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Epidural Anesthesia

Epidural anesthesia is a type of regional anesthesia that involves the injection of local anesthetic into the epidural space, the area surrounding the spinal cord.
This technique is commonly used to provide pain relief during childbirth, as well as for various surgical procedures.
Epidural anesthesia can help to numb the lower half of the body, allowing for a more comfortable and pain-free experience.
However, it is important to note that there are potential risks and side effects associated with this procedure, and patients should discuss the benefits and drawbacks with their healthcare providers.

Most cited protocols related to «Epidural Anesthesia»

1
Undisplaced Hip Fractures: Surgical Outcomes
Cited 9 times
113 consecutive patients aged 60 years or older (mean age 78 (60–99) years, 82 women) were admitted to our department between September 2002 and November 2006 with Garden I–II fractures (undisplaced inferior cortical buttress (Garden 1961 )) treated in a fracture table by IF with 2 parallel implants: Olmed screws (Olmed Medical AB, Sweden) in 37 cases, and Hansson pins (Swemac Orthopaedics AB, Sweden) in 76 cases.
The patients followed the department's multimodal fast-track hip fracture program (Foss et al. 2005 (link)). They underwent daytime surgery using epidural anesthesia. Preoperatively, a single dose of 1.5 g cephalosporin was administered intravenously. Postoperatively, low-molecular-weight heparin was administered until full mobilization. Mobilization with full weight bearing was encouraged from the first day of surgery in a physiotherapy program with two daily sessions. Patients were scored according to the American Society of Anaesthesiologists Physical Grading Score (ASA 0–4) (American Society of Anaesthesiologists 1963 ), and Parker's New Mobility Score (NMS 0–9, where ≤ 5 designates inhibited functional level) (Parker and Palmer 1993 (link)). Patient's cognitive function was assessed with a Danish version of the abbreviated mental status test taken upon admission (Quereshi and Hodkinson 1974 (link)). The expertise of the surgeon was determined and scored as a junior registrar procedure or as senior surgeon procedure (Palm et al. 2007 (link)). Patient data were prospectively included in a database.
Radiographs were stored in the Image Management and Applications-Radiology Information Service (IMPAX-RIS) system (Agfa, Köln, Germany) and digitally measured retrospectively. Posterior tilt was determined in preoperative lateral radiographs as the angle between (1) the mid-collum line (MCL) and (2) the radius collum line (RCL) (Figure 1). MCL was drawn through the middle of 3 perpendicular lines across the collum; with 1 line drawn at the narrowest part of the collum, and 2 parallel lines drawn subsequently 5 mm apart on each side. RCL was drawn from the center of the caput circle to the crossing of the caput circle and the mid-collum line.
All measurements were assessed by the same observer (HP). For reliability reasons, an intra-and interobserver study was performed by 2 of the authors (HP and KG, who was junior orthopedics resident) on 50 randomly selected lateral radiographs with independent assessment of posterior tilt twice, 2 weeks apart. At the time of assessment, the observers were blinded regarding postoperative radiographs and which patients later required a reoperation.
All fractures remained undisplaced in the first postoperative AP radiograph and fracture reduction was therefore assessed purely as postoperative posterior tilt in the first postoperative lateral radiograph. Implant positioning was assessed from AP and lateral radiographs as the minimal perpendicular distance (in mm) from the implants to the outer cortex contrast line of (1) the calcar, and (2) the posterior cortex, both on the femoral shaft side of the fracture.
Reoperations within 1 year were registered from patient records and cross-checked with the Copenhagen radiological database for admission due to complications to hip surgery in other departments. Only reoperations due to technical failures—fracture displacement, nonunion, avascular necrosis, subsequent fractures round the implant, or cutout of implant from the femoral head—were assessed as outcome parameter. All patients were scheduled for a follow-up visit including radiographs at 6 weeks postoperatively. If delayed but possible signs of healing were observed, several radiographs were later performed. All patients with radiographs showing technical failures were reoperated.
The study was part of the hip fracture project at Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark. It was approved by the Danish data protection agency and Copenhagen ethics committee. The latter concluded that the nature of the study was such that written consent from patients was not required.
