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Exercise, Isometric

Isometric Exercise refers to muscle contractions without joint movement or changes in muscle length.
This type of exercise is often used to improve muscle strength and endurance.
Isometric exercises may involve pushing or pulling against an immovable object or holding a static position.
This MeSH term encompasses research and literature on the physiological effects, optimal training protocols, and applications of Isometric Exercise across various populations and clinical settings.
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Most cited protocols related to «Exercise, Isometric»

After having introduced the statistical background of Matthews correlation coefficient and the other two measures to which we compare it (accuracy and F1 score), we explore here the correlation between these three rates. To explore these statistical correlations, we take advantage of the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) [100 (link)], which is a rate particularly suitable to evaluate the linear relationship between two continuous variables [101 (link)]. We avoid the usage of rank correlation coefficients (such as Spearman’s ρ and Kendall’s τ [102 ]) because we are not focusing on the ranks for the two lists.
For a given positive integer N≥10, we consider all the possible N+33 confusion matrices for a dataset with N samples and, for each matrix, compute the accuracy, MCC and F1 score and then the Pearson correlation coefficient for the three set of values. MCC and accuracy resulted strongly correlated, while the Pearson coefficient is less than 0.8 for the correlation of F1 with the other two measures (Table 3). Interestingly, the correlation grows with N, but the increments are limited.

Correlation between MCC, accuracy, and F1 score values

NPCC (MCC, F1 score)PCC (MCC, accuracy)PCC (accuracy, F1 score)
100.7421620.8697780.744323
250.7570440.8935720.760708
500.7665010.9076540.769752
750.7698830.9125300.772917
1000.7715710.9149260.774495
2000.7740600.9184010.776830
3000.7748700.9195150.777595
4000.7752700.9200630.777976
5000.7755090.9203880.778201
1 0000.7759820.9210300.778652

Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) between accuracy, MCC and F1 score computed on all confusion matrices with given number of samples N

Similar to what Flach and colleagues did for their isometrics strategy [66 ], we depict a scatterplot of the MCCs and F1 scores for all the 21 084 251 possible confusion matrices for a toy dataset with 500 samples (Fig. 1). We take advantage of this scatterplot to overview the mutual relations between MCC and F1 score.

Relationship between MCC and F1 score. Scatterplot of all the 21 084 251 possible confusion matrices for a dataset with 500 samples on the MCC/ F1 plane. In red, the (−0.04, 0.95) point corresponding to use case A1

The two measures are reasonably concordant, but the scatterplot cloud is wide, implying that for each value of F1 score there is a corresponding range of values of MCC and vice versa, although with different width. In fact, for any value F1=ϕ, the MCC varies approximately between [ϕ−1,ϕ], so that the width of the variability range is 1, independent from the value of ϕ. On the other hand, for a given value MCC=μ, the F1 score can range in [0,μ+1] if μ≤0 and in [μ,1] if μ>0, so that the width of the range is 1−|μ|, that is, it depends on the MCC value μ.
Note that a large portion of the above variability is due to the fact that F1 is independent from TN: in general, all matrices M=αβγx have the same value F1=2α2α+β+γ regardless of the value of x, while the corresponding MCC values range from βγ(α+β)(α+γ) for x=0 to the asymptotic a(α+β)(α+γ) for x. For example, if we consider only the 63 001 confusion matrices of datasets of size 500 where TP=TN, the Pearson correlation coefficient between F1 and MCC increases to 0.9542254.
Overall, accuracy, F1, and MCC show reliable concordant scores for predictions that correctly classify both positives and negatives (having therefore many TP and TN), and for predictions that incorrectly classify both positives and negatives (having therefore few TP and TN); however, these measures show discordant behaviors when the prediction performs well just with one of the two binary classes. In fact, when a prediction displays many true positives but few true negatives (or many true negatives but few true positives) we will show that F1 and accuracy can provide misleading information, while MCC always generates results that reflect the overall prediction issues.
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Publication 2020
Exercise, Isometric Matrix-M
A set of high-quality US images of synovitis of wrist, PIP, knees and MTP joints from patients with RA was evaluated using images from the same register and applying the same approach as described in step 1.
After the exercise on static images, the experts performed bilateral US scanning of the wrist, PIP,2–5 (link) knee and MTP1–5 (link) joints in six different patients twice in two rounds over 2 days (first day wrist and PIP joints, second day knee and MTP joints), using predefined joint positions as follows:

Wrist joints (ie, radiocarpal and midcarpal joints were evaluated as a single site): palms facing down and wrist positioned flat on the examining table, as neutral as possible but relaxed; shoulder and elbow relaxed; elbow rested on the table. Scanning at the level of the radio-lunate joint.

