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Root Canal Therapy

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Most cited protocols related to «Root Canal Therapy»

Samples were collected on teeth isolated with a rubber dam and using strict aseptic techniques. The tooth surface was cleaned with 30% hydrogen peroxide for one minute and NaOCl 3% for two minutes. The operation field (tooth, rubber dam, and clamp) was swabbed with 5% iodine tincture. To control the sterility of the operation field, samples of the disinfected tooth crown were taken with two foam pellets (Disposable Mini-Sponge Applicator; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) damped in thiosulfate solution (5%; surface control). One pellet was placed in fluid thioglycollate medium supplemented with agar (FTM). If growth occurred after seven days of aerobic incubation, the sample was excluded from the study. The other pellets were stored at −80 °C in Tris-EDTA (TE-buffer, Sigma, St. Louis, MO 63178, USA) for further DNA analysis.
For root canal samples, the access cavity was prepared with a sterile carbide bur, canals were gently filed with K-files (Dentsply Sirona Endodontics), and filled using a syringe containing sterile saline solution. The contents of the root canal were absorbed into sterile paper points and transferred to FTM. The paper points were moved to TE-buffer (1 mL) and ten-fold serial dilutions (0–104) were cultured on fastidious anaerobic agar (FAA, Svenska LABFAB, #ACU-7531A) in an anaerobic atmosphere (5% CO2, 10% H2, 85% N2, 37 °C) for one week. Colony-forming units (CFU) were counted, and colonies with different phenotypic patterns were selected from each plate for bacterial typing. Two colonies of each phenotypic pattern were collected. The remaining sample (800 µL) containing the paper points was stored at −80 °C for DNA extraction. The experimental workflow is presented in Figure 1. Up to 10 isolates with different phenotypic patterns were selected from each plate, amplified by PCR, and sequenced to identify bacterial species as previously described [13 (link)]. Thus, aliquots of the 16S rDNA PCR products were purified and sequenced with Sanger (Eurofins MWG Operon, Ebensburg, Germany), and sequences were compared with the eHOMD database (Expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database, Forsyth, (http://www.ehomd.org)).
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Publication 2020
Agar Asepsis Atmosphere Bacteria Bacteria, Aerobic Buffers Dental Caries Dentsply DNA, Ribosomal Edetic Acid Human Microbiome Iodine Operon Pellets, Drug Peroxide, Hydrogen Phenotype Porifera Pulp Canals Root Canal Therapy Rubber Dams Saline Solution Sterility, Reproductive Syringes Technique, Dilution Thioglycolates Thiosulfates Tooth Tooth Crowns Tromethamine
The sample frame for this study consisted of all U.S. dentists in the network who had previously participated in one or more network studies and who were in current practice with an active practice address (n=828). At the time of the survey, practices were predominately located in Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, Minnesota, Oregon, and Washington. This project was approved by the human participants institutional review boards at the University of Alabama at Birmingham and all of the network’s regional centers. The reporting conforms to STROBE Guidelines (http://www.strobe-statement.org).
The design was cross-sectional, consisting of a single administration of the IUS. The results of this questionnaire were combined with those of an Enrollment Questionnaire that all practitioners completed when they enrolled in the network. Both questionnaires are publicly available (please see the reference to this publication at http://nationaldentalpbrn.org/peer-reviewed-publications.php).
Thirty-four practitioners and network staff pre-tested a pilot version of the survey to assess the feasibility and comprehension of each questionnaire item. Items regarding electronic dental record use were taken from a study of clinical computing (15 (link)). Pilot testing started with network staff, across the regions and from different browsers, then in groups of 6–8 practitioners. The practitioners were queried regarding their experience taking survey, including access, clarity and ease of use. Pilot testing was considered complete when all practitioners in the group reported no problems with access, clarity or ability to complete. Subsequently, letters were sent by the main network administrative site to eligible practitioners, inviting them to participate, and to provide them with a unique identification number and log-in code to complete the online survey. Practitioners were asked to complete the questionnaire within three weeks. Non-respondents received a reminder letter after the fourth week. After an additional four weeks, a final reminder was sent, along with a printed version of the questionnaire allowing the option of completing the online or paper version. Network staff entered data received on mailed, paper versions through an online portal. Individuals who had not responded after a final three-week waiting period were considered non-respondents. Practitioners or their business entities could request a $50 remuneration as a gesture of appreciation for completing the questionnaire, of whom 92% did so. The practitioners who chose the mail option have access to the internet, but either chose not to complete the survey online because of personal preference or perhaps because of difficulty with network or connectivity problems. Prior to and during conduct of the IUS survey, the network staff received queries from practitioners and their staff regarding ability to logon or reconnect, for enrollment questionnaire and survey. These were few and were not documented, nor was the specific reason for using mail option rather than completing the survey online determined.
