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Home Isolation

Home Isolation: The practice of remaining at home and avoiding contact with others to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
This can be voluntariry or mandated by health authorities during outbreaks or pandemics.
Home isolation helps to reduce transmission, protect vulnerable populations, and flatten the curve of disease spread.
It is an important public health measure that can be implemented at the individual, community, or national level to mitigate the impact of infectious disease outbreaks.
Home Isolation plays a crucial role in containing the spread of illnesses and protecting public health.

Most cited protocols related to «Home Isolation»

The RECOVER registry is the result of a grass‐roots effort of a consortium of 45 emergency medicine clinician investigators from 27 US states representing both community and academic centers. The registry had 2 preliminary aims. First, creation of a quantitative pretest probability scoring system to predict a positive SARS‐CoV‐2 test, and relatedly the derivation and internal validation of a prediction rule to identify those at very low probability of disease (COVID‐19 Rule Out Criteria‐CORC rule). The second aim is the derivation and internal validation of a set of criteria to predict the development of severe COVID‐19. Rationale for the RECOVER registry hinges on the fact that the ED represents a pivotal site for syndromic surveillance because of the high volume of undifferentiated patients and the spectrum of illness that can be captured early in the disease course. In 2016, US EDs had >145 million encounters each year, and we anticipated that millions of ED patients would be evaluated for suspected COVID‐19 in 2020.13 Additionally, because the ED interfaces with both outpatient and inpatient medical care, the critical question of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection status affects decisions to admit or discharge the patient, return to work, need for home isolation, and the location of hospital admission.
Recognizing in March of 2020 that a vaccine was at least 12 months away, and SARS‐CoV‐2 would likely remain endemic in the years to come, the first aim focused on developing simple clinical criteria to exclude COVID‐19 at the bedside, without the need for blood or radiographic testing. In many EDs, the turnaround time for laboratory testing for SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleic acid takes longer than 24 hours and rapid point‐of‐care assays have been hampered by low sensitivity, with one systematic review finding the sensitivity in pooled data at only 56% for antigen tests.7 Reports of low test sensitivity for swab reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rtPCR) tests, and tests that use other nucleic amplification techniques, have raised concern.4, 6, 14 Without specific reliable exclusionary criteria, emergency care clinicians cannot make expeditious decisions for each of the tens of millions of ED patients with symptoms consistent with COVID‐19, nor can the emergency care system operate efficiently with the potential need to order a SARS‐CoV‐2 test for each of these patients.
Publication 2020
Antigens Biological Assay BLOOD Cell Nucleus COVID 19 Disease Progression Emergency Care Home Isolation Hospitalization Hypersensitivity Nucleic Acids Outpatients Patient Discharge Patients Plant Roots Poaceae Point-of-Care Systems Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction SARS-CoV-2 Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis Vaccines X-Rays, Diagnostic
We model the spread of COVID-19 deterministically, using an extended SEIR model, i.e., a deterministic compartmental model of ordinary differential equations. We first describe the model verbally and provide a concise mathematical description in Supplement file 1. Figure 1 illustrates the model.

Model illustration. IEff is the number of contagious individuals i.e., IEff=IIIsopHomeIHome

