnson & Johnson. It is a monofilament, nonabsorbable suture made of polypropylene. Prolene is designed for use in general soft tissue approximation and/or ligation, including use in cardiovascular, ophthalmic, and neurological procedures.
Sourced in United States
Buprenorphine is a pharmaceutical product used as a laboratory reagent. It is a synthetic opioid analgesic commonly used in veterinary and medical research settings.
Sourced in United States
The Harmonic scalpel is a surgical instrument used for cutting and coagulating tissue during various medical procedures. It utilizes high-frequency vibrations to simultaneously cut and seal blood vessels, minimizing blood loss and promoting faster healing. The core function of the Harmonic scalpel is to provide precise and efficient tissue dissection and hemostasis (control of bleeding) for the surgeon.
Sourced in Japan, United States, Germany
The GF-UCT180 is an Olympus laboratory microscope designed for high-resolution imaging. It features a 180x magnification capability and utilizes an ultra-compact design.
Sourced in Ireland, Japan, United States
The SILS Port is a single-incision laparoscopic surgery device manufactured by Medtronic. It is designed to provide access for various surgical instruments during minimally invasive procedures.
More about "Electrocoagulation"
Electrocoagulation is a versatile water treatment method that utilizes electrical current to coagulate and remove contaminants from water and wastewater.
This process involves the generation of coagulating agents through the electrolytic oxidation of an appropriate anode material, typically iron or aluminum.
Electrocoagulation has been studied for its potential applications in areas such as industrial effluent treatment, municipal wastewater purification, and the remediation of contaminated groundwater.
The efficacy of electrocoagulation can be influenced by factors such as pH, current density, and reaction time, which researchers may optimize to enhance the process performance.
By leveraging AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai, researchers can efficiently identify and compare the most suitable electrocoagulation protocols from the scientific literature, pre-prints, and patents to advance their water treatment research and development efforts.
Electrocoagulation is a versatile technique that can effectively remove a variety of pollutants, including suspended solids, heavy metals, and organic compounds.
It has been studied for its potential use in water purification, wastewater treatment, and groundwater remediation.
Researchers may explore factors like pH, current density, and reaction time to optimize the performance of electrocoagulation processes.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers streamline their electrocoagulation research by providing access to relevant protocols from the literature, pre-prints, and patents.
This can facilitate the identification and comparison of the most suitable protocols, ultimately enhancing the reproducibility and advancement of water treatment research and development.
Synonyms and related terms for electrocoagulation include electro-coagulation, electro-chemical coagulation, and EC.
Subtopics may include anode materials, coagulating agents, process optimization, industrial applications, municipal wastewater treatment, and groundwater remediation.
Abbreviations like EC may also be used.
This process involves the generation of coagulating agents through the electrolytic oxidation of an appropriate anode material, typically iron or aluminum.
Electrocoagulation has been studied for its potential applications in areas such as industrial effluent treatment, municipal wastewater purification, and the remediation of contaminated groundwater.
The efficacy of electrocoagulation can be influenced by factors such as pH, current density, and reaction time, which researchers may optimize to enhance the process performance.
By leveraging AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai, researchers can efficiently identify and compare the most suitable electrocoagulation protocols from the scientific literature, pre-prints, and patents to advance their water treatment research and development efforts.
Electrocoagulation is a versatile technique that can effectively remove a variety of pollutants, including suspended solids, heavy metals, and organic compounds.
It has been studied for its potential use in water purification, wastewater treatment, and groundwater remediation.
Researchers may explore factors like pH, current density, and reaction time to optimize the performance of electrocoagulation processes.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers streamline their electrocoagulation research by providing access to relevant protocols from the literature, pre-prints, and patents.
This can facilitate the identification and comparison of the most suitable protocols, ultimately enhancing the reproducibility and advancement of water treatment research and development.
Synonyms and related terms for electrocoagulation include electro-coagulation, electro-chemical coagulation, and EC.
Subtopics may include anode materials, coagulating agents, process optimization, industrial applications, municipal wastewater treatment, and groundwater remediation.
Abbreviations like EC may also be used.