Palm H., Gosvig K., Krasheninnikoff M., Jacobsen S, & Gebuhr P. (2009). A new measurement for posterior tilt predicts reoperation in undisplaced femoral neck fractures: 113 consecutive patients treated by internal fixation and followed for 1 year. Acta Orthopaedica, 80(3), 303-307.
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Publication 2009
Anesthesiologist Arecaceae Avascular Necrosis of Bone Cephalosporins Cognition Cortex, Cerebral Epidural Anesthesia Ethics Committees Femoral Fractures Femur Heads FOS protein, human Fracture, Bone Fracture Fixation Head Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight Hip Fractures LINE-1 Elements Multimodal Imaging Neck Operative Surgical Procedures Orthopedic Surgical Procedures Patients Physical Examination Radius Range of Motion, Articular Repeat Surgery Second Look Surgery Surgeons Surgery, Day Therapy, Physical Woman X-Rays, Diagnostic
2
Epidural Analgesia and Postpartum Depression
Cited 6 times
The research activity was approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Review Board, and the requirement for written informed consent was waived. Medical records of all 2,494 women who delivered at Magee-Womens Hospital over the period February 1, 2015 to May 1, 2015 were each assessed for eligibility and had data abstracted by two investigators (LF and GL). Data that were abstracted from the medical record included: estimated gestational age, gravidity, parity, body mass index (BMI) based on height and weight measured on admission to the labor and delivery unit, mode of delivery (spontaneous vaginal, instrumental vaginal including forceps- or vacuum-assisted deliveries, or cesarean), use of epidural labor analgesia, pain scores during labor delivery, duration of labor (for spontaneous labor, defined as the documented time of rupture of membranes, or the time of admission to the labor and delivery unit, until the time of delivery; for induction of labor, defined as the start time of first induction medication administration, or the time of insertion of transcervical balloon, until the time of delivery), maternal co-morbid disease documented in the clinical notes or coded in the diagnostic problem list by ICD-9 or SNOMED Clinical Terms (e.g. hypertensive disorders, antepartum anemia, chronic pain, history of miscarriage, known fetal anomalies), psychiatric disorders (e.g. anxiety/depression, psychological trauma, bipolar disorder, other psychiatric diagnoses), and perineal injuries at delivery. Abuse was defined as a history of substance, partner, sexual, or childhood abuse; trauma was defined as a history of accidental, birth, or other trauma. Chronic pain was defined as a history of fibromyalgia, pseudotumor cerebri, inflammatory bowel or pelvic disease requiring medication, chronic back pain, or juvenile or rheumatoid arthritis. Data reliability were assessed by a two-person verification process; after one investigator completed data abstraction from the records, the second investigator reviewed the records as well as the abstracted data for consistency. Any discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Data were recorded in an Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft Inc., USA) and patient identifiers were removed prior to analysis.
Women who received epidural analgesia for labor pain, who had pain assessed during labor both before and at least once during implementation of labor epidural analgesia by 0–10 numeric rating scores (NRS), and who had depression risk assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) at their six-week postpartum visit, were included in the final analysis. The EPDS is self-completed, 10-item scale developed specifically for women in the perinatal period. It has been shown to be an effective means of identifying patients at risk for perinatal depression.7 (link),8 (link) Women who did not have the primary outcome, EPDS score, recorded at the six-week postpartum visit were excluded from the primary analysis (Figure 1).
Women typically requested epidural labor analgesia at their discretion and were interviewed by the anesthesia service at the time of request. Over the investigation period, the institutional rate of utilization of labor epidural analgesia was approximately 90%. Initiation of labor epidural analgesia typically occurred by a loss of resistance to saline technique, followed by delivery of a test dose of lidocaine 1.5% with epinephrine 1:200,000 (3 mL), and finally by a bolus of epidural bupivacaine 0.083% with fentanyl 2 mcg/mL (8 mL) and epidural fentanyl 100 mcg in divided doses. Maintenance of analgesia typically occurred by patient-controlled epidural analgesia with bupivacaine 0.083% with fentanyl 2 mcg/mL at 8mL/hour continuous infusion, 8 mL bolus every 8 minutes by patient demand, with a 24mL/hour maximum. During labor, patients were asked to rate their labor pain intensity using a 0–10 NRS by their bedside nurse, where 0 is no intensity at all and 10 is the most intensity that can be imagined. Pain ratings are generally expected to be recorded in the medical record every one to three hours by the bedside nurse.