The overall intent of the IUS was to quantify the (1 (link)) use of electronic dental records; (2 ) use of rubber dam during root canal treatment; and (3 (link)) utilization of dental staff for specific clinical procedures, specifically, expanded-function auxiliaries. The questionnaire comprised 25 primary questions, with over 100 branching questions. The survey was completed between December 2010 and June 2011. Survey findings regarding use of electronic dental records, use of rubber dams during root canal procedures and utilization of dental staff have been published (16 (link)–18 ).
Bivariate cross-tabulations were calculated to examine associations of the following with completion of the survey by mail: 1) respondents and their practice characteristics and setting; and 2) their use of electronic dental records, use of rubber dams during root canal procedures, and 3) experience and attitude towards working with expanded-function auxiliaries. The chi-squared test was used to assess significance of the differences for bivariate analysis; logistic regression was used for adjusted analysis. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated from the models. Statistical significance was assumed for a p-value less than 0.05. All analyses were performed using SAS (SAS/STAT version 9.3, SAS Institute, Inc.).
Publication 2014
Dental Staff Dentist Ethics Committees, Research Homo sapiens Reading Frames Root Canal Therapy Rubber Dams
Fixed hemi-mandible samples used for micro-CT analysis were decalcified using 10% formic acid and sodium citrate, dehydrated in ethanol and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections of 6μm thickness were cut; every 5th sample was mounted and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E). Sections containing the region of interest (patent root canal with localized periapical lesion) were selected, mounted and stained with tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase (TRAP). Methyl green staining was employed as counter staining for the TRAP staining. Adjacent sections were used for immunohistochemical analysis. Identification of neutrophils, B-cells and macrophages were performed by help of the antibodies Ly-6B.2 (dilution 1: 4000; AbD-Serotec, Oxford, UK ), CD20 (1:200, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc, USA), F4/80 (dilution 1:50, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc, Dallas, TX), ab3523 (anti-iNOS, dilution 1:400, Abcam, Cambridge, MA), and N20 (anti-ArgI, dilution 1:50, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc) respectively. Primary antibodies were detected either with biotinylated goat anti-rat antibody or biotinylated rabbit anti-goat using the Vector ELITE ABC kits (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA).
Omissions of the primary antibodies were used as negative controls and the sections showed no positive immune cell staining. Cell enumeration was carried out in grid by light microscopy at 400x magnification.
Publication 2013
Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic B-Lymphocytes Cells Cloning Vectors Eosin Ethanol formic acid Goat Light Microscopy Macrophage Mandible Methyl Green Neutrophil NOS2A protein, human Paraffin Embedding Rabbits Root Canal Therapy Sodium Citrate Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase Technique, Dilution X-Ray Microtomography
The acoustic properties of the ear canal can be characterized by measuring the real ear unaided response (REUR) [6 (link)]. This response is measured with a probe microphone inserted into the external auditory canal and shows the sound pressure level at the eardrum after the presentation of a well-defined broadband sound stimulus. Differences between individual REURs therefore represent differences in acoustic properties of individual ear canals. For instance, the acoustic effect of an ear canal with a radical cavity can be simulated in a normal ear canal by filtering the incoming sound stimulus using the difference of the REUR of a normal ear and the REUR of a cavity ear. The filtered sound stimuli, presented to a normal ear, should result in the same distribution of sound pressure at the eardrum as in the original radical cavity [6 (link)].
