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Leukapheresis

Leukapheresis is a medical procedure that involves the separation and collection of white blood cells (leukocytes) from the bloodstream.
This process is often used in the treatment of various hematological and immunological disorders, as well as in the collection of cells for research and cellular therapies.
The process of leukapheresis typically involves the use of a specialized machine that withdraws blood from the patient, separates the desired white blood cells, and returns the remaining blood components back to the patient.
This technique allows for the targeted harvesting of specific types of white blood cells, such as lymphocytes or monocytes, which can be used for diagnostic, therapeutic, or research purposes.
Leukapheresis is an important tool in the field of hematology and immunology, enabling healthcare providers to personalize treatments and advance the understanding of cellular mechanisms in health and diseae.

Most cited protocols related to «Leukapheresis»

1
Healthy Volunteer Immunology Study

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Publication 2018
BLOOD Ethics Committees, Research Ethnicity Females Healthy Volunteers Hepatitis B Hepatitis C virus HIV Hypersensitivity Leukapheresis Males
2
CTL019 T-cell Therapy for Relapsed/Refractory CD19+ Cancers
We conducted pilot clinical trials at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania that were designed to assess the safety and feasibility of CTL019 T-cell therapy in patients with relapsed and refractory CD19+ cancers; the protocols were approved by the respective institutional review boards. All the authors discussed and interpreted the study results and vouch for the data and analyses. All the patients or their parents provided written informed consent. Enrolled patients received CTL019 infusions between April 2012 and February 2014. Additional details regarding the study design are provided in the Supplementary Appendix, available with the full text of this article at NEJM.org.
Leukapheresis products were stimulated with paramagnetic beads coated with antibodies to CD3 and CD28 and transduced with the CD19-BB-zeta transgene as described previously.4 ,9 (link) After leukapheresis, patients received interim therapy at the discretion of their treating physician. Chemotherapy aimed at depletion of T lymphocytes (Table S1 in the Supplementary Appendix) was administered 1 week before infusion of CTL019 (Table S2 in the Supplementary Appendix), except in three patients who had persistent cytopenias.
Maude S.L., Frey N., Shaw P.A., Aplenc R., Barrett D.M., Bunin N.J., Chew A., Gonzalez V.E., Zheng Z., Lacey S.F., Mahnke Y.D., Melenhorst J.J., Rheingold S.R., Shen A., Teachey D.T., Levine B.L., June C.H., Porter D.L, & Grupp S.A. (2014). Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Sustained Remissions in Leukemia. The New England journal of medicine, 371(16), 1507-1517.
Publication 2014
Antibodies Child CTL019 Ethics Committees, Research Leukapheresis Malignant Neoplasms Parent Patients Pharmacotherapy Physicians Safety T-Lymphocyte Therapeutics Transgenes
3
Measuring Ex Vivo and In Vivo CD4+ T Cell Responses to Vorinostat
Leukapheresis and isolation of resting CD4+ T cells have been described elsewhere [4 (link)]. To measure the ex vivo response of resting CD4+ T cells to VOR, cells were incubated in media containing 335 nM VOR (Merck Research Laboratories) or 3 µg/ml PHA (Remel, Lenexa, KS) and 60 U/ml IL-2 or media alone for 6 hrs. Cells were washed and plated at 1 million/ well in a 96-well plate and pelleted. Cell pellets were snap frozen and stored at −80°C. To measure the in vivo response to VOR, immediately following leukapheresis, resting CD4+ T-cells were isolated and plated at 1 million cells/ well, pelleted, snap frozen, and stored at −80°C.
Total RNA was isolated from 12 to 48 pools of 1 million resting cells using the Magmax 96 Total RNA isolation kit (Ambion, Austin, TX) following the manufacturer’s protocol. Duplicate pools of cDNA were synthesized from DNase-treated, isolated RNA using the SuperScript® III First-Strand Synthesis SuperMix kit (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) according to the manufacturer’s procedures. Two additional duplicates wells from each treatment condition did not include reverse transcriptase and served as control for DNA contamination. Duplicate PCR amplification of duplicate cDNA was performed using the ABI7500 Fast Real-Time PCR machine and previously published primers and probe [20 ]. A standard curve was generated for each PCR reaction using cDNA synthesized from in-vitro transcribed RNA where the p5’ plasmid served as template [22 (link)]. Results of the four PCR replicates representing each of the original 12 to 48 pools of RNA were averaged and the standard deviation determined for each condition. Inputs for samples in which basal and VOR-induced HIV RNA expression were measured (Fig. 3) were compared by the quantitation of TATA Binding Protein RNA [23 (link)] and the quantitation of total HIV DNA, and showed no trend towards higher values in the post-VOR samples.