Percent improvement in pain (PIP) was used as the primary predictor.9 –11 (link) In sum, PIP is the percent change in pain over time. It is defined as the difference between baseline pain score and the average change in pain per unit of time, and is expressed as a percentage: PIP = ([baseline pain score −average intrapartum pain score]/baseline pain score) × 100. For example, a woman in labor with a baseline NRS of 7, and post analgesia NRS of 0 at 1 hour, 0 at 2 hours, and 4 at 3 hours will have an average post-analgesia pain of 1.33 per hour. In this case, PIP = ( [7 – 1.33] / 7 )*100 = 81%. With PIP, it is also possible that pain worsens after an analgesic intervention. An example of such a case would be a woman with a baseline NRS of 5, and post-analgesia NRS of 8 at 1 hour, 8 at 2 hours and 9 and 3 hours, resulting in an average post-analgesia pain of 8.33 per hour. In this case, PIP = ([5 – 8.33] / 5)*100 = −67%. Baseline pain NRS was defined as the pain score recorded immediately prior to the recorded time of labor epidural analgesia initiation. Women who did not have the primary predictor, PIP, calculable due to missing pain scores were excluded from the primary analysis, but were included in a sensitivity analysis after imputations were computed as described below.
Lim G., Farrell L.M., Facco F.L., Gold M.S, & Wasan A.D. (2018). Labor Analgesia as a Predictor for Reduced Postpartum Depression Scores: A Retrospective Observational Study. Anesthesia and analgesia, 126(5), 1598-1605.
Publication 2017
Accidents Analgesics Anemia Anesthesia Anxiety Back Pain Bipolar Disorder Birth Injuries Bupivacaine Chronic Pain Diagnosis Diagnosis, Psychiatric Drug Abuse Eligibility Determination Epidural Anesthesia Epinephrine Ethics Committees, Research Fentanyl Fetal Anomalies Fibromyalgia Forceps Gestational Age High Blood Pressures Hypersensitivity Index, Body Mass Inflammation Intestines Labor, Induced Labor Pain Lidocaine Management, Pain Mental Disorders Mothers Nurses Obstetric Delivery Obstetric Labor Pain Patient-Controlled Analgesia Patients Pelvis Perineum Pharmaceutical Preparations Pseudotumor Cerebri Psychological Trauma Rheumatoid Arthritis Saline Solution Severity, Pain Spontaneous Abortion Tissue, Membrane Vacuum Extraction, Obstetrical Vagina Woman Wounds and Injuries
3
Developing an App to Improve Communication in Perinatal Care
Cited 5 times
A digital app will be developed to help users communicate well. The app will be developed in a participatory and theory-driven way from all findings and conclusions obtained in Phases 1 and 2 (Fig. 2) [66 (link)]. Stages D and E of Phase 1 will be repeated with professionals, expecting mothers/patients, and social support providers to update the evidence and answer questions that may have arisen during Phase 2. The aim of Phase 3 is to determine exactly how the app can support communication between professionals, patients, and their social support providers in their daily work/hospital experience and thereby lead to a reduction in pAEs. As app users will have completed the face-to-face training, they can use the app at their convenience to monitor their behavior and experiences (see Fig. 3) and deepen their skills and knowledge. To achieve this aim, there will be two functions of the app.