We used Dutch speech recordings (two male and two female speaker sentences based on the VU98 sentence material [9 (link)], filtered to simulate the acoustic properties of six ear canal conditions: two normal ear canals, two pre-operative conditions (ear canal with exostosis and radical cavity), and two post-operative conditions (canalplasty and revision radical cavity surgery with reconstruction of the posterior ear canal wall). The REURs of these six conditions were measured using the REM module of the Affinity 2.0 Hearing Aid Analyzer platform (Interacoustics, Denmark). Figure 1 shows the REUR results of the six conditions, presented as a real ear unaided gain (REUG, being the difference between the incoming broadband stimulus and the REUR). Six filters c.q. simulated conditions were built based on the differences between these six REUGs and the average REUG of a normal adult ear canal (see Table 4.6 in Dillon H (8), page 110 [10 ]). The seventh ‘reference’ condition consisted of the unfiltered speech material. We included sound samples, using English sentences but the same filters, comparable to those who were presented to the participants in the sound files.

Measured real ear unaided gain (REUG) of all conditions: two ‘normal’ ear canals (N1 and N2), a pre- and postoperative condition of a patient with exostosis who underwent canalplasty (Ex Pre and Ex Post) and a pre- and postoperative condition of a patient with a radical cavity who underwent a revision surgery with cartilage reconstruction of the posterior ear canal (C Pre and C post) (dark lines). In each window the average adult REUG is also depicted (Dillon) (light line). The REUG data are depicted on the same scale from 100 to 7000 Hz on the frequency x axis, and −25 to 25 dB (gain) on the y axis

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Publication 2016
Acoustics Adult Cartilage Dental Caries Ear Cartilage Ear Diseases Epistropheus Exostoses External Auditory Canals Females Hearing Aids Light Males Patients Pressure Pulp Canals Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Root Canal Therapy Sound Speech Tympanic Membrane
Participants were recruited between November 2009 and March 2012. Men and women ages 35 years and older were eligible if they had physician-diagnosed DM of more than three months duration, an HbA1c value >7.0% and <9.0% at screening, reported no changes in diabetes medications within the last 3 months, were under the care of a physician for their diabetes, agreed to not change diabetes medications during the trial unless medically indicated, and agreed to avoid pregnancy while in the trial. Participants required a diagnosis of moderate to advanced chronic periodontitis defined as clinical attachment loss and probing depth of at least > 5mm in 2 or more quadrants of the mouth,16 a minimum of 16 natural teeth, and no periodontal treatment in the prior 6 months. Radiographs were used to confirm a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis. Participants needing treatment of extensive tooth decay, tooth abscesses, or other oral infection such as teeth needing root canal therapy, were excluded. Additional exclusion criteria included limited life expectancy, diabetes-related emergency within 30 days, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) medications other than daily low dose aspirin (75-325mg), use of immunosuppressive medications, antibiotic use (>7 days within 30 days of enrollment), dialysis, risk of bleeding complications, or heavy alcohol consumption (>3 drinks/day for men and >2/day for women).
Publication 2013
Abscess Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal Antibiotics Aspirin Chronic Periodontitis Dental Care Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Dialysis Emergencies Immunosuppressive Agents Infection Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2b Oral Cavity Periodontium Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Pregnancy Root Canal Therapy Tooth Woman X-Rays, Diagnostic

Most recents protocols related to «Root Canal Therapy»

The micro-CT data sets were then transferred to the Mimics 21.0 (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) software to perform 3D reconstruction of the teeth and root canal systems. The root canal configurations in the mandibular incisors were examined and described by the Vertucci’s classification [4 (link)]: Type I: a single canal is present from the pulp chamber to the apex (type 1–1). Type II: two separate canals leave the pulp chamber but join to form one canal short of the apex (type 2–1). Type III: one canal leaves the pulp chamber and divides into two within the root, but they merge again to exit as one canal (type 1–2-1). Type IV: two separate and distinct canals are present from the pulp chamber to the apex (type 2–2). Type V: one canal leaves the pulp chamber which divides into two separate and distinct canals with separate apical foramina (type 1–2). Type VI: two separate canals join within the root to form one canal, which divides into two distinct canals again short of the apex (type 2–1-2). Type VII: one canal leaves the pulp chamber, divides and rejoins within the root body, and finally redivides into two distinct canals short of the apex (type 1–2-1–2). Type VIII: three separate and distinct canals are present from the pulp chamber to the apex (type 3–3).