PIP joints: palms facing down and wrist positioned flat on the examining table, as neutral as possible but relaxed, scanning on the dorsal midline aspect.

Knee joints (ie, suprapatellar and parapatellar recesses were scored as a single site): knee 30° flexed and scanning on suprapatellar midline for the suprapatellar recess; knee extended and scanning the parapatellar areas using the retinacula as a landmark for the parapatellar medial and lateral recesses. Doppler signal was recorded only in the medial and lateral parapatellar recesses.

MTP joints: foot placed resting (with knee 30° flexed) over its plantar aspect. Scanning recorded on the dorsal midline aspect.

For all examinations, identical ESAOTE Technos MPX (Genoa, Italy) US machines with an 8–14 MHz linear array transducer were used with identical PD settings (frequency of 10.1 MHz, pulse repetition frequency of 750 Hz and Doppler gain of 50–53 dB). Each patient was assigned to one machine and the sonographers then rotated from one machine to the next in a predefined sequence with 10 min allocated for scanning and recording the findings on a standard score sheet. Participants were blinded to the patients’ clinical details (ie, presence or not of active disease).17
Publication 2017
Afterimage Arecaceae Exercise, Isometric Foot Joints Joints, Elbow Knee Knee Joint Patients Physical Examination Pulse Rate Semilunar Bone Shoulder Synovitis Transducers Wrist Wrist Joint
Once the reordering and sign adjustment of the eigenvectors have taken place, finding the closest points in the spectral domain between embeddings
and
generates a smooth correspondence map (Fig. 2). However, these embedded representations contain slight differences, mostly due to perturbations of the shape isometries such as small changes in distances where the surface undergoes local expansion or compression between meshes. As illustrated on Fig. 4, nonrigid differences in the spectral embeddings become even more severe in highly convoluted surfaces such as brain cortices. Spectral representations need to be nonrigidly aligned.
Closest points in these nonrigidly aligned embedded representations would reveal corresponding points in both shapes (i.e., in the M-dimensional space (the spectral domain), if the point vi
with coordinates
XiM , is the closest point to vj
with coordinates
YjM , then vi corresponds to vj). It is at this point where Eq. (1) is extended by combining the spectral coordinates,
and
, with the feature vectors,
Fx=(fx(1),,fx(K))T for nodes in model X, and
Fy=(fy(1),,fy(K))T for nodes in model Y, to enable spatial regularization in the correspondence map. The extended vectors of Eq. (1) becomes:
X=(cxXM,βFx),
Y=(cyYM,βFy), where cx and cy are M ×M diagonal matrices that contain weights influencing each spectral coordinate, and β is a K × K diagonal matrix containing the weights for each feature (to emphasize or reflect confidence). Each feature is initially scaled, as in Eq. (3), to fit the values of the Fiedler vector, x(2) (i.e., min(f(k)) = min(x(2)) and max(f(k)) = max(x(2))). The weights c of the spectral coordinates takes into account the smoothness of an eigenvector (measured by its eigenvalue λ(u)) and the confidence in the reordering (measured by the permutation cost Q(u)). Specifically, the weight, c(u), of the uth spectral coordinate is:
c(u)=exp(-(Q(u)λ(u))2/2σ2), where σ is a normalization factor set to
The alignment of these embeddings can be viewed as a nonrigid registration, X = φ(Y). Fig. 4 shows the alignment challenge where the first three spectral components (x(2),x(3),x(4)) are used as 3D (x, y, z) coordinates for visualization purposes. The Robust Point Matching [18 ] with a Thin Plate Spline-based transformation is often used for 2D or 3D registration. However, with this approach, the final registration depends on the number and choice of the control points. We apply the recent Coherent Point Drift method [41 (link)] which is scalable to N dimensions, fast, and demonstrates excellent performance in this application.
To increase speed in FOCUSR, we take advantage of the property of the Coherent Point Drift method that a continuous transformation derived from a subset of the points can be applied to all nodes of the dense embeddings. In our case, we subsample X and Y by taking randomly a few points (in our experiments we chose 1% of the total number of vertices, roughly 1000 points).