A population of size N is divided into susceptible, infected, and recovered individuals. During the course of the infection, individuals pass through (i) the latency period, during which they are not yet infective, (ii) the prodromal period, during which they are already infective, but the infection is still in an early state where it cannot be yet transmitted as easily as in the later period, in which viral load already increased (in this period, individuals do not yet show typical symptoms), and (iii) the final infectious period during which infected individuals may or may not have symptoms. Finally, individuals recover and obtain a full immunity or die. The model follows the time change of the number of individuals being susceptible (S), in the latent period (E), in the prodromal period (P), in the final infectious period (I), and in the final recovered (R) and dead (D) stages.
The classical approach to model the time change of the number of latent, prodromal and infected individuals would be to assume that individuals simply proceed from one stage to the next. This, however, is too simplistic, because it implies that the time-delay would be exponentially distributed, which does not appropriately describe the dynamics. To mitigate this issue, the latent, prodromal, and final infectious periods are divided into several sub-stages. Infected individuals first pass through the latent, then through the prodromal, and through the final infectious period in a stepwise process, which leads to much more realistic delays for people passing on from the latent to the prodromal period, to the final infectious period and finally to the immune stage.
As the model is built for an epidemic which occurs in a large population in a relatively short time period, deaths, which are unrelated to the disease, are ignored. Contacts between individuals are assumed to occur at random. Susceptible individuals acquire infections through contacts with individuals in the prodromal or the final infectious periods at rates βP and βI, respectively. The basic reproduction number R0 is the average number of infections caused by an infected individual in a completely susceptible population, in which no interventions occur, during the entire infectious period, consisting of the prodromal period and the final infectious period. This number summarizes all the infections, which are caused during the entire infectious period. This definition of R0 specifically requires that initially everybody but the infected individuals in the population is susceptible and there are no intervention measures. The basic reproduction number is allowed to fluctuate seasonally.
Infected individuals first become latent carriers. After that, they enter the prodromal period, in which they can infect others even before entering the final infectious period. At the beginning of the final infectious period, it is determined whether the infection proceeds as symptomatic or asymptomatic. A fraction fSick of individuals in the final infectious period develops symptoms. CovidSIM Version 1.0 allows to isolate individuals with symptoms and to restrict this intervention to a time interval. The detected fraction of symptomatic infections is isolated in quarantine wards, but if it is full, they go directly into home isolation. Home isolation only prevents a fraction of contacts, while quarantine wards are assumed to prevent all infectious contacts.
After the final infectious period, symptomatic infections result in death with a given probability. Infected individuals that do not die at the end of the final infectious period become permanently immune.
Furthermore, CovidSIM allows addressing time-dependent interventions to prevent contacts because of social distancing measures.
Publication 2020
COVID 19 Dietary Supplements Epidemics Home Isolation Infection Prodromal Period Quarantine Response, Immune
Predi-COVID is a prospective, hybrid cohort study composed of people positively tested for COVID-19 in Luxembourg. After explicit consent, virtually all positive patients could be included in the Predi-COVID cohort. A subsample of a minimum of 200 participants who agree to provide biological samples will be included in the deep phenotyping substudy. This number will be adapted to quickly evolving knowledge on COVID-19 and to the resources available to include and sample patients. For hospitalised patients, the protocol encompasses a face-to-face inclusion combined with daily evaluations up to death or discharge (using the International Severe Acute Respiratory and Emerging Infection (ISARIC) modified case report form (CRF) (CORE+DAILY modules)7 ). After discharge, participants will enter a ‘Home’ protocol based on digital follow-up using web and mobile applications. The CoLive LIH smartphone app will be used to collect epidemiological, clinical and voice data to monitor health status and symptoms over time.
Predi-COVID participants will be actively followed for 14 days after confirmation of diagnosis, whether they are at the hospital or at home in isolation or quarantine. Short evaluations will also be performed at weeks 3 and 4, and then monthly for a period up to 12 months to assess potential long-term consequences of COVID-19. A biological sampling will be performed at baseline and week 3 for Predi-COVID participants.
