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Premedication

Premedication refers to the administration of medication before a medical procedure or treatment, often to reduce anxiety, pain, or other potential adverse effects.
This process can be crucial in various healthcare settings, such as surgery, dental procedures, or diagnostic tests.
Premedication may involve a range of drugs, including sedatives, analgesics, antiemetics, or other medications tailored to the patient's needs and the specifics of the upcoming procedure.
Optimizing premedication is an important aspect of patient care, as it can improve the overall experience, reduce the risk of complications, and enhance the effectiveness of the primary treatment.
Researchers and clinicians can leverge innovative tools like PubCompare.ai to easily locate relevant protocols, compare options, and identify the best premedication strategies for their patients' unique requirements.

Most cited protocols related to «Premedication»

1
GI Cancer Surveillance in Eastern Golestan
Cited 10 times
The majority of cancer patients in eastern Golestan present first to the local general practitioners or to the medical and surgical specialists in the area, and only a small group of patients are first diagnosed in major cities outside the area. Before the study began, the investigators contacted all of the local medical practitioners and asked them to refer their patients with suspected GI tract cancers to the Atrak Clinic. From August 2001 to August 2003, 682 patients were referred to the Atrak Clinic. Based on the results of a recent cancer surveillance study and an ongoing cancer registration in Golestan Province, we have shown that approximately 70% of the incident cases of oesophageal cancer recorded in the eastern part of Golestan Province during the study period were referred to the Clinic (unpublished data), so the results of this report may be generalised to represent the experience of eastern Golestan Province.
All the 682 patients referred to the Atrak Clinic were suspected of having upper GI cancers. After signing an informed consent, the patients were interviewed by a physician using a structured questionnaire and underwent physical examination followed by oesophago-gastro-duodenal videoendoscopy. Intravenous Midazolam (5 mg) and 10% lidocaine spray to the pharynx were used as premedication. Local medical specialists, who had been given specific training, performed the endoscopies using Olympus GIF-XQ230 and Pentax EG-2900 video endoscopes. At least four biopsies were obtained from all of the tumours that were found during endoscopy and standard biopsies were taken from the antrum, the gastric body (lesser curvature), the cardia and the oesophagus in all patients. Two more biopsies were taken from columnar-lined distal oesophagus, if such tissue existed. The endoscopic data were entered on predesigned forms, and the location of the tumours was either captured and registered electronically (90% of the tumours), or precisely drawn on a specially designed form. An experienced endoscopist (R Malekzadeh) reviewed both the endoscopic reports and the captured images to confirm the exact site of the tumours. Biopsy specimens were oriented and spread on strips of filter paper and fixed immediately in 10% buffered formalin. The samples were sent to the DDRC, in Tehran, where they were embedded, sectioned and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and examined by experienced DDRC pathologists (M Sotoudeh and B Abedi).
The cancers were classified into four groups: oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), oesophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), gastric cardia adenocarcinoma (GCA) and gastric noncardia adenocarcinoma (GNCA). Adenocarcinomas of the stomach were classified as intestinal or diffuse type using Lauren's classification criteria (Lauren, 1965 ). Gastric cardia tumours were defined as adenocarcinoma with an estimated point of origin within 1 cm proximal or 3 cm distal of the oesophago-gastric junction.
The study was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the DDRC and the US National Cancer Institute.
Islami F., Kamangar F., Aghcheli K., Fahimi S., Semnani S., Taghavi N., Marjani H.A., Merat S., Nasseri-Moghaddam S., Pourshams A., Nouraie M., Khatibian M., Abedi B., Brazandeh M.H., Ghaziani R., Sotoudeh M., Dawsey S.M., Abnet C.C., Taylor P.R, & Malekzadeh R. (2004). Epidemiologic features of upper gastrointestinal tract cancers in Northeastern Iran. British Journal of Cancer, 90(7), 1402-1406.
