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> Procedures > Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure > Involuntary Treatment

Involuntary Treatment

Involuntary Treatment refers to medical or psychiatric interventions performed on individuals without their consent.
This may include hospitalization, medication, or other therapies administered against the person's will.
Involuntary Treatment is a complex and ethically challenging area, often involving issues of civil liberties, patient autonomy, and the balance between individual rights and societal welfare.
Researchers and clinicians must carefully navigate this terrain, ensuring the proctection of vulnerable populations while respecting personal freedoms.
PubCompare.ai can assist in this process by providing access to relevant literature, pre-prints, and patents, enabling informed decision-making and the identification of optimal treatment protocols.

Most cited protocols related to «Involuntary Treatment»

1
Sample Size Estimation for Superiority Trials
Cited 28 times
For a continuous normally distributed outcome, in a superiority trial, the sample size per treatment arm, n, to ensure adequate power (1–β) where β is the Type II error rate whilst controlling the Type I error rate, α, for a specified/required treatment difference, d, and standard deviation, σ, is given by
n=(r+1)(z1-β+z1-α/2)2σ2rd2
where r is the allocation ratio of participants between the two treatment arms, experimental to control.6 Subjective clinical expertise can be used to specify the required treatment difference and there are agreed values used for the Type I and II error levels. However, a difficulty arises when trying to quantify the standard deviation.7 (link) Estimating the standard deviation at an inappropriate level can have a serious effect on the power of the study.8 (link) If the anticipated standard deviation is estimated to be too high, the trial will contain more participants than necessary. If the anticipated value is estimated to be too low, the trial will not contain enough participants to find the required effect, leading to the problems outlined in Section 1.
One of the methods investigators might use to try to get an accurate prediction of the true standard deviation (or variance) of the outcome measure is to conduct an external pilot trial prior to the main trial. Pilot trials are often small; therefore, they tend to imprecisely predict the true variance. The anticipated distribution of the pilot variance is a chi-squared distribution.9 As a consequence, the accuracy of the variance prediction will depend on the pilot sample size and, hence, the degrees of freedom for the variance. Estimating the main trial sample size from equation (1) can result in a loss of power when the variance is imprecisely estimated. Using previous trial results to estimate the variance introduces a type of imprecision that should be allowed for when estimating the sample size for the main trial.9
Whitehead A.L., Julious S.A., Cooper C.L, & Campbell M.J. (2015). Estimating the sample size for a pilot randomised trial to minimise the overall trial sample size for the external pilot and main trial for a continuous outcome variable. Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 25(3), 1057-1073.
Publication 2015
Arm, Upper Involuntary Treatment Specimen Handling
2
Propensity Score Matching Simulation
Cited 23 times
We randomly generated 1000 datasets with the required treatment effect using the above data-generating process (each randomly generated dataset consisted of 1000 subjects with required conditions). Within each randomly generated dataset, we estimated the propensity score by regressing treatment status on the 8 variables using a multinomial logistic regression model. The matched samples were obtained by matching subjects on the logit of the propensity score using nearest neighbor matching, with calipers ranging from 0.1 to 0.8 of the pooled standard deviations of the logit of the propensity score in increments of 0.1. The matching distance was described in Section 2.
Wang Y., Cai H., Li C., Jiang Z., Wang L., Song J, & Xia J. (2013). Optimal Caliper Width for Propensity Score Matching of Three Treatment Groups: A Monte Carlo Study. PLoS ONE, 8(12), e81045.
Publication 2013
Involuntary Treatment
3
Lung SBRT Trial Credentialing and Review
Cited 17 times