We determined that our HIV RNA PCR assay could detect the difference between 1 copy and ≥10 copies using dilutions of an HIV RNA internal standard [24 ]. Detectable PCR signal less than 10 copies (1–9 copies) was treated in all analyses as 5 copies. No PCR signal or < 1 copy was treated in all analyses as 0 copies. As the entire pool of cDNA was not amplified, and individual PCR amplifications are therefore subject to stochastic sampling effects, we have termed the result “relative HIV-1 gag RNA copies.” The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to calculate the statistical significance of all comparisons between conditions.
Archin N., Liberty A., Kashuba A., Choudhary S., Kuruc J., Crooks A., Parker D., Anderson E., Kearney M., Strain M., Richman D., Hudgens M., Bosch R., Coffin J., Eron J., Hazuda D, & Margolis D. (2012). Administration of vorinostat disrupts HIV-1 latency in patients on antiretroviral therapy. Nature, 487(7408), 482-485.
Publication 2012
Anabolism austin Biological Assay CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes Cells Deoxyribonucleases DNA, Complementary DNA Contamination Freezing HIV-1 Leukapheresis Oligonucleotide Primers Pellets, Drug Plasmids Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA-Binding Proteins RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Technique, Dilution Transcription, Genetic
4
FACS Sorting of T Cell Subsets
The PBMCs were isolated from fresh blood or leukapheresis by Ficoll-Paque centrifugation (18 (link), 19 (link)). The CD4+ T cells were sorted from PBMCs by negative selection using magnetic beads (MACS; Miltenyi Biotec), with a purity >95%, as determined by triple staining with CD3, CD4, and CD8 Abs and FACS analysis. Then, CCR4+CCR6+, CCR4+CCR6−, CXCR3+ CCR6+, and CXCR3+CCR6− T cell subsets were sorted by FACS (BD FACSAria; BD Biosciences) upon staining with two different mixtures: 1) CD4-FITC, CD45RA-allophycocyanin/Cy7, CCR4-PE/Cy7, CXCR3-PE/ Cy5, and CCR6-PE for HIV-infected subjects where the sorting gate was set on CD4+CD45RA− T cells and 2) CD8-FITC, CD14-FITC, CD56-FITC, CD19-FITC, CD45RA-allophycocyanin/Cy7, CCR4-PE/Cy7, CXCR3-PE/ Cy5, and CCR6-PE for uninfected controls, where the sorting gate was set on FITC−CD45RA− T cells to exclude CD8+ T cells, monocytes, NK cells, and B cells, respectively. Sorted T cell subsets were on average >95% pure as determined by postsorting FACS analysis (Supplemental Fig. 1).
Gosselin A., Monteiro P., Chomont N., Diaz-Griffero F., Said E.A., Fonseca S., Wacleche V., El-Far M., Boulassel M.R., Routy J.P., Sekaly R.P, & Ancuta P. (2009). Peripheral Blood CCR4+CCR6+ and CXCR3+CCR6+ CD4+ T Cells Are Highly Permissive to HIV-1 Infection. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 184(3), 1604-1616.
Publication 2009
allophycocyanin B-Lymphocytes BLOOD CCR6 protein, human CD4 Positive T Lymphocytes CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes Centrifugation CXCR3 protein, human Ficoll Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate Leukapheresis Monocytes Natural Killer Cells T-Lymphocyte T-Lymphocyte Subsets
5
Detailed Protocols for Investigating Human Endothelial Cell Responses
Detailed experimental protocols are reported in the Expanded Materials and Methods section in the online supplement. All experiments using human materials were approved by the relevant Institutional Review Boards and those involving animals by the Yale Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. In vitro studies of human EC responses were conducted using multiple different isolates of serially passaged HUVEC pretreated with IFN-γ to restore in situ levels of class I and class II HLA molecule expression. De-identified high titer PRA sera were obtained from the Yale-New Haven Hospital HLA typing lab. HUVEC responses to PRA sera, control sera, components of these sera, isolated complement components or other agents were assessed by flow cytometry, immunofluorescence microscopy, Western blotting, reporter genes, expression microarrays, or real time quantitative Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR). CD4+ memory T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells collected by leukapheresis and interactions with EC were analyzed for adhesion under flow or for activation in response to direct recognition of non-self HLA molecules by flow cytometry or ELISA. De-identified human renal allograft biopsies were analyzed by immunofluorescence microscopy. Responses of human artery xenografts in immunodeficient mice were analyzed by histology, morphometric analyses, immunofluorescence microscopy, and qRT-PCR. Student’s t-test, ANOVA, and Mann-Whiteney analyses were performed using Origin computer software (Northampton, MA). Two-sided p-values are presented in the text with p-values <0.05 considered significant.
Jane-wit D., Manes T.D., Yi T., Qin L., Clark P., Kirkiles-Smith N.C., Abrahimi P., Devalliere J., Moeckel G., Kulkarni S., Tellides G, & Pober J.S. (2013). Alloantibody and Complement Promote T Cell-Mediated Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy through Non-Canonical NF-κB Signaling in Endothelial Cells. Circulation, 128(23), 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.002972.
Publication 2013
Allografts Animals Arteries Biopsy Dietary Supplements Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Ethics Committees, Research Flow Cytometry Genes, Reporter Homo sapiens Immunofluorescence Microscopy Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Interferon Type II Kidney Leukapheresis Memory T Cells Microarray Analysis Mus neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Serum Student Transcription, Genetic Xenografting