Publication 2004
Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma Of Esophagus Antral Barrett Esophagus Biopsy Cardia Duodenum Endoscopes Endoscopy Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal Eosin Esophageal Cancer Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Esophagus Ethics Committees, Research Formalin Gastrointestinal Cancer General Practitioners Human Body Intestines Lidocaine Malignant Neoplasms Midazolam Neoplasms Neoplasms by Site Operative Surgical Procedures Pathologists Patients Pharynx Physical Examination Physicians Premedication Specialists Stomach Stomach Neoplasms Strains Tissues
2
Combination Therapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer
Cited 5 times
Patients were randomly assigned to ADT alone or to combination therapy with ADT plus docetaxel at a dose of 75 mg per square meter of body-surface area given every 3 weeks for six cycles, with premedication with 8 mg of oral dexamethasone at 12 hours, 3 hours, and 1 hour before docetaxel infusion. Daily prednisone was not required. Patients were stratified according to age (<70 years vs. ≥70 years), ECOG performance-status score (0 or 1 vs. 2), and planned use of combined androgen blockade for more than 30 days (yes vs. no) or agents approved for prevention of skeletal-related events in castration-resistant disease (zoledronic acid or denosumab) (yes vs. no). Patients were also stratified according to the duration of prior adjuvant ADT (<12 months vs. ≥12 months) and the extent of metastases (high volume [defined as the presence of visceral metastases or ≥4 bone lesions with ≥1 beyond the vertebral bodies and pelvis] vs. low volume). Patients were required to take at least 500 mg of oral calcium carbonate and at least 400 IU of vitamin D per day.
Sweeney C.J., Chen Y.H., Carducci M., Liu G., Jarrard D.F., Eisenberger M., Wong Y.N., Hahn N., Kohli M., Cooney M.M., Dreicer R., Vogelzang N.J., Picus J., Shevrin D., Hussain M., Garcia J.A, & DiPaola R.S. (2015). Chemohormonal Therapy in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. The New England journal of medicine, 373(8), 737-746.
Publication 2015
Androgens Body Surface Area Bones Carbonate, Calcium Combined Modality Therapy Denosumab Dexamethasone Docetaxel Electrocorticography Neoplasm Metastasis Orchiectomy Patients Pelvis Pharmaceutical Adjuvants Prednisone Premedication Skeleton Vertebral Body Vitamin D Zoledronic Acid
3
Metastatic Prostate Cancer Protocol
Cited 4 times
Standard of care was hormone therapy for at least 2 years with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists or antagonists or, only between 2006 and 2011 for patients with non-metastatic disease, oral anti-androgens alone. Orchidectomy was an allowable alternative to drug therapy. No recommendations around the use of granulocyte colony stimulating factor with docetaxel were given. Radiotherapy, at 6–9 months after randomisation, was encouraged for patients with N0M0 disease, until November, 2011, then mandated; radiotherapy was optional for patients with N+M0 disease; staging was with the Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) TNM staging criteria. Guidance on radiotherapy techniques are described elsewhere.13 Zoledronic acid (4 mg) was given for six 3-weekly cycles, then 4-weekly until 2 years. Docetaxel (75 mg/m2) was given for six 3-weekly cycles with prednisolone (10 mg) daily, and standard premedication before each injection. Dose modifications were described in the protocol. Trial therapy was discontinued after disease progression or intolerable adverse events.
Patients were followed up 6-weekly to 6 months, 12-weekly to 2 years, 6-monthly to 5 years, then annually. Prostate-specific antigen was measured at every follow-up; further tests were at the clinician's discretion. Nadir prostate-specific antigen was the lowest value reported within 24 weeks after enrolment. Adverse events were graded with Common Toxicity Criteria (CTCAE) version 3.0; toxic effects and symptoms were reported at regular follow-up visits. Serious adverse events, including serious adverse reactions, were reported accordingly. The trial was done in accordance with Good Clinical Practice guidelines and the Declaration of Helsinki, and had the relevant regulatory and ethics approvals (eg, in the UK we obtained national ethics approval, national regulatory approval, and local implementation). All patients gave written, informed consent.