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Publication 2015
Chest Ethics Committees, Research Immobilization Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Involuntary Treatment Lung Obstetric Delivery Patients Radiometry Radiotherapy Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated Therapeutics
4
Harms of Transient HPV Infection Screening
Cited 16 times
Most episodes of HPV infection and many CIN1 and CIN2 cases are transient and will not develop into CIN3 or cancer.28 (link)–30 (link) The potential harms associated with detecting these transient lesions include the anxiety associated with a “positive” cancer screening test, potential stigmatization from the diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection, discomfort from additional diagnostic and treatment procedures, bleeding from treatment, and, longer term, an increased risk of pregnancy complications such as preterm delivery due to treatment31 (link). Having a positive test at any point in one’s life may contribute to a perception of an increased risk of cancer, and a subsequent desire for more testing, further increasing the likelihood of another positive test.32 (link) Although any false positive test has the potential for inducing anxiety or other psychological distress, quality-of-life instruments are rarely included in controlled clinical trials of screening. Because of this, we used the number of colposcopies, both alone and relative to CIN3+ and cancer detected, as the primary measure of harm, since colposcopies themselves are associated with physical discomfort, and are a necessary pre-requisite to more invasive treatments with greater short- and long-term risks of harms. Since the number of subjects undergoing colposcopy is usually reported in controlled studies, and more screening leads to more screen positives and therefore more colposcopy, it provides a surrogate for potential harm of screening analogous to the use of the detection of CIN3 as a surrogate for cervical cancer for potential benefits of screening.
Our basic tenets regarding risk and risk-based interventions were as follows:
We recognize that the women at different ages may have different tradeoffs in benefits and harms from screening. These differences are addressed through the development of age-specific screening recommendations.
Saslow D., Solomon D., Lawson H.W., Killackey M., Kulasingam S., Cain J., Garcia F.A., Moriarty A., Waxman A., Wilbur D., Wentzensen N., Downs L., Spitzer M., Moscicki A.B., Franco E.L., Stoler M.H., Schiffman M., Castle P.E, & Myers E.R. (2012). American Cancer Society, American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology, and American Society for Clinical Pathology Screening Guidelines for the Prevention and Early Detection of Cervical Cancer. CA: a cancer journal for clinicians, 62(3), 147-172.
Publication 2012
Anxiety Cancer Screening Tests Cervical Cancer Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia, Grade III Colposcopy Diagnosis Involuntary Treatment Malignant Neoplasms Papillomavirus Infections, Human Physical Examination Pregnancy Complications Premature Birth Psychological Distress Sexually Transmitted Diseases Transients Woman
5
Isolation and Sequencing of Mitochondrial gRNAs
Cited 15 times
Approximately 100 µg of mitochondrial or total RNA was treated with DNAse RQ1 (Promega) and then size-fractionated by denaturing 10% (w/v) polyacrylamide electrophoresis (8 M urea). A gRNA marker lane was generated by 5′ capping 10 µg of mtRNA using 32P αGTP and Vaccinia capping enzyme (BioLabs) according to manufacturer’s directions. RNAs in the gRNA size range (∼40–80 nt) were excised from the gel, passively eluted and ethanol precipitated. To preserve strand information, we used a modified Illumina ‘Small RNA’ sample preparation protocol. The gRNAs have a 5′ tri-phosphate and a 3′ hydroxyl group. This allows the direct ligation of the RNA 3′ adaptor. However, addition of the RNA 5′ adapter required phosphatase treatment followed by polynucleotide kinase (PNK) to add a single phosphate. Ligation of the 5′ adapter was followed by RT-PCR amplification and gel purification of the gRNA library. The gRNA library, as determined by an Agilent Bioanalyzer, had a narrow distribution, centered at ∼135 bp, consistent with the estimated size of the gRNAs (plus adapters). Each library (gRNAs isolated from mtRNA and gRNAs isolated from total RNA) was sequenced on a Illumina GAIIx (single read 75 base run). Approximately 30 million raw reads were obtained from each of the gRNA libraries. After removal of the Illumina adapter sequences, quality-based trimming was done with prinseq (stand alone lite version, http://prinseq.sourceforge.net/). Reads with two or more N's or an overall mean Q-score < 25 were discarded. The 3′ end was further trimmed of low quality bases (mean Q-score < 20 over a 5 base window); any reads < 20 nt after trimming were discarded. Only a small fraction of reads were discarded at this step. Input raw reads were further processed using the following criteria: (i) remove redundant reads. The number of redundant reads is kept for each unique sequence; (ii) remove reads without at least four consecutive Ts.
Koslowsky D., Sun Y., Hindenach J., Theisen T, & Lucas J. (2013). The insect-phase gRNA transcriptome in Trypanosoma brucei. Nucleic Acids Research, 42(3), 1873-1886.
Publication 2013
Deoxyribonucleases DNA Library Electrophoresis Enzymes Ethanol Hydroxyl Radical Involuntary Treatment Ligation Mitochondria Phosphates Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases polyacrylamide Polynucleotide 5'-Hydroxyl-Kinase Promega Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Mitochondrial triphosphate Urea Vaccinia virus