Most recents protocols related to «Leukapheresis»

1
Biosimilar Filgrastim for Stem Cell Mobilization
This was a single-center retrospective study conducted in Princess Nora Oncology Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study was approved by the IRB office of King Abdullah International Medical Research Center on April 16, 2019, with a study number RJ19/048/J received through a memo reference number IRBC/0544/19. All transplant-eligible patients at Princess Nourah Oncology Centre who attempted for PBSC collection from June 1, 2016 through December 31, 2018 were enrolled in the study. All patients older than 14 years who received either the biosimilar filgrastim (Zarzio®) or filgrastim (Neupogen®) were included in the study (n=97). In addition, all healthy donors older than 9 years who received either the biosimilar or originator filgrastim were included in the trial (n=17). Demographics, types of transplants (allogeneic or autologous), anthropometrics, concurrent chemotherapy, duration of G-CSF administration and rescue medication (plerixafor), and laboratory parameters (eg, CD34+ enumeration count and number of leukapheresis sessions) were collected for each patient enrolled in the study. We enrolled all patients or donors who received filgrastim either the Neupogen® or Zarzio® 10 mcg/kg/day as a monotherapy or 5 mcg/kg/day subcutaneous injection if used in combination with chemotherapy to enhance peripheral blood mobilization. In our institution filgrastim is administered for at least 4 days before the first leukapheresis and then continued until the last leukapheresis when filgrastim is used as monotherapy for mobilization of stem cells. The choice of combined mobilization regimen with chemotherapy depends on the type of cancer. For example, cyclophosphamide is used for multiple myeloma patients on day 1, then filgrastim is given from day 5 until collection. ESHAP or R-ESHAP is used for lymphoma from days 1–5, then filgrastim is given from day 6 until collection. The choice of which brand to be used in a mobilization regimen depends on the dose of the filgrastim. We use biosimilar G-CSF Zarzio® as a mobilization regimen if the dose is in the multiple of 300 mcg because the Zarzio® prefilled syringe is not calibrated. However, if the dose of G-CSF required for mobilization is below or above 300 mcg, then we use Neupogen® because the vial is calibrated. The goal of the collection for all patients and healthy donors was to obtain the minimum quantity of CD34+ that should be ≥2×106 cells/Kg body weight. We monitored peripheral blood CD34+ enumeration cell count and we used pre-emptive plerixafor if the peripheral CD34+ count was <10/μl at maximum stimulation after chemo-mobilization and <8/μl on day 4 of filgrastim mobilization. Between 10 and 15/μl suggests a “dynamic approach” with case-by-case decision-making. Calcium gluconate was given as infusion prophylactically to decrease the risk of citrate effects.
Islami M.M., Khan M.A., Aseeri M.A., Alshamrani M.A., Alnatsheh A., Alamoudi S, & Alzahrani A.A. (2023). Comparison of Biosimilar Filgrastim with Innovator Fligrastim for Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Mobilization, Collection of CD34+ Stem Cells, and Engraftment in Patients Undergoing Autologous and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience. Annals of Transplantation, 28, e938585-1-e938585-6.
Publication 2023
Biosimilars BLOOD Blood Cell Count Body Weight Cells Citrates Cyclophosphamide Donors ESHAP protocol Filgrastim Gluconate, Calcium Grafts Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization Leukapheresis Lymphoma Malignant Neoplasms Multiple Myeloma Neoplasms Neupogen Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmacotherapy plerixafor Subcutaneous Injections Syringes Treatment Protocols
2
Filgrastim Biosimilar for PBSC Harvest
The primary outcome was to achieve successful harvest, defined as collection a minimum of 2×106/kg CD34+ cells. Secondary outcomes were time in days to achieve neutrophil and platelet engraftment. Neutrophil engraftment was considered complete when the absolute neutrophil count (ANC) was equal to or greater than 0.5×109/L for 3 consecutive days after infusion of PBSCs, whereas platelet engraftment was considered complete when the platelet count was 20×109/L or more for 7 consecutive days without platelet transfusion. We compared the safety of filgrastim (Zarzio®) versus Neupogen® in terms of allergic reaction and pain, number of leukapheresis sessions, and we compared the rescue use of plerixafor in both groups and the impact of biosimilar filgrastim (Zarzio®) in terms of cost savings.
Islami M.M., Khan M.A., Aseeri M.A., Alshamrani M.A., Alnatsheh A., Alamoudi S, & Alzahrani A.A. (2023). Comparison of Biosimilar Filgrastim with Innovator Fligrastim for Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Mobilization, Collection of CD34+ Stem Cells, and Engraftment in Patients Undergoing Autologous and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience. Annals of Transplantation, 28, e938585-1-e938585-6.
Publication 2023
Allergic Reaction Biosimilars Blood Platelets Cells Filgrastim Leukapheresis Neupogen Neutrophil Pain Platelet Counts, Blood Platelet Transfusion plerixafor Safety
3
CD34+ Cell Isolation from CML Patients