The Predi-COVID-H substudy is a prospective, longitudinal, hybrid cohort study which will include the household members of the Predi-COVID participants (figure 1). A subsample of a minimum of 300 participants will be composed of those who agree to provide biological samples. We further describe people participating in the main study as ‘Predi-COVID participants’ and those in the ancillary substudy of household members as ‘Predi-COVID-H participants’.
Publication 2020
A 300 Biopharmaceuticals COVID 19 Diagnosis Face Home Isolation Households Hybrids Infection Patient Discharge Patients Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome Quarantine Respiratory Rate
All patients underwent a prescreening questionnaire about COVID-19 symptoms in one of the six dedicated tents for COVID-19 located outside the Emergency Department collecting specific clinical information: fever, cough and dyspnea. Fever was defined with a temperature >37.5°C. Thereafter, specific blood tests (COVID-19 panel, internal disposition) and nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs were obtained for each patient. To confirm the positivity to SARS-COV2, real-time reverse transcriptase RT-PCR (Charitè, Berlin, Germany) was used (15 ). All patients received two nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swabs at a time interval of 24 hours. Patients were considered negative after two consecutive negative RT-PCR results. Patient demographic characteristics, clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory results were collected. Symptomatic patients (fever >37.5°C, cough and dyspnea) with positive RT-PCR and positive CT were hospitalized, whereas patients with positive RT-PCR but negative CT (see below) and/or mild symptoms (fever ≤37.5°C, no dyspnea) were discharged for home isolation per our hospital guidelines. Data about hospitalization or home isolation were also collected.
Publication 2020
Cough COVID 19 Dyspnea Fever Hematologic Tests Home Isolation Hospitalization Nasopharynx Oropharynxs Patients Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
For each animal, the infection status was investigated by serological, microbiological, and histopathological methods. Serum samples were evaluated for specific antibody production against MAP by using the two-step indirect Pourquier ELISA paratuberculosis kit (Institut Pourquier, Montpellier, France), currently IDEXX Paratuberculosis Screening and Verification Ab Tests (IDEXX Laboratories, Inc., Westbrook, ME, USA) as recommended by the manufacturers. MAP detection was assessed by processing two homogenates formed with mucosa from ileocecal valve (ICV) and distal ileum (DI) in one and jejunal caudal lymph node (JC-LN) in the other. Isolation in duplicate home-made Herrold and Löwenstein-Jensen media containing 2 mg/L of mycobactin J (Allied Monitor, Fayette, MO, USA) was carried out by inoculation of an aliquot, in accordance with Juste et al. [29 (link)]. At the same time another aliquot of the same homogenates was used for amplification of specific MAP IS900 DNA with a commercially combined DNA extraction, purification, and real-time PCR kit (Adiapure-Adiavet; Adiagene, Saint Brieuc, France) as indicated by Vázquez et al. [23 , 25 , 28 ]. Typical histological PTB lesions were investigated in three tissue sections (ICV-DI, JC-LN, and ileal LN), which were fixed in 10% neutral-buffered formalin, dehydrated, embedded in paraffin, cut at 4 μm sections, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin (HE). If granulomatous lesions consistent with PTB in HE-stained sections were observed, an additional section was stained with the Ziehl-Neelsen method for acid-fast bacilli. Histopathological lesions were classified into focal, multifocal, diffuse lymphoplasmacytic, diffuse intermediate, and diffuse histiocytic types, according to González et al. [22 (link)] and Vazquez et al. [23 ]. These four diagnostic protocols have been described in detail elsewhere [23 , 25 , 28 ].
ELISA was the least sensitive diagnostic method if referred to MAP isolation (%Se = 38.8 (95% CI = 30.9–46.7)) or histopathology (%Se = 17.2 (95% CI = 13.3–21.1)) and showed good specificity values (over 97%) for both reference tests. This resulted in moderate and poor agreement with tissue culture (kappa = 0.452) and histopathology (kappa = 0.156), respectively. On the contrary, rtPCR was a more sensitive test if compared with the same references (tissue culture: %Se = 79.6 (95% CI = 73.1–86.1); histopathology: %Se = 41.8 (95% CI = 36.8–46.9)), showing moderate agreement with tissue culture (kappa = 0.456) but poor agreement with histopathology (kappa = 0.177). Additionally, histopathology appeared as a more sensitive reference method for PTB diagnosis (%Se = 77.6 (95% CI = 70.8–84.3)) than tissue culture (%Se = 31.1 (95% CI = 26.4–35.9)) when they were evaluated together. On average, fair agreement was estimated for these two methods (kappa = 0.237).
Based on these phenotypical results, animals were further grouped into three PTB forms: apparently free, latent PTB, and patent PTB [25 ]. In total 366 PTB cases were considered of which 294 were latent, and the remaining 72 were patent ones. The number of apparently free animals (without lesions) accounted to 406 animals.
Publication 2014
Acids Animals Antibody Formation Diagnosis Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Eosin Formalin Granuloma Histiocytes Home Isolation Ileocecal Valve Ileum Infection isolation Jejunum Lacticaseibacillus casei Mucous Membrane mycobactin Nodes, Lymph Paraffin Embedding Paratuberculosis Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Serum Staining Tissues Vaccination