Example of the monitoring and guidance functions of the app

Firstly, the app will be designed to provide guidance on how to cope with specific (future) communication problems including communication initiated by a) the patient, b) the professional and c) between professionals. The following scenarios illustrate how the app may improve communication. Regarding a), if a woman prepares for a conversation with a professional in a labor ward, she may worry about how to express the wish for peridural anesthesia or more anesthesia if the pain escalates (cf. [21 (link)]). The app explains/provides suggestions to her (and her social support providers) how to communicate this wish in a clear and constructive way [43 (link), 51 (link)] (Fig. 3). This may enable shared decision making in terms of understanding risks and disadvantages. Furthermore, she is supported to ask the right questions or maybe even audio record her questions and the answers from professionals, as it has been done in previous research [49 (link)]. Regarding b), a doctor may be unsure how to handle the expectant mother’s fear of childbirth and postpartum posttraumatic stress disorder (cf. [67 ]). Typical problems include sharing bad news and dealing with difficult emotions [24 (link), 68 (link), 69 (link)]. The app would help the doctor to communicate accurate information in a way that still addresses the fear that may come along with bad news. This may prevent complications due to insufficient information. Professionals will be asked to analyze and solve scenarios that involve both patients and their social support providers. The app will then explain the communication competences again and give concrete suggestions how to use them for solving the case. Depending on demands, the app will give suggestions such as “Speak slowly”, “Try not to use acronyms or abbreviations”, “Try to refrain from using scientific terms”, “Make use of visualizations”, “Be sensitive to verbal and non-verbal cues that may indicate lack of understanding”, “Stress the most important aspects that the patient must keep in mind”, and “Make use of the teach-back method” [19 (link)]. Regarding c), one team member of the delivery ward knows that a high-risk patient in labor needs prophylactic negative-pressure wound therapy (NPWT) after cesarean delivery, but they do not know how to communicate this to colleagues under time pressure [20 (link)]. The app helps to overcome time pressure by providing a message on the display for the colleagues which can be copied to a piece of paper, and thus support communication [70 (link)]. All of the above cases will be provided to colleagues, who will be asked to analyze and solve them. Communication competences will be explained with regard to communication between colleagues. Depending on demands, specific suggestions such as communication tools (daily goal sheet, bedside whiteboard, or door communication card), trust building, mindfulness, and reflective exercises will be given [71 (link)].
Secondly, the app will assist in monitoring typical or recent communication with focus on (1.) one’s own role, (2.) the role of the communication partner and (3.) resonance (a feeling of mutual understanding), thus supporting the development of general communication competences. These aspects will be evaluated with regard to the communication competences (see Tables 1 and 2).
Learning from the communication of all participants is ensured by collecting dyadic self-reported data and the partners reported data. Concretely, target-group specific tasks that train general communication competences seldom aid to overcoming specific obstacles, so reminders of resources and application/transfer options will be provided in the app, too.
Lippke S., Wienert J., Keller F.M., Derksen C., Welp A., Kötting L., Hofreuter-Gätgens K., Müller H., Louwen F., Weigand M., Ernst K., Kraft K., Reister F., Polasik A., Huener nee Seemann B., Jennewein L., Scholz C, & Hannawa A. (2019). Communication and patient safety in gynecology and obstetrics - study protocol of an intervention study. BMC Health Services Research, 19, 908.
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Publication 2019
Anesthesia Cesarean Section Condoms Emotions Epidural Anesthesia Face Fear Fingers Mindfulness Mothers Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy Obstetric Delivery Obstetric Labor Pain Patients phenyl-2-aminoethyl sulfide Physicians Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Pressure Respiratory Diaphragm Teaching Vibration Woman
4
Observational Study of Chronic Cervical Pain
Cited 5 times
In this 8-week, non-interventional, multicenter, prospective, observational study conducted in Japan (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02868359), patients were enrolled between October 2016 through October 2017. During this period, all patients visiting the study sites who met study criteria were continuously enrolled in order to reduce selection bias. Enrollment took place after the physician prescribed analgesics (see further details below regarding study treatments). The study required three visits: baseline/enrollment, at week 4 and week 8. Patients were required to be able to understand and follow study protocols. All participants gave written informed consent in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the Japanese Act on the Protection of Personal Information (Act No. 57 of May 30, 2003). The present study received approval from the Byoin-Godo Ethical Review Board.