Blood samples were collected from CML patients at chronic phase in Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, Nanjing, China. Leukopheresis samples were underway for CD34+ cells separation with CliniMACS (Miltenyi Biotech, Germany). CD34+ cells were selected by using anti-CD34 magnetic beads in a magnetic activated cell sorter system (Miltenyi Biotec). All subjects signed an informed consent form. The procedure of cell collection from patients conformed to guidelines in the Declaration of Helsinki, and was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Zhongda Hospital Southeast University.
Xu X., Ji S., Chen Y., Xia S., Li Y., Chen L., Li Y., Zhang F., Zhang Z, & Zheng S. (2023). Induction of DNMT1-dependent demethylation of SHP-1 by the natural flavonoid compound Baicalein overcame Imatinib-resistance in CML CD34+ cells. Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS, 21, 47.
Publication 2023
BLOOD Cell Separation Ethics Committees, Research Leukapheresis Patients
4
Comprehensive AML Samples Collection
A Total of 77 bone marrow samples from AML patients and 72 control samples from healthy volunteers were collected from October 2019 to December 2021. A total of 5 AML patients presenting with high leukocyte counts consented to undergo leukapheresis to collect primary cells. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 2 healthy donors were extracted to detect the toxicity of drugs. The mononuclear cells were separated using a lymphocytes separation medium (MP biomedicals, Cat. No.S5019, USA) and erythrocytes were lysed with red blood cell lysis buffer (Biosharp, Cat. No. BL503A, China). Total RNA was isolated from samples using Trizol as described previously [12 (link)], and the complementary DNA was prepared for the detection of the target genes by Real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). The primary cells were cultured in Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640 medium (RPMI 1640, Gibco, USA) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco, USA) and subsequently used in various experiments. The characterization of the patients is shown in Additional file 1: Table S1. The cases of AML at Zhongda Hospital Southeast University were used in this study after the acquisition of written informed consent, and by the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Independent Ethics Committee for Clinical Research of Zhongda Hospital Southeast University.
Gu S., Hou Y., Dovat K., Dovat S., Song C, & Ge Z. (2023). Synergistic effect of HDAC inhibitor Chidamide with Cladribine on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by targeting HDAC2/c-Myc/RCC1 axis in acute myeloid leukemia. Experimental Hematology & Oncology, 12, 23.
Publication 2023
Bone Marrow Buffers Cells Culture Media DNA, Complementary Donors Erythrocytes Ethics Committees Genes Healthy Volunteers Leukapheresis Leukocyte Count Lymphocyte Patients PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Toxicity, Drug trizol
5
Alloreactive NK Cells for Adult Leukemia
The NK-AML multicenter clinical trial (NCT03955848) is based on the infusion of alloreactive NK cells as a consolidation strategy for adult leukemia patients. AML patients with high or intermediate risk de-novo or secondary disease, with age greater than 18 years, not eligible for HSCT due to medical contraindications or lack of donor, are eligible. AML of M3 FAB subtype are excluded from the study. The patients’ eligibility criteria require the presence of a haploidentical donor with alloreactive NK cells, and adequate renal, pulmonary and hepatic function. NK cell separation was performed using the CliniMACS system (Miltenyi Biotec) on total peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained by leukapheresis from the selected donors (31 (link), 32 (link)). After immunosuppressive chemotherapy, including fludarabine and cyclophosphamide as previously described (31 (link)), patients were infused intravenously with a single dose of cryopreserved NK cells (day 0) followed by subcutaneous administration of IL-2 (10 x 106 IU/day, 3 times weekly; Novartis) for 2 weeks (6 doses total).
The MRD-NK clinical trial is based on the infusion of haploidentical KIR-L mismatched NK cells in adult AML patients, who are eligible for HSCT and achieved MRD-positive CR after conventional chemotherapy. Patients with active infections and/or abnormal renal, cardiac, pulmonary, and hepatic function and/or poor performance status are excluded. Immunosuppressive chemotherapy and IL-2 administration in this trial were superimposable to NK-AML.
Meazza R., Ruggeri L., Guolo F., Minetto P., Canevali P., Loiacono F., Ciardelli S., Bo A., Luchetti S., Serio A., Zannoni L., Retière C., Colomar-Carando N., Parisi S., Curti A., Lemoli R.M, & Pende D. (2023). Donor selection for adoptive immunotherapy with NK cells in AML patients: Comparison between analysis of lytic NK cell clones and phenotypical identification of alloreactive NK cell repertoire. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1111419.
Publication 2023
Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia Adult Cell Separation Cyclophosphamide Donors Eligibility Determination fludarabine Heart Immunosuppressive Agents Infection Kidney Leukapheresis Leukemia Lung Natural Killer Cells Patients PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Pharmacotherapy Tissue Donors