Publication 2013
Brain Cloning Vectors Cortex, Cerebral Exercise, Isometric
This randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial was approved by the Johns Hopkins Medicine Institutional Review Board and complies with the Declaration of Helsinki. All study participants provided written informed consent. HIV-seropositive people on stable ART with no clinical CAD were recruited from the outpatient clinics at Johns Hopkins Medicine and at University of Maryland (Table 1). Potential participants underwent screening MRI to measure CEF and those with abnormal CEF (defined as a change in coronary blood flow (CBF) during isometric handgrip exercise (IHE) of ≤7ml/min from the resting value in at least one coronary segment) [10 (link)] underwent additional screening measures described in detail in Supplement. After completing all screening procedures, qualifying subjects were randomly assigned 1:1 by the Johns Hopkins Investigational Pharmacy to either LDC: colchicine (0.6mg daily) or placebo orally once daily. The investigators and study participants were blinded to the study drug assignment. Enrollment began January 11th, 2016 and the trial ended May 1st, 2019. Additional details appear in the Supplement and the trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02624180).
Publication 2021
BLOOD Blood Circulation Colchicine Dietary Supplements Ethics Committees, Research Exercise, Isometric Heart HIV Seropositivity Pharmaceutical Preparations Placebos Screening
The 3-month intervention consisted of a physical exercise program, including 3 sessions of training per week (on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays). A total of 36 training sessions were carried out for each group. Training was performed under the supervision of a qualified and certified fitness instructor, and under medical supervision, in a professional training room situated in Sport Club City Zen, Poznań. Group A underwent endurance training on cycle ergometers (Schwinn Evolution, Schwinn Bicycle Company, Boulder, CO, USA). Training sessions consisted of 5 min of warm-up (stretching exercises) at low intensity (50-60% of maximum HR); 45 min of training at an intensity between 50 and 80% of maximum HR; 5 min of cycling without load, and 5 min of closing stretching and breathing exercises of low intensity. Group B underwent endurance strength training, which consisted of 5 min of warm-up (stretching exercises) of low intensity (50-60% of maximum HR), a strength component, an endurance component, cycling without load, and closing exercises. The strength component involved 20 min of strength exercises with a neck barbell and a gymnastic ball. To allow muscle power to regenerate, the strength component was variable and repeated regularly every week. On Mondays, upper limb exercises were performed with a neck barbell; Wednesdays involved spine-stabilizing exercises, deep muscle-forming exercises, and balance-adjusting exercises with a gymnastic ball; on Fridays, lower limb exercises with a neck barbell were carried out. The exercises were repeated in series. The number of repetitions of each exercise in the series was dependent on the subjects’ muscle strength and was equal to the number of repetitions performed correctly. The number of repetitions was systematically increased with the increase in subjects’ muscle strength. Between the series of strength exercises, 10- to 15-second regeneration pauses were taken, during which subjects performed isometric exercises. Directly after the strength exercises, the subjects underwent 25 min of endurance exercise on cycle ergometers (Schwinn Evolution) of intensity between 50 and 80% of maximum HR, 5 min of cycling without load, and 5 min of closing stretching and breathing exercises of low intensity. HR during training was monitored with a Suunto Fitness Solution® device (Suunto, Vantaa, Finland). Both training programs were comparable in exercise volume and varied only in the nature of the effort.
Publication 2015
Biological Evolution Breathing Exercises Exercise, Isometric Lower Extremity Medical Devices Muscle Strength Muscle Tissue Neck Regeneration Supervision Training Programs Upper Extremity Vertebral Column