Inclusion criteria for participating in the study required patients ≥20 years of age with a diagnosis of chronic cervical pain with accompanying radiating pain to superior limb(s) with a NeP component of ≥12 weeks in duration at baseline. This pain was required to be refractory to previous analgesics and self-rated as ≥5 on an 11-point Numerical Rating Scale (NRS; 0 to 3 = mild pain, 4 to 6 = moderate pain, and 7 to 10 = severe pain), based on recall over the past week. Patients must also have reported sleep disturbance on the Pain-Related Sleep Interference Scale (PRSIS score ≥1) at baseline (based on recall over the past week on a NRS ranging from 0 (“did not interfere with sleep”) to 10 (“completely interferes with sleep”).32 (link) Assessment scales are detailed further below. Patients were excluded if treated with pregabalin within 12 weeks prior to baseline or regularly treated for cervical pain with nerve blocks (eg, stellate ganglion block, epidural block, radicular block, and trigger point injection).
Taguchi T., Nozawa K., Parsons B., Yoshiyama T., Ebata N., Igarashi A, & Fujii K. (2019). Effectiveness of pregabalin for treatment of chronic cervical radiculopathy with upper limb radiating pain: an 8-week, multicenter prospective observational study in Japanese primary care settings. Journal of Pain Research, 12, 1411-1424.
Publication 2019
Analgesics Cardiac Arrest Diagnosis Dyssomnias Epidural Anesthesia Ethical Review Japanese Mental Recall Neck Pain Nerve Block Pain Patients Physicians Plant Roots Pregabalin Radiating Pain Sleep Stellate Ganglion Sulfur Trigger Point Upper Extremity
5
Thoracic Epidural Anesthesia for Lung Surgery
Cited 4 times
Anesthetic techniques were performed as described previously [18 (link)]. Patients received thoracic epidural anesthesia, or LMA Classic (Tele flex, Sweetmeat, Ireland) insertion combined with intrathoracic vagal blockade and intercostal nerve blockade. An epidural catheter was inserted at the T6/T7 or T8/T9 thoracic interspace. We administered 2% lidocaine 2 mL as a testing dose and 0.375–0.5% ropivacaine was used to attain a sensory block between the T2 and T12 dermatomes. Mask- and nasopharyngeal airway-assisted ventilation was provided with an oxygen flow of 3–5 L/min. Sedation was initiated by intravenous infusion of remifentanil and propofol. LMA was inserted after anesthetic induction, allowing spontaneous ventilation.
At the end of procedure, the collapsed lung was re-expanded with positive pressure through mask ventilation or negative-pressure suction through the chest tube. Intravenous drugs were stopped immediately and the epidural catheter was removed. Patients were transferred to the PACU, then to the ward or ICU according to the evaluation of their preoperative cardio-pulmonary function and intraoperative conditions.
Lan L., Cen Y., Zhang C., Qiu Y, & Ouyang B. (2018). A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis for Non-Intubated Thoracic Surgery. Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research, 24, 8081-8087.
Publication 2018
Anesthetics Atelectasis Catheters Chest Tubes Epidural Anesthesia Intravenous Infusion Lidocaine Lung Nasopharynx Nerve Block Oxygen Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pneumogastric Nerve Pressure Propofol Remifentanil Ropivacaine Sedatives Suction Drainage

Most recents protocols related to «Epidural Anesthesia»

1
Anesthetic Management for Thoracic Surgery
All patients received general anesthesia, either alone or in combined with regional nerve block (including paravertebral nerve block, epidural anesthesia, and intercostal nerve block.) according to the type of surgery. Patients underwent lobectomy or sublobectomy according to surgeon’s comprehensive evaluation based on patient’s condition.
Anesthesia induction used propofol and/or etomidate, sufentanil, and rocuronium or cisatracurium. Anesthesia maintenance used sevoflurane or propofol combined with remifentanil or sufentanil. Rocuronium or cisatracurium was used to maintain muscle relaxation. Supplemental drugs such as flurbiprofen axetil were administered when necessary. The aim was to maintain BIS 40-60, blood pressure within 20% of baseline, and temperature 36-37°C.