Top products related to «Leukapheresis»

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Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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Rpmi 1640 by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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RPMI 1640 is a common cell culture medium used for the in vitro cultivation of a variety of cells, including human and animal cells. It provides a balanced salt solution and a source of essential nutrients and growth factors to support cell growth and proliferation.
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Clinimacs by Miltenyi Biotec
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The CliniMACS system is a laboratory equipment designed for the magnetic separation and enrichment of specific cell populations from biological samples. It utilizes antibody-coated magnetic beads to isolate target cells, enabling their further analysis or potential therapeutic applications. The system provides a controlled and automated environment for cell separation, ensuring consistent and reliable results.
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Penicillin/streptomycin is a commonly used antibiotic solution for cell culture applications. It contains a combination of penicillin and streptomycin, which are broad-spectrum antibiotics that inhibit the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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Penicillin is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Penicillin functions by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.
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Streptomycin by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor, targeting the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. Streptomycin is commonly used in microbiological research and applications that require selective inhibition of bacterial growth.
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Ficoll-Hypaque is a density gradient medium used for the separation and isolation of cells and cellular components. It is composed of a mixture of Ficoll, a hydrophilic polysaccharide, and sodium diatrizoate, a high-density compound. This mixture creates a density gradient that allows the separation of different cell types and subcellular fractions based on their density during centrifugation.
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IL-2 is a cytokine that plays a crucial role in the regulation of the immune system. It is a protein produced by T-cells and natural killer cells, and it is essential for the activation, proliferation, and differentiation of these cells. IL-2 is an important component in various immunological processes, including the promotion of T-cell growth and the enhancement of the cytolytic activity of natural killer cells.

More about "Leukapheresis"

Leukapheresis is a specialized medical procedure that involves the separation and collection of white blood cells (also known as leukocytes) from a patient's bloodstream.
This process is frequently utilized in the treatment of various hematological and immunological disorders, as well as in the collection of cells for research and cellular therapies.
The leukapheresis process typically involves the use of a specialized machine that withdraws blood from the patient, separates the desired white blood cells, and returns the remaining blood components back to the patient.
This technique allows for the targeted harvesting of specific types of white blood cells, such as lymphocytes or monocytes, which can be used for diagnostic, therapeutic, or research purposes.
Leukapheresis is an important tool in the field of hematology and immunology, enabling healthcare providers to personalize treatments and advance the understanding of cellular mechanisms in health and disease.
Related terms and techniques include DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), FBS (fetal bovine serum), RPMI 1640 (a cell culture medium), CliniMACS (a cell separation system), Penicillin, Streptomycin (antibiotics), Ficoll-Hypaque and Ficoll-Paque PLUS (density gradient media), and IL-2 (interleukin-2, a cytokine).
PubCompare.ai is a powerful AI-driven platform that can help optimize leukapheresis protocols by locating the most effective protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
This enables enhanced reproducibility and accuracy, and allows users to identify the best protocols and products for their needs.
Experience the future of leukapheresis optimization today with PubCompare.ai.