Most recents protocols related to «Home Isolation»

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Publication 2023
Antigens Child COVID 19 Home Isolation Immunoglobulin G Infant, Newborn Physicians Quarantine Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction SARS-CoV-2 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Cross-sectional research was used in this study. The inclusion criteria were college students: (1) who were currently enrolled in universities, (2) who were staying in the epidemic areas of Mainland China during the outbreak of COVID-19, and (3) returning to school for the first time after a lockdown and home isolation. The exclusion criteria were students who showed regularity in responses (i.e., cases whose responses were all constant in the scales). After excluding cases that did not meet the inclusion criteria (n = 121), our final sample consisted of 3,763 individuals.
Publication 2023
COVID 19 Epidemics Home Isolation Return to School Student
A total of 143 COVID-19 patients admitted to the Emergency Medicine Department of the Polyclinic Umberto I in Rome between March 2020 and May 2021 were included in the study and provided verbal consent to participate. Serum samples were collected upon admission before starting any treatment and tested by the Laboratory Department. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) SARS-CoV-2 infection defined as the presence of at least two positive reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction results from nasopharyngeal swabs; (2) chest CT imaging suggestive of COVID-19 pneumonia; and (3) age >18 years. According to the WHO guidelines, patients were divided into four different groups according to the severity of pulmonary impairment in CT and respiratory failure [36 ]: patients with no CT alterations (Group 0–mild); patients with changes in CT scan requiring no oxygen support (Group 1–moderate); patients with CT scan plus oxygen supplementation (Group 2–severe) and patients with CT abnormalities plus intensive care unit (ICU) admission (Group 3–critical). The lung involvement, reported as the percentage of parenchyma affected by the disease, was established through the analysis of the chest CT by expert radiologists following a standardized procedure [37 (link),38 (link)]. After the initial evaluation and management, patients were discharged in home isolation or were hospitalized in low, medium, or sub-intensive/intensive care units according to their medical needs. All patients were followed up to 60 days after emergency department admission. Patients were further grouped based on whether they experienced death/ARDS (acute respiratory distress syndrome) within two months of admission or not.
Publication 2023
Chest Congenital Abnormality COVID 19 Home Isolation Lung Nasopharynx Oxygen Patients Pneumonia Radiologist Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult Respiratory Failure Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Serum X-Ray Computed Tomography
This study’s primary endpoint was to compare the effectiveness of each vaccine in preventing RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 cases and COVID-19-related hospitalizations versus those not vaccinated. The secondary endpoint was to compare and monitor the SARS-Cov-2 antibody responses to the different vaccines. During the study, vaccinated or unvaccinated participants developing fever or respiratory symptoms were tested immediately by COVID-19 RT-PCR. Positive cases were followed through home isolation or hospitalization and beyond.
Publication 2023
COVID-19 Vaccines COVID 19 Fever Home Isolation Hospitalization Immunoglobulins Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory
Eligible patients consulted one of the three participating primary care clinics during the recruitment period with a clinical suspicion of COVID-19 based on the Federal Office of Public Health case definition of a clinical suspicion [19 ].
The case definition evolved over the study period, corresponding initially to symptoms of an acute respiratory infection (e.g., cough, sore throat, dyspnea) and fever ≥ 38 °C, later modified to “or” fever and with the addition of the sudden onset of loss of smell or taste. Asymptomatic patients were excluded. Children and adolescents could be included, but were not usually seen in the participating study centers.
In the walk-in clinics, a first triage system was established whereby patients who arrived onsite self-assessed if they were COVID-19 suspects with the official criteria of the time of having fever, cough, or respiratory distress. COVID-19-suspected cases entered the specific COVID-19 flow where a nurse conducted a second triage, collecting patients’ vital signs, symptoms, risk factors and professional exposure, and past contact with confirmed or suspected cases (see Supplementary material). Patients with clinical danger signs were referred to the hospital. Patients with signs of clinical pneumonia, symptomatic patients with risk factors, or health professionals were referred for a medical consultation and a nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing on-site. All other patients were not tested and sent home with self-isolation instructions, as per national recommendations. From April 26th onwards, all patients were tested by triage nurses in walk-in clinic A, without a medical consultation (unless considered necessary). In the private practice and walk-in clinic B, all patients benefited from a medical consultation until the end of the study.
Because of the many uncertainties around the clinical course of COVID in this initial phase of the pandemic, telephone follow-ups were organized two, four, and eight days after the initial consultations of all patients (corresponding time windows: 1–3 days; 4–6 days; and 7–12 days). Phone calls were conducted by supervised medical students or nurses at the walk-in clinics and by the general practitioner in the private practice. Follow-up was systematic for all patients at walk-in clinic A, and only for RT-PCR-positive patients at the other two sites.
An additional telephone follow up was conducted for research purpose to assess clinical outcomes at least 28 days after the initial consultation. The study was approved on 27 April 2020, by the Cantonal Research Ethics Committee of the canton of Vaud, Switzerland (CER-VD 2020-00901). Patients’ consent was sought retrospectively for patients consulting before April 27th, and prospectively thereafter.
Publication 2023
Adolescent Child Cough COVID 19 Dyspnea Ethics Committees, Research Fever Health Personnel Home Isolation Infection Nasopharynx Nurses Pandemics Patients Pneumonia Primary Health Care Respiratory Rate Respiratory Tract Infections Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction SARS-CoV-2 Signs, Vital Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory Sore Throat Students, Medical Taste

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More about "Home Isolation"

Home isolation, also known as self-isolation or quarantine, is the practice of remaining at home and avoiding contact with others to prevent the spread of infectious diseases.
This can be voluntary or mandated by health authorities during outbreaks or pandemics, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Home isolation plays a crucial role in containing the spread of illnesses and protecting public health.
It helps to reduce transmission, protect vulnerable populations, and flatten the curve of disease spread.
By staying at home and limiting contact with others, individuals can help mitigate the impact of infectious disease outbreaks at the individual, community, or national level.
The process of home isolation often involves the use of advanced scientific techniques and tools, such as PCR-Fluorescent Probe analysis, Stata statistical software (versions 14, 16), SPSS software (versions 21, 26, 27), and Dynabeads Human T-Activator CD3/CD28 for cell isolation.
These technologies can be employed to monitor and support the effectiveness of home isolation measures, as well as to understand the underlying epidemiological and biological factors that contribute to disease transmission and containment.
By implementing home isolation, individuals can play a key role in flattening the curve and protecting themselves, their loved ones, and their communities.
Whether voluntairely or mandated, home isolation remains an essential public health strategy for mitigating the impact of infectious disease outbreaks and safeguarding the wellbeing of all.