James N.D., Sydes M.R., Clarke N.W., Mason M.D., Dearnaley D.P., Spears M.R., Ritchie A.W., Parker C.C., Russell J.M., Attard G., de Bono J., Cross W., Jones R.J., Thalmann G., Amos C., Matheson D., Millman R., Alzouebi M., Beesley S., Birtle A.J., Brock S., Cathomas R., Chakraborti P., Chowdhury S., Cook A., Elliott T., Gale J., Gibbs S., Graham J.D., Hetherington J., Hughes R., Laing R., McKinna F., McLaren D.B., O'Sullivan J.M., Parikh O., Peedell C., Protheroe A., Robinson A.J., Srihari N., Srinivasan R., Staffurth J., Sundar S., Tolan S., Tsang D., Wagstaff J, & Parmar M.K. (2016). Addition of docetaxel, zoledronic acid, or both to first-line long-term hormone therapy in prostate cancer (STAMPEDE): survival results from an adaptive, multiarm, multistage, platform randomised controlled trial. Lancet (London, England), 387(10024), 1163-1177.
Publication 2016
agonists Alternative Therapies Androgen Antagonists antagonists Disease Progression Docetaxel Gonadorelin Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor Hormones Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasm Metastasis Orchiectomy Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Prednisolone Premedication Prostate-Specific Antigen Radiotherapy Staging, Cancer Therapeutics Zoledronic Acid
4
Vitamin C Supplementation in Cardiac Surgery
Cited 4 times
The study population was randomized one day before surgery to two groups (By using www.randomaizer.org): the intervention (vitamin C supplementation) group and the placebo group. The method of randomization was balanced block with an allocation sequence based on a block size of eight, generated with a computer random-number generator. Both the patients and the hospital staff were blind to the treatment allocation. The patients in the intervention group received 2 g of vitamin C (ascorbic acid; Darou Pakhsh Co., Tehran, Iran) intravenously, immediately before surgery in the operating theatre, followed by 1 g daily oral doses of the tablets for the first four postoperative days. The patients in the placebo group received an equal number of identical tablets. The placebo tablets and ampoules were prepared in the same shape and size as the original ones manufactured by the same pharmaceutical company. Both groups had the same surgical premedication and anesthesia protocol as well as surgical access (median sternotomy).
Before surgery, basic information such as age, sex and risk factors was collected, and medications were given to all the patients according to their clinical indications. All the patients were monitored in the open heart ICU before their transfer to a ward. Data such as bypass time and cross-clamp time were collected intraoperatively. Additionally, information was gathered in the ICU on the total length of ICU stay, intubation time, drainage volume and presence of some complications (mortality and morbidity) defined as death, any infection, any impairment in the renal function and need for reoperation. Finally, the total duration of hospital stay was recorded for every individual.
Sadeghpour A., Alizadehasl A., Kyavar M., Sadeghi T., Moludi J., Gholizadeh F., Totonchi Z, & Ghadrdoost B. (2015). Impact of Vitamin C Supplementation on Post-Cardiac Surgery ICU and Hospital Length of Stay. Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 5(1), e25337.