Double-lumen endotracheal tube of sizes Ch33-39 was used for lung isolation according to patient height. The ventilation mode was volume control mode with 6-8 ml/kg of tidal volume (TV) during two-lung ventilation and 5-6 ml/kg during one-lung ventilation (OLA), and 0-5 cmH2O of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and 12-20 breaths/min of respiratory rates. The aim was to maintain PETCO2 35-45 mmHg and SpO2 ≥92%. At the end of anesthesia, neostigmine was used to antagonize muscular relaxant before extubation.
Fluid infusion was administrated with crystalloid at a rate of 4–6 mL/kg-1h-1. Colloids or blood product was used according to anesthesiologist’s comprehensive evaluation based on patient’s condition. Patient-controlled intravenous analgesia was used after surgery for postoperative analgesia to maintain numeric rating scales (NRS) ≤ 3 scores.
Jin F., Liu W., Qiao X., Shi J., Xin R, & Jia H.Q. (2023). Nomogram prediction model of postoperative pneumonia in patients with lung cancer: A retrospective cohort study. Frontiers in Oncology, 13, 1114302.
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Publication 2023
Anesthesia Anesthesiologist BLOOD Blood Pressure cisatracurium Colloids Epidural Anesthesia Etomidate flurbiprofen axetil General Anesthesia isolation Lung Management, Pain Muscle Tissue Neostigmine Nerve Block One-Lung Ventilation Operative Surgical Procedures Patient-Controlled Analgesia Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Propofol Relaxations, Muscle Remifentanil Respiratory Rate Rocuronium Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen Sevoflurane Solutions, Crystalloid Sufentanil Surgeons Tidal Volume Tracheal Extubation
2
Anesthetic Induction and Epidural Analgesia

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Publication 2023
Anesthesia Bupivacaine Catheters Dipyrone Epidural Anesthesia Intravenous Infusion Management, Pain Needles Normal Saline One-Lung Ventilation Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Pirinitramide Propofol Rocuronium Spaces, Epidural Sufentanil
3
Continuous Epidural vs. ESP Block for VATS
This prospective, randomized, double-blind study was approved by Pusan National University Hospital’s Institutional Review Board (No. H-1807-029-069) and was registered with cris.nih.go.kr (registration number: KCT0003836; date of registration: August 31, 2018). This study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. An informed consent was obtained from 60 patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status classification I-II aged 18 to 85 years and scheduled for lung resection using VATS from October 2018 to May 2019 in Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Korea. Patients who met any of the following criteria were excluded: inability to understand or give informed consent; chronic use of opioids or steroids; the presence of heart, liver, or kidney function abnormalities; infection at the site of the analgesic procedure; abnormal coagulation profile; or a body mass index higher than 30 kg/m2 (link)
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Two groups of patients having VATS were randomly assigned: Group E (n=30) got continuous epidural analgesia, while Group ES (n=30) received continuous ESP block. They were allocated to each group using block randomization tables generated using Randomization.com (http://www.randomization.com). A single anesthesiologist performed all analgesic procedures before inducing general anesthesia in the operating theatre. Ultrasound was used to identify vertebral levels in both groups and guide needle advance and catheter placement in the ESP block group. Fluoroscopy was applied to check the catheter tip position in both groups and confirm the epidural space in the epidural group. Ultrasound and fluoroscopy were used with all patients, so patients could not tell which procedure was performed. Researchers who did not attend the analgesic procedures recorded the postoperative pain score and complications. In addition, patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) pump settings and drugs were also recorded using an electronic data collection tool.
Hong J.M., Kim E., Jeon S., Lee D., Baik J., Cho A.R., Cho J.S, & Ahn H.Y. (2023). A prospective double-blinded randomized control trial comparing erector spinae plane block to thoracic epidural analgesia for postoperative pain in video-assisted thoracic surgery. Saudi Medical Journal, 44(2), 155-163.