Most recents protocols related to «Involuntary Treatment»

1
Cerebral Infarction Rehabilitation Protocol
One hundred and forty patients with cerebral infarction treated in the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of Beijing Tiantan Hospital between January 2021 and August 2022 were enrolled as a study group. Another one hundred and forty healthy people were collected as a control group. There were no significant differences in age, gender, height, or weight (Table 1). This study was approved by the ethics committee of Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University (KY2021-040-02).
The inclusion criteria were: (1) age 40–70 years old, (2) primary basal ganglia area cerebral infarction diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography, (3) the onset of the disease was >1 month ago, (4) no sensory impairments, (5) no serious cognitive dysfunction (Mini-Mental State Examination score >26), (6) could walk 10 m or more independently, and (7) provided a signed informed consent form.
The exclusion criteria were: (1) cerebrovascular disease progression and unstable vital signs; (2) other neurological or mental diseases, such as stroke, brain trauma, or Parkinson’s disease; (3) severe heart, lung, liver, or kidney dysfunction; (4) sensory aphasia, cognitive impairment, or unable to cooperate with the evaluation and examination; (5) fractures and arthritis affecting the walking function of patients; or (6) proprioception disorders.
The suspension criteria were: (1) severe adverse reactions or inability to continue, (2) deterioration of the condition or serious complications, (3) failure to cooperate and to receive required treatment, or (4) patients and their families requesting withdrawal from the study.
Liu S., Yu H., Wang Z, & Dai P. (2023). Correlation analysis of balance function with plantar pressure distribution and gait parameters in patients with cerebral infarction in the basal ganglia region. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, 1099843.
Publication 2023
Arthritis Basal Ganglia Cerebral Infarction Cerebrovascular Accident Cerebrovascular Disorders Disease Progression Disorders, Cognitive Ethics Committees, Clinical Fracture, Bone Gender Heart Involuntary Treatment Kidney Failure Liver Lung Mini Mental State Examination Patients Proprioceptive Disorders Psychotic Disorders Receptive Aphasia Signs, Vital Traumatic Brain Injury X-Ray Computed Tomography
2
Obesity and Allergic Rhinitis in Taiwanese Children
From chart review, children aged 7–17 years with AR residing in Taichung, Taiwan, were recruited from a teaching hospital in the same city, from January 1, 2007, to December 31, 2011. AR was diagnosed by two pediatric allergy specialists. Based on the AR and its Impact on Asthma guidelines12 (link), patients with moderate to severe AR were included. All patients underwent regular follow-ups at the hospital for at least a year. Those with congenital anomaly, congenital heart disease, chronic lung or other chronic disease and uncontrolled asthma were excluded. Those required antibiotics treatment or ever visited emergency room or admission for respiratory disease within 7 days before or after the tests were excluded. The weight and height of the participants (without shoes and outer clothing) were measured and recorded in the chart, and the body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was calculated. Based on the growth charts for Taiwanese children and adolescents13 (link), these participants were classified into (1) obese AR children (BMI > 85th percentile) group and (2) non-obese AR children (BMI < 85th percentile) group.
Li R.L., Wu C.T., Chen S.M., Lue K.H., Lee S.S., Tsao C.Y, & Ku M.S. (2023). Allergic rhinitis children with obesity are more vulnerable to air pollution: a cross sectional study. Scientific Reports, 13, 3658.
Publication 2023
Antibiotics Asthma Child Congenital Abnormality Congenital Heart Defects Disease, Chronic Hypersensitivity Index, Body Mass Involuntary Treatment Lung Obesity Patients Respiration Disorders Specialists
3
Oral Health in Pregnant Women
Individuals who met the following criteria were enrolled.
The inclusion criteria were: (1) ≥ 18 years old; (2) pregnant, ≤ 28 gestational weeks; (3) 1–5 untreated carious teeth. (4) did not receive dental cleaning in the past 5 months. (5) < 4 mm periodontal pocket depth for all teeth.
The exclusion criteria were: (1) decisional impairment; (2) received oral and/or systemic antifungal therapy within 90 days of the baseline study visit; (3) required premedication before dental treatment; (4) > 8 missing teeth, except third molars and orthodontically extracted teeth; (5) removable dental prosthesis; (6) orofacial deformity (e.g., cleft lip/palate); (7) had severe systemic diseases (e.g., HIV).