Publication 2015
Anesthesia Ascorbic Acid Drainage Heart Infection Intubation Median Sternotomy Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Personnel, Hospital Pharmaceutical Preparations Placebos Premedication Renal Insufficiency Riboflavin Second Look Surgery Surgery, Day Visually Impaired Persons
5
Abatacept for Type 1 Diabetes in Adults
Cited 4 times
In our earlier report (2 (link)), we described the study design and patient characteristics. Figure 1 depicts the CONSORT diagram, showing randomization/enrollment and retention of subjects during the study through 36 months of follow-up. The baseline characteristics of the two groups are summarized in Supplementary Table 1. A total of 112 patients were enrolled in a double-masked parallel-group design and were randomized in a 2:1 ratio, with 77 subjects receiving abatacept and 35 subjects receiving placebo. Abatacept (CTLA4-Ig, Orencia; Bristol-Myers Squibb) was given as a 30-min intravenous infusion at a dose of 10 mg/kg (maximum 1,000 mg/dose) in 100 mL 0.9% sodium chloride on days 1, 14, and 28 and then every 28 days, with the last dose on day 700 (total 27 doses). Normal saline infusion was used as placebo. Patients did not receive any premedication. β-Cell function was evaluated by stimulated C-peptide secretion. The prespecified primary outcome of this trial was a comparison of the area under the curve (AUC) of stimulated C-peptide response over the first 2 h of a 4-h mixed-meal tolerance test (MMTT) conducted at the 24-month visit. Four-hour MMTTs were performed at baseline and at 24 months; 2-h MMTTs were performed at 3, 6, 12, and 18 months. After completion of the 2-year treatment phase, subjects entered a follow-up phase to continue to assess safety and efficacy, including the performance of 2-h MMTTs at 30 and 36 months.
The study protocol is available at the Type 1 Diabetes TrialNet public Web site: www.diabetestrialnet.org.
Orban T., Bundy B., Becker D.J., DiMeglio L.A., Gitelman S.E., Goland R., Gottlieb P.A., Greenbaum C.J., Marks J.B., Monzavi R., Moran A., Peakman M., Raskin P., Russell W.E., Schatz D., Wherrett D.K., Wilson D.M., Krischer J.P, & Skyler J.S. (2014). Costimulation Modulation With Abatacept in Patients With Recent-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: Follow-up 1 Year After Cessation of Treatment. Diabetes Care, 37(4), 1069-1075.
Publication 2014
Abatacept Aftercare C-Peptide CTLA-4-Ig Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Dependent Immune Tolerance Intravenous Infusion Normal Saline Orencia Pancreatic beta Cells Patients Physiology, Cell Placebos Premedication Retention (Psychology) Safety Saline Solution secretion

Most recents protocols related to «Premedication»

1
Equine Intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Protocol
General anesthesia was induced with 0.1 mg/kg BW diazepam (Ziapam 5 mg/kg, Ecuphar GmbH, Greifswald, Germany) and 2.2 mg/kg BW ketamine (Narketan, Vétoquinol GmbH, Ismaning, Germany) after premedication with 0.7 mg/kg BW xylazine (Xylavet 20 mg/ml, CP-Pharma GmbH, Burgdorf, Germany). Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane (Isofluran CP, CP-Pharma GmbH) in 100% oxygen, and continuous rate infusions with lactated Ringer's solution (Ringer-Laktat EcobagClick, B. Braun Melsungen AG, Melsungen, Germany) and dobutamine (Dobutamin-ratiopharm 250 mg, Ratiopharm GmbH, Ulm, Germany) were given to effect, to maintain the mean arterial blood pressure between 60 and 80 mmHg. A routine pre-umbilical median laparotomy was performed in dorsal recumbency following aseptic preparation. Segmental small intestinal ischemia was induced in 1.5 m jejunum by occlusion of the mesenteric vessels with umbilical tape. The ligature was tightened under monitoring of intestinal microperfusion with microlightguide spectophotometry and laser Doppler flowmetry (O2C, LEA Medizintechnik GmbH, Giessen, Germany), and the ligature was tied when the blood flow was reduced by 90% of the pre-ischemic measurement. The ischemia was maintained for 90 min. In group C, the ligature was released without manipulation of the vessels and reperfusion was initiated without delay. In group IPoC, postconditioning was implemented after release of ischemia by clamping the mesenteric vessels for three cycles of 30 s, alternated with 30 s of reperfusion. This was followed by 120 min of reperfusion in both groups. Subsequently, the horses were euthanized with 90 mg/kg BW pentobarbital intravenously (Release 50 mg/mL, WDT eG, Garbsen, Germany) without regaining consciousness.