Most recents protocols related to «Exercise, Isometric»

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Publication 2023
Braces Exercise, Isometric Gravity Laceration Muscle Strength Patients Rehabilitation Tendons
This study is part of a larger research project with a multi-center RCT, aiming
to compare two different ways of distributing neck-specific rehabilitation to
individuals with chronic WAD in primary health care in Sweden.8 (link) After
written and oral informed consent, 140 individuals with chronic neck problems
corresponding to WAD grades 2–318 (link) verified by clinical
examination, were included in the RCT and randomized into one of two groups.
Both groups received the same NSE for 12 weeks. Exercises were chosen from a
clear and written frame and included exercises for the deep neck muscles,
continuing with the endurance, training of neck and shoulder muscles. Part 1:
Activation by supine isometric exercises 5 repetitions 5 times a day with
progression to next part. Part 2: Progression from supine to sitting isometric
exercises 3 × 10, 3 times a day. Part 3: Endurance training, starting with 5–10
repetitions and progression to 3 × 20 if tolerated, 3 times a week. Training of
neck and shoulder muscles were included, 3 × 10, 3 times a week. The exercises
are individually adjusted according to the individual's physical conditions and
progressively increased in severity and dose. These exercises have been used
with good results in a previous RCT, where the program is described more in
detail.19 (link),20 (link) The first visit to the physiotherapist take
approximately 60 minutes and the others 30 minutes. Group A received
internet-based support in combination with four visits to the physiotherapist
while group B received two visits/week to the physiotherapist but without the
internet-based support.8 (link) This internet-based support consisted of a digital
platform with information provided in text, pictures and videos about pain, pain
management, WAD, neck muscle function, how to perform the NSE, as well as an
opportunity to report daily exercises and receive SMS reminders to do the
exercises. No tools or special aids were provided for the internet-based
support.
Physiotherapists who had experienced at least one patient randomized to the
internet-based support group were eligible to participate in this focus group
study. To facilitate group discussions, we strived for a variation of
physiotherapists regarding age, gender, length of work experience, working in
public and private primary care centers and different regions in south and
central Sweden. Eligible physiotherapists were approached by e-mail with
information of the study, and interested physiotherapists were given extended
written and oral information. Nine physiotherapists chose to participate, and
were strategically distributed into one of the focus groups to reach a variation
of experiences (different regions, public/private clinic, age, etc.). Three
focus group discussions were held with three physiotherapists in each group.
Participant characteristics are shown in Table 1.
Publication 2023
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ARID1A protein, human Disease Progression Encounter Groups Exercise, Isometric Gender Muscle Tissue Neck Neck Muscles Pain Patients Physical Examination Physical Therapist Primary Health Care Reading Frames Rehabilitation Shoulder
Statistics were calculated using Statistica Software, (Version 10), Statsoft Polska. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures was performed to evaluate the effect of exercise (3 levels: calves, deep squat, semi squat) and the effect of repetition (6 levels i.e. 6 repetitions of each exercise) on SBP, DBP, PP, and HR. A Newman-Keuls post hoc analysis was performed when significant factor effects or their interactions were detected. A value of p < 0.05 was accepted as the threshold of statistical significance.
In order to find out whether the pressor response to static exercises is individually different in PD patents, the linear regression was applied to find out whether individual magnitude of ΔSBP, calculated as average of 6 repetitions of deep squat was correlated with individual magnitude of ΔSBP, calculated as average of 6 repetitions of semi squat. ΔSBP for given repetition was calculated as a difference between baseline SBP; i.e. average of SBP measured during 30 seconds immediately before commencing first exercise, and SBP during given repetition, i.e. average of SBP measured during 30 seconds of given repetition. The linear regression between individual ΔSBP during deep squat performed with and without vibration in subjects from the supplementary group was also applied to find out whether the pressor responses to this exercise were individually different.
One-way ANOVA was applied to examine whether there exists significant differences in age, weight, height, duration of disease, Hoehn & Yahr scale, and basal SBP between four groups of PD subjects. The criteria of allotting particular subjects to the given group are described in Results section. Similarly, one-way ANOVA was performed to investigate significance of differences between four groups in mean ΔSBP, ΔDBP, ΔPP, and ΔHR changes obtained during deep squat. ΔDBP, ΔPP, and ΔHR were calculated in the analogous way as ΔSBP.
Publication 2023
Exercise, Isometric Neoplasm Metastasis Scheuermann's Disease Vibration
Twenty four participants (12 men and 12 women) with PD were recruited to participate in the study.
Inclusion criteria were as follows: idiopathic PD, Hoehn & Yahr stage below 3, disease duration less than 10 years since disease diagnosis, men and women, age 55–75, lack of disorders that interfere with ability to perform static exercises on vibrating platform, willing to participate in exercise session performed on such platform.
The exclusion criteria were: venous thromboembolism, musculoskeletal disorders, implanted endoprosthesis, treated cardiovascular diseases including arrhythmias, neurodegenerative diseases except PD and involvement in intensive physical activity. Subjects’ details are given in Table 1. Additionally, twelve (1 man and 11 women) healthy persons were enrolled into the supplementary group. The details are given in Table 2.
All participants provided written informed consent. The study was approved by the Ethical Committee of Warsaw Medical University in Warsaw.