Wu T.T., Sohn M., Manning S., Beblavy R., Gill S., Quataert S., Vasani S., Jang H., Zeng Y., Bruno J., Vazquez A., Fiscella K, & Xiao J. (2023). Metagenomic analysis examines oral microbiome changes and interplay with immune response following prenatal total oral rehabilitation. Journal of Translational Medicine, 21, 172.
Publication 2023
Antifungal Agents Cleft Palate, Isolated Congenital Abnormality Dental Caries Dental Health Services Dental Prosthesis Involuntary Treatment Lips, Cleft Palate Periodontal Pocket Pregnancy Premedication Therapeutics Third Molars Tooth Tooth Extraction Tooth Loss
4
Evaluating Access and Outcomes in Rheumatoid Arthritis
The access to treatment was evaluated as follows: TtS; interruption of supply; and access barriers. Access barriers were defined as any constraints caused by administrative issues with the health care insurance or supplier reported by the patient during the follow‐up visit. The TtS was measured only for the first prescription dosage delivery from the Health Maintenance Organization (HMO) or supplier to the patient, and it was expressed as the number of days required for the delivery of treatment from the time of prescription. It was dichotomized using as cut‐off based on the mean of days observed in the cohort. An interruption occurred if the patient lost 1 day or more during the treatment.
Functional status was evaluated using the Health Assessment Questionnaire—Disability Index (HAQ‐DI), which was adapted since eight of the questions were included in the Routine Assessment of Patients Index Data 3 (RAPID3). Quality of life was evaluated using the HAQ 3‐level (EQ‐5D‐3L); disease activity was evaluated using the RAPID3; and disease activity score was evaluated using the 28 (DAS28‐ESR) tender and swollen joint counts. All questionnaires were validated in the Spanish language.
Reyes J.M., Gutierrez‐Ardila M.V., Madariaga H., Otero W., Guzman R., Izquierdo J., Del Castillo D.J., Abello M., Velez P., Ponce de Leon D., Lukic T., Amador L.F, & Castaño N. (2023). Impact of access to treatment on patient‐reported outcomes among rheumatoid arthritis patients with tDMARDs and bDMARDS in two Latin‐American countries: A prospective observational study. Health Science Reports, 6(3), e1034.
Publication 2023
Disabled Persons Health Insurance Hispanic or Latino Involuntary Treatment Joints Obstetric Delivery Patients
5
Emergency Geriatric Care Model in Nursing Homes
The new service model was established on 1st November 2020 at the ED of the Odense University Hospital (OUH), Denmark, in collaboration with Odense Municipality and the EMDC. This new service is activated if a nursing home calls the EMDC for emergency assistance. Based on the perceived urgency of the task, the EMDC dispatches either the ED consultant alone or in conjunction with an ambulance or anaesthesiologist-manned mobile emergency care unit that is already operating in the area [17 (link), 18 (link)]. At the nursing home, the ED consultant provides on-site emergency evaluation and treatment using point-of-care blood testing and ultrasonographic examinations. This treatment includes intravenous fluids, antibiotics and relevant medications. Furthermore, the ED consultant assists in drawing up future treatment plans, including the issue of do-not-resuscitate orders. Following the initial treatment offered by the ED-based service, the residents can either remain in the nursing home or be transported to a hospital depending on what is most applicable to the residents’ goals of care. At the nursing homes, the ED consultants collaborate with municipal acute care nurses (who are specialised in delivering acute nursing services at home) [17–19 (link)], the nursing home staff, the residents and their relatives.
In the first month, the service operated 24/7 as an initial test run. Since then, the service was restricted to weekdays between 8 am and 4 pm (Figure 1). The municipal acute care nurses were referred to all tasks in the first month of implementation. However, after 6 months, they were only requested if specifically required, such as if the resident required intravenous (IV) treatment. The changes in the complex trans-sectorial model were based on organisational possibilities, including the access to resources and they were influenced by changes in regional guidelines. In the two last time periods, the care had to be initiated and finished during one visit by the ED consultants unless otherwise agreed with the municipal acute care nurses.
Udesen S.E., Rasmussen C.H., Mikkelsen S., Andersen N., Brabrand M, & Lassen A.T. (2023). Mobile emergency department care to nursing home residents: a novel outreach service. Age and Ageing, 52(3), afad025.
Publication 2023
Ambulances Anesthesiologist Antibiotics, Antitubercular Blood Emergencies Goals of Care Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Involuntary Treatment Nurses Nursing Services Nursing Staff Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination Service, Emergency Medical