Verhaar N., de Buhr N., von Köckritz-Blickwede M., Dümmer K., Hewicker-Trautwein M., Pfarrer C., Dengler F, & Kästner S. (2023). Hypoxia signaling in the equine small intestine: Expression and distribution of hypoxia inducible factors during experimental ischemia. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 1110019.
Publication 2023
Anesthesia Asepsis Blood Circulation Blood Vessel Consciousness Diazepam Dobutamin-ratiopharm Dobutamine Equus caballus General Anesthesia Intestines Intestines, Small Ischemia Isoflurane Jejunum Ketamine Lactated Ringer's Solution Laparotomy Laser-Doppler Flowmetry Ligature Mesenteric Vascular Occlusion Mesentery Oxygen Pentobarbital Premedication Reperfusion Umbilicus Xylazine
2
COPRA6: Comprehensive Postoperative Care Protocol
COPRA is the standard PDMS documentation programme for all anaesthesiology and ICU units at the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Since 2015, premedication rounds, surgical protocols, postoperative recovery room stays and all aspects of treatment at the intensive care units, as well as in the pain clinic, have been fully and transparently documented in this program (COPRACOPRA6).
The COPRA6 program allows data exchange with the POD documentation form, so that scores (validated delirium screening scores, pain scores, anxiety score) are directly transferred into the POD documentation form and are available for all medical staff. In the surgical setting, and postoperatively in the recovery room or intensive care unit, all non-pharmacological preventive measures are already part of the standard procedure and are mapped and documented in the protocols of these areas (operation/intensive care unit/ recovery room). The COPRA6 form for the documentation of preventive measures during the postoperative phase on the normal ward is divided into five domains: (1) delirium screening, (2) pain/stress/anxiety screening, (3) stimulation of cognition and circadian rhythm, (4) nutrition and mobilisation and (5) indwelling catheters and external devices (online supplemental table S4). The domains can be accessed easily and independently using a sidebar. Each domain contains queries on non-pharmacological preventive measures, which are stored along with the date and time of the conducted visit. The checklist format is kept for the postoperative phase and is intended to ensure that staff can complete it quickly and easily during bedside visits. When patients are discharged or transferred from the hospital, the documentation in the postoperative COPRA6 application also ends with a final query on the presence of delirium. Patients affected by a POD will be offered a follow-up consultation to the out-patient anaesthesiology department 3 months after discharge.
Yürek F., Zimmermann J.D., Weidner E., Hauß A., Dähnert E., Hadzidiakos D., Kruppa J., Kiselev J., Sichinava N., Retana Romero O.A., Hoff L., Mörgeli R., Junge L., Scholtz K., Piper S.K., Grüner L., Harborth A.E., Eymold L., Gülmez T., Falk E., Balzer F., Treskatsch S., Höft M., Schmidt D., Landgraf F., Marschall U., Hölscher A., Rafii M, & Spies C. (2023). Quality contract ‘prevention of postoperative delirium in the care of elderly patients’ study protocol: a non-randomised, pre–post, monocentric, prospective trial. BMJ Open, 13(3), e066709.
Publication 2023
Anxiety Circadian Rhythms Cognition Delirium Indwelling Catheter Medical Devices Medical Staff Outpatients Pain Patient Discharge Patients Premedication
3
Chemo-Immunotherapy for NSCLC Patients
The maximum number of cycles and dose adjustments were made according to current guidelines (9 (link)). All patients received a maximum of 4 cycles of carboplatin AUC 5 plus pemetrexed 500 mg/m2, both administered intravenously every 3 weeks, followed by pemetrexed maintenance therapy at 500 mg/m2 every 3 weeks. All patients received premedication with folic acid, vitamin B12, and glucocorticoids administered according to guidelines for pemetrexed use (12 (link)). All patients received at least one dose of pembrolizumab at 200 mg administered intravenously every 3 weeks for up to 35 cycles or disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. All patients had to receive at least one dose of chemo-immunotherapy to be included in our study. If toxicity was clearly attributed to one drug, this one could be discontinued.