Publication 2023
Cardiac Arrhythmia Cardiovascular Diseases Diagnosis Endoprosthesis Exercise, Isometric Musculoskeletal Diseases Neurodegenerative Disorders Venous Thromboembolism Woman
The participants will carry out the exercise program by the same experienced physiotherapist at the Day Care Centre of the Alzheimer Association in Athens. They will receive 24 physiotherapy sessions of exercise, lasting 45 minutes each, twice a week. The duration of the physiotherapy program will be three months (12 weeks). The physiotherapy exercise program will include exercises selected from the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) which was developed and tested by the New Zealand Falls Prevention Research Group in New Zealand to reduce falls in older persons. Yet little research has investigated the use of OEP in people with dementia[17 (link),18 ]. In particular, OEP consists of a warm-up stage promoting circulation and preparing the body for the rest of the program. Participants will mobilize their joints and stretch their muscles. Strength exercises programs i.e. resistance training protocols with the use of weights, can improve muscle strength, physical performance and endurance in elders[19 (link)]. Balance is essential to improve posture and perform everyday activities. Dynamic and static balance exercises may also increase confidence and reduce the possibility of a fall. Finally, stretching exercises develop flexibility and promote relaxation. They reduce the likelihood of fatigue and revitalize the body at the end of an exercise session[20 ]. The exercise program may include the following: (1) easy marching, (2) head movements, (3) back extensions, (4) ankle movements, (5) front and back knee strengthening, (6) slide hip strengthening, (7) calf and toe raises hold, (8) toe and heel walking, (9) one leg stances, (10) sideways walking, (11) sit to stand, (12) back of thigh and calf stretches. All participants will perform identical exercises during their program. They will be able advance to the next level of exercises, according to the Otago protocol instructions[20 ].
All participants will be screened for their imagery ability. The experimental group will complete the Vividness of Movement Imagery Questionnaire (VMIQ) which examines movement imagery[21 ]. This instrument consists of 24 items related to movement imagery, including visual imagery of the movement itself and imagery of kinesthetic sensations. Participants are required to visualize movements and also to imagine someone else performing the same movements. The items fall into six groups of four items each relating to: (a) basic movements; (b) basic movement with more precision; (c) movement with control but with some unplanned risk; (d) movement controlling object; (e) movements which cause imbalance and recovery; and (f) movements requiring control in aerial situations. The VMIQ score is from 1, i.e., perfectly clear and as vivid as normal vision, to 5, i.e., no image at all, you only “know” that you are thinking of the skill. In the first four sessions of the intervention phase, participants will be informed about MI and get a brief report on its influence on clinical and healthy populations. They will follow exercises and instructions designed to develop their skills of MI in terms of self-perception, vividness and control during the first four sessions. A training period of MI is necessary to enable participants to see, control and vividly construct an image in their mind. During this training participants see images of themselves performing movements from everyday life i.e., single leg stance, walking, jogging, climbing stairs, going downstairs, going uphill, going downhill, swimming, etc.[22 ,23 (link)]. A relaxation technique will be performed before starting each imagery training session to facilitate clarity and vividness of imagery representations[24 ]. Participants will complete a manipulation check with a Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 5 (very much) at the end of every session to confirm whether they are imagining the content of the representation vividly and truthfully.
The same physiotherapist experienced in managing individuals with dementia will perform the assessments. The assessor that will perform the data collection is trained in the procedure and in using the study instruments. A blinded assessor will be involved in motor, cognitive and emotional assessment of participants.
Publication 2023
Ankle Cognition Dementia elder flower Emotions Exercise, Isometric Fatigue Head Movements Heel Human Body Imagery, Guided Joints Kinesthesis Knee Joint Menstruation Disturbances Movement Muscle Strength Muscle Tissue Performance, Physical Physical Therapist Population Group Relaxation Techniques Self-Perception Therapy, Physical Thigh Thinking Skills

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More about "Exercise, Isometric"

Isometric training, static exercise, muscle contraction, strength building, endurance improvement, muscle force, immovable object, static positioning, grip strength, dynamometer, bioabsorbable screws, data analysis software, vital signs monitoring, heart rate tracking, blood pressure measurement, data acquisition, hydraulic grip strength, statistical analysis.
Isometric exercises involve muscle contractions without joint movement or changes in muscle length, often used to enhance muscle strength and endurance.
These exercises may involve pushing or pulling against an immovable object, or holding a static position.
Research on isometric exercise protocols, physiological effects, and applications across populations can be optimized using AI-driven platforms like PubCompare.ai to locate relevant literature, preprints, and patents, and identify the best approaches for your studies.
Enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of your isometric exercise research by leveraging AI-powered comparisons and insights.
Tools like handgrip dynamometers, bioabsorbable screws, data analysis software (e.g., Stata, SPSS), vital signs monitors, heart rate trackers, and hydraulic grip strength devices can be used to measure and analyze the outcomes of isometric exercise interventions.
Explore the power of isometric exercise research optimization today with PubCompare.ai.