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Publication 2023
Analgesics Anesthesiologist Catheter Obstruction Catheters Congenital Abnormality Epidural Anesthesia Ethics Committees, Research Fluoroscopy General Anesthesia Heart Index, Body Mass Infection Kidney Liver Lung Needles Opioids Pain, Postoperative Patient-Controlled Analgesia Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination Spaces, Epidural Steroids Tests, Blood Coagulation Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted Ultrasonics Vertebra
4
Cesarean Section Anesthesia Protocol
A total of 120 primiparous women undergoing elective cesarean section from 1st April to 30th November 2022 in the Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were enrolled, with single term pregnancy, American society of Aneshesiologists physical status II, age 24 to 36, body mass index 24 to 30 kg/m2. The exclusion criteria were as follows: Having mental disorder; Preoperative organic or pharmacogenic depression; Improper position of infant, breech position; Combined pregnancy complications such as hypertension and diabetes; Combined with functional insufficiency of important organs such as heart, liver, kidney and others; The anesthesia mode needed to be changed due to the failing operation of combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia; The anesthesia block plane(temperature sense) is higher than T4, or too low to meet the surgical requirements; ovarian cyst removal or myomectomy are added intraoperatively; Intraoperative blood loss > 500 mL; (10) operation time > 2 hour.
Wang W., Ling B., Chen Q., Xu H., Lv J, & Yu W. (2023). Effect of pre-administration of esketamine intraoperatively on postpartum depression after cesarean section: A randomized, double-blinded controlled trial. Medicine, 102(9), e33086.
Publication 2023
Anesthesia Cesarean Section Cyst Diabetes Mellitus Epidural Anesthesia Heart High Blood Pressures Index, Body Mass Infant Kidney Liver Mental Disorders Operative Surgical Procedures Ovariectomy Physical Examination Pregnancy Pregnancy, Heterotopic Surgical Blood Losses Thermosensing Uterine Myomectomy Woman
5
Comparative Anesthesia Techniques in Surgery
According to the different anesthesia techniques, they were divided into total intravenous anesthesia group (TIVA) and inhalational anesthesia group (INHA). In both groups, patients were induced anesthesia with midazolam 0.05 ~ 0.15 mg/kg, 0.5 ug/kg fentanyl, and 1 ~ 2.5 mg/kg propofol. In the TIVA group, anesthesia was maintained with propofol and remifentanil. In the INHA group, anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and remifentanil. Postoperative pain management was the same in both groups and neither has undergone epidural anesthesia.
Ma Y., Ren J., Chen Z., Chen J., Wei M., Wang Y., Chen H, & Wang L. (2023). Outcomes of intravenous and inhalation anesthesia on patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery: a retrospective observational study. BMC Anesthesiology, 23, 66.
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Publication 2023
Anesthesia Anesthesia, Inhalation Anesthesia, Intravenous Epidural Anesthesia Fentanyl Midazolam Pain, Postoperative Patients Propofol Remifentanil Sevoflurane

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More about "Epidural Anesthesia"

Epidural anesthesia, also known as regional anesthesia, involves the injection of a local anesthetic into the epidural space surrounding the spinal cord.
This technique is commonly used to provide pain relief during childbirth, as well as for various surgical procedures, such as cesarean sections, orthopedic operations, and more.
Epidural anesthesia can help to numb the lower half of the body, allowing for a more comfortable and pain-free experience.
The epidural space is the area between the vertebral column and the dura mater, the outermost layer of the spinal cord.
The injection of the anesthetic into this space blocks the transmission of pain signals, effectively numbing the targeted area.
Commonly used local anesthetics for epidural anesthesia include lidocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine (Rompun).
While epidural anesthesia is generally considered safe, there are potential risks and side effects that patients should be aware of.
These may include headaches, low blood pressure, difficulty urinating, and, in rare cases, more serious complications like nerve damage or infection.
Patients should always discuss the potential benefits and risks with their healthcare providers, such as anesthesiologists or obstetricians, before undergoing the procedure.
Researchers can leverage tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their epidural anesthesia research protocols, effortlessly locate protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and leverage AI-powered comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
Additonally, resources like GE-OEC 9900, Ringer's solution, Zenith device, Gemstar Yellow, Multiskan MK3, NaCl 0.9%, SPSS version 28, PCR-02-C, and SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 24.0 can provide valuable insights and data for epidural anesthesia research and practice.