Centers were asked to include all eligible patients consecutively over the period of inclusion from November, 2019 to September, 2020.
Renaud E., Ricordel C., Corre R., Leveiller G., Gadby F., Babey H., Annic J., Lucia F., Bourbonne V., Robinet G., Descourt R., Orione C., Quéré G, & Geier M. (2023). Pembrolizumab plus pemetrexed-carboplatin combination in first-line treatment of advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter real-life study (CAP29). Translational Lung Cancer Research, 12(2), 266-276.
Publication 2023
Carboplatin Cobalamins Disease Progression Folic Acid Glucocorticoids Immunotherapy Patients pembrolizumab Pharmaceutical Preparations Premedication Therapeutics
4
Ketamine for Postoperative Emergence Agitation
The patients were taken to the operating room without any premedication. Standard AAGBI monitors were used. Anesthesia was intravenously induced by 1.5 µg/kg fentanyl, 2 mg/kg propofol, and 0.6 mg/kg rocuronium which was maintained through a mixture of 50% oxygen and 1.2% isoflurane in the air at a flow rate of 2.5 L/min. For intraoperative analgesia and hypotensive technique, remifentanil infusion at a rate of 0.05–2 µg/kg/min was used. Following intubation, all patients received 8 mg of dexamethasone as prophylaxis for postoperative nausea and vomiting (henceforth, PONV). The ventilator parameters were adjusted at a tidal volume of 7–10 ml/kg and a respiratory rate of 10–12 breaths/min to maintain the end-tidal CO2 levels of 30–35 mmHg. Remifentanil infusion was stopped 10 minutes before the end of the surgery to prevent any delay in the emergence from anesthesia. At the end of the surgery immediately after the inhalational agent was discontinued, 2 ml of normal saline containing 0.7 mg/kg of racemic ketamine was intramuscularly administered to Group K, and only 2 ml of normal saline was administered to Group S using a 3 ml syringe. The injection site of both groups was the lateral thigh. For postoperative analgesia, 0.07 mg/kg of intravenous morphine was also administered when the inhalational agent was turned off, and a nasal pack was used for all patients. The patients were ventilated with 100% oxygen at a flow rate of 7 l/min and then extubated once they met extubation criteria.
The patients' EA level was evaluated using the Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS) immediately after extubation until they were handed over to the postanesthaesia care unit (henceforth, PACU), and the highest score documented, is shown in Table 2 (adapted from [12 (link)]). For the purpose of this study, patients with a RASS score of +2 or more were considered to have EA.
During the first 30 minutes in the PACU, the pain score was evaluated using the numerical rating scale (NRS) of 0–10 in which 0 equaled no pain and 10 was the worst possible pain. Any patient reporting a pain score of 5 or more was given 1 g of intravenous paracetamol. Any patient experiencing PONV was given 4 mg of ondansetron.
Almajali H.A., Abu Dalo A.M., Al-Soud N.M., Almajali A., Alrfooh A., Alawamreh T, & Al-Wreikat H. (2023). Intramuscular Ketamine Effect on Postnasal Surgery Agitation: A Prospective Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial. Anesthesiology Research and Practice, 2023, 2286451.
Publication 2023
Acetaminophen Anesthesia Dexamethasone Fentanyl Inhalation Intubation Isoflurane Ketamine Management, Pain Morphine Normal Saline Nose Ondansetron Operative Surgical Procedures Oxygen Pain Patients Postoperative Nausea Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Premedication Propofol Remifentanil Respiratory Rate Rocuronium Sedatives Syringes Thigh Tidal Volume Tracheal Extubation
5
Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Limb Surgery
Upon enrolment, the patients arriving at the operation theatre without premedication were given 8 ml kg−1 Ringer’s solution via an intraoperative maintenance infusion of 4 ml kg−1 h−1. Standard physical monitoring was performed using an automated non-invasive blood pressure (BP) monitor, 5-lead ECG and pulse oximetry. Systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR were recorded at intervals of 5 min during the entire operation. To objectively record the baseline parameters, baseline measurements were defined using the average of three readings obtained at an interval of 5 min before induction in the supine position on the operation bed.