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1
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Matrigel is a solubilized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma, a tumor rich in extracellular matrix proteins. It is widely used as a substrate for the in vitro cultivation of cells, particularly those that require a more physiologically relevant microenvironment for growth and differentiation.
2
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3
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4
Ki67 antibody by Abcam
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The Ki67 antibody is a laboratory tool used to detect the presence and distribution of the Ki67 protein, which is a cellular marker associated with cell proliferation. This antibody can be used in various immunohistochemical and flow cytometry applications to study cell cycle dynamics and the proliferative status of cells.
5
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7
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More about "Involuntary Treatment"

Involuntary Treatment, also known as Forced Treatment or Compulsory Treatment, is a complex and ethically challenging area that involves medical or psychiatric interventions performed on individuals without their consent.
This may include hospitalization, medication administration, or other therapies carried out against the person's will.
This sensitive topic often raises issues of civil liberties, patient autonomy, and the balance between individual rights and societal welfare.
Researchers and clinicians navigating this terrain must carefully ensure the protection of vulnerable populations while respecting personal freedoms.
Tools like PubCompare.ai can assist by providing access to relevant literature, pre-prints, and patents, enabling informed decision-making and the identification of optimal treatment protocols.
When investigating Involuntary Treatment, it's important to consider related concepts and techniques.
Matrigel, a commonly used basement membrane extract, can be utilized to create in vitro models for studying cell behavior and response to treatments.
Microplate readers and IX73 microscopes are instrumental in analyzing cellular responses, while Ki67 antibodies can help assess cell proliferation.
The FilterMax F5 spectrophotometer and DNA Cell Proliferation Kits can quantify DNA content and cell viability, and MitoTracker Red can be used to measure mitochondrial activity.
Flow cytometry, such as the FACSCalibur system, can also provide insights into cellular parameters.
By combining these research tools and methods with the comprehensive literature access enabled by PubCompare.ai, researchers can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their Involuntary Treatment studies, ultimately leading to improved patient outcomes and the development of more effective, ethical, and humane treatment protocols.