PNB (femoral and sciatic nerve blocks) was performed under ultrasound guidance combined with a nerve stimulator (MultiStim SENSOR, PAJUNK, Geisingen, Germany). If electrical stimulation of ≤ 0.5 mA elicited a visible motor response in the quadriceps femoris for femoral nerve or in the gastrocnemius for sciatic nerve, approximately 20 ml of ropivacaine hydrochloride (3.5 mg ml−1) (Naropin, AstraZeneca AB, Sodertalje, Sweden) was injected. The block was considered satisfactory after confirming the presence of complete motor and sensory blocks. The presence of a motor block was assessed using the modified Bromage scale for the lower limb (0: normal motor function; 1: ability to only move the toes; and 2: inability to move the knee, ankle and toes), with a Bromage score of 2 indicating a complete block. The presence of a sensory block was assessed via the pin-prick method using a 26G hypodermic needle along the midline of the lower limb [15 (link)]. A successful sensory block was defined as a complete lack of pain sensation at the surgical field level. Patients who successfully achieved a complete block were randomly administered with 1.5 µg kg−1 h−1 DEX [16 (link)] (H20090248, Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd, Lianyungang, Jiangsu, China) or 50 µg kg−1 h−1MID (H10980025, Jiangsu Nhwa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Xuzhou, China) [17 (link)]. The drug dosage was calculated according to the lean body weight (LBM), and the drugs were continuously administered during the procedure until wound irrigation. The parameters were recorded even after the operation was completed.
During inhalation of air, side effects such as hypotension (SBP < 90 mmHg or DBP < 60 mmHg), bradycardia (HR < 55 bpm) and hypoxemia (SpO2 level < 93%) were observed and noted. An SpO2 level of < 93% was treated with 2–4 l min−1 oxygen administration. Hypotension was treated with 6 mg of intravenous ephedrine administration. Further, sinus bradycardia was treated with 0.5 mg of intravenous atropine administration. These side effects were reported by the anaesthesiologist who was blinded to the study protocol.
Wang X., Zhang S., Wang C., Huang Y., Wu H., Zhao G, & Wang T. (2023). Real-time evaluation of the independent analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine. BMC Anesthesiology, 23, 68.
Publication 2023
Anesthesiologist Ankle Atropine Body Weight Continuous Sphygmomanometers Ephedrine Femur Hypodermic Needles Inhalation Intravenous Infusion Knee Lower Extremity Muscle, Gastrocnemius Naropin Nerve Block Nerves, Femoral Nervousness Oximetry, Pulse Pain Perception Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Physical Examination Premedication Pressure, Diastolic Quadriceps Femoris Ringer's Solution Ropivacaine Hydrochloride Saturation of Peripheral Oxygen Sciatic Nerve Sinuses, Nasal Stimulations, Electric Systolic Pressure Therapies, Oxygen Inhalation Toes Ultrasonography Wounds

Top products related to «Premedication»

1
Rompun by Bayer
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Rompun is a veterinary drug used as a sedative and analgesic for animals. It contains the active ingredient xylazine hydrochloride. Rompun is designed to induce a state of sedation and pain relief in animals during medical procedures or transportation.
2
Ketaminol by Bayer
Sourced in Germany
Ketaminol is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Bayer. It is designed for use in controlled settings for analytical and research purposes. The core function of Ketaminol is to facilitate precise measurements and experiments. No further details about its intended use can be provided.
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Propofol by Fresenius
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Propofol is a pharmaceutical product used as a general anesthetic and sedative. It is a sterile, nonpyrogenic injectable emulsion that contains the active ingredient propofol and other inactive ingredients. Propofol is administered intravenously and is used to induce and maintain general anesthesia, as well as for sedation in intensive care unit (ICU) settings.
4
Metacam by Boehringer Ingelheim
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Metacam is a veterinary pharmaceutical product manufactured by Boehringer Ingelheim. It contains the active ingredient meloxicam, which is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID).
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Sas 9 by SAS Institute
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SAS 9.4 is an integrated software suite for advanced analytics, data management, and business intelligence. It provides a comprehensive platform for data analysis, modeling, and reporting. SAS 9.4 offers a wide range of capabilities, including data manipulation, statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and visual data exploration.
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Zoletil by Virbac
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Zoletil is a general anesthetic and analgesic used in veterinary medicine. It is a combination of two active compounds, tiletamine and zolazepam, that work together to induce a state of deep sedation and pain relief in animals. The product is administered by injection and is commonly used for a variety of veterinary procedures, including surgery, diagnostic imaging, and minor treatments. Zoletil is intended for use under the supervision of licensed veterinary professionals.
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Isoflo by Zoetis
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IsoFlo is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Zoetis. It is designed to provide precise and controlled administration of isoflurane, a commonly used inhalation anesthetic, in a laboratory setting.
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Propofol by B. Braun
Sourced in Germany
Propofol is an intravenous anesthetic agent used in medical procedures. It induces and maintains a state of unconsciousness and suppresses the body's response to surgical stimulation.
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Stresnil by Johnson & Johnson
Sourced in Germany, Belgium
Stresnil is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Johnson & Johnson. It is designed to assist in the measurement and monitoring of stress levels in research and clinical settings. The core function of Stresnil is to provide accurate and reliable data on physiological indicators of stress, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and cortisol levels.
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Xylazine by Bayer
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Xylazine is a pharmaceutical product used as a sedative and analgesic in veterinary medicine. It is a central alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that produces a calming effect and pain relief in animals. Xylazine is used to facilitate handling, examination, and minor surgical procedures in various animal species.

More about "Premedication"

Premedication is the administration of medication before a medical procedure or treatment, often to reduce anxiety, pain, or other potential adverse effects.
This process is crucial in various healthcare settings, such as surgery, dental procedures, or diagnostic tests.
Premedication may involve a range of drugs, including sedatives (e.g., Rompun, Stresnil), analgesics (e.g., Ketaminol, Metacam), antiemetics, or other medications tailored to the patient's needs and the specifics of the upcoming procedure.
Optimizing premedication is an important aspect of patient care, as it can improve the overall experience, reduce the risk of complications, and enhance the effectiveness of the primary treatment.
Researchers and clinicians can leverage innovative tools like PubCompare.ai to easily locate relevant protocols, compare options, and identify the best premedication strategies for their patients' unique requirements.
Premedication can involve a variety of medications, such as sedatives (e.g., Propofol, Zoletil), analgesics (e.g., Xylazine), and antiemetics.
The specific choice of medication and dosage depends on the patient's individual needs, the type of procedure, and the desired effects.
Proper premedication can help reduce anxiety, minimize pain, and prevent potential side effects, ultimately leading to a more comfortable and successful medical intervention.
PubCompare.ai is a powerful AI-driven platform that can assist researchers and clinicians in optimizing their premedication strategies.
The tool allows users to easily locate relevant protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and then leverage AI-powered comparisons to identify the best protocols and products for their patients' needs.
This can help take the guesswork out of premedication research and ensure that patients receive the most appropriate and effective care.
Whether you're a healthcare professional or a researcher, understanding the importance of premedication and utilizing tools like PubCompare.ai can be crucial in delivering high-quality, patient-centered care.
By optimizing premedication, you can enhance the overall patient experience, improve treatment outcomes, and contribute to the advancement of medical knowledge.