The type and number of the accessory canals were also determined.
The calibration was performed by an expert endodontist (Yongchun Gu) and an observer (Ying Tang). In the pilot study, the observer was trained and calibrated to read the micro-CT images with a sample size of 20 (10 single- and 10 double-canaled incisors) that did not belong to the study sample. The observer evaluated the micro-CT images using sagittal, axial, and coronal views and digital 3D tooth models to identify the root canal morphology, and each tooth received a single score. Disagreements were discussed, until a consensus was reached after adequate deliberation.
The inter- and intra-observer errors was evaluated according to Cohen's kappa test. Each observer evaluated the same 20 teeth twice independently with an interval of two weeks. Substantial Kappa values were obtained (the intra-observer kappa value was 1.0 for both observers [Yongchun Gu and Ying Tang], and the inter-observer kappa value was 0.9, all p = 0.000), suggesting the inter- and intra-observer agreement were both excellent.
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Publication 2023
Endodontist Fingers Foramen, Apical Human Body Incisor Mandible Mandibular Canal Pulp Chamber Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Root Canal Therapy Tooth Tooth Root X-Ray Microtomography
A total of 30 freshly extracted single-rooted mandibular human premolars with oval root canals were obtained after the study was approved by the institutional review board of Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Korea (KUGH-022-08-033). Teeth presenting dental caries, cracks, and fractures were excluded. After cleansing of visible blood and gross debris, radiographs were taken to ensure a similar buccolingual dimension of the root canals. The teeth were stored in a sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution diluted 1:10 with distilled water until the time of experimental usage.
To obtain standardized root lengths, the roots were sectioned 12 mm from the apex with a diamond bar under water cooling. The root canals were instrumented using a rotary instrument system (ProTaper Next, Sybron Endo, Orange, CA, USA) up to size F3. During instrumentation, the root canals were irrigated with 2 mL of 1% NaOCl using a 27-gauge side-vented needle. The smear layer formed in the root canal wall was removed using 1 mL of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid for 2 minutes. Finally, the root canals were irrigated with 2 mL of distilled water and dried with paper points.
The root canal specimens were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 15), which were then treated with different filling materials. In the first group, each root canal was filled with ProRoot MTA. After the powder was mixed with the liquid, the mixture was inserted into an MTA carrier (MAP system, Dentsply-Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland). Then, the material was placed in the root canal and compacted apically with plugger and paper points. In the other group, the root canal was filled with Endocem MTA Premixed. The material was injected into the canal and apically placed using paper points. The filling procedure was performed until the canal was filled up to 3 mm from the orifice. Then, the orifice was restored with a temporary filling material (Caviton, GC, Tokyo, Japan). The specimens were stored in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; HyClone Laboratories Inc., Logan, UT, USA) for 30 days to facilitate biomineralization.
Publication 2023
Bicuspid Biomineralization BLOOD Caviton Dental Caries Dentsply Diamond Edetic Acid endocem Endometriosis Ethics Committees, Research Fracture, Bone Homo sapiens Mandible Mandibular Canal Needles Phosphates Plant Roots Powder ProRoot MTA Pulp Canals Radiography Root Canal Therapy Saline Solution Smear Layer Sodium Hypochlorite Tooth Tooth Root
The specimens were embedded in a chemically cured acrylic resin (Ortho-Jet Acrylic, Lang Dental MFG, Wheeling, IL, USA) in a custom-made mold. The mold was placed perpendicular to the tooth surface. Using a low-speed micro-saw, each embedded tooth specimen was cut into a slice of 2.0 ± 0.2 mm in thickness to obtain a specimen for the push-out bond strength test (Figure 1A). A universal testing machine (Z020, Zwick Roell, Ulm, Germany) was used with a 500-N load cell at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min to apply push-out force in the apico-coronal direction (Figure 1B). The maximum failure load was recorded in newtons (N) and then converted to megapascals (MPa) by applying the following formula:
The adhesion area of the root canal filling was calculated using the following equation:
where r1 is the smaller radius of the root canal diameter (mm), r2 is the larger radius, h represents the thickness of the root section (mm), and π is the mathematical constant pi, approximated as 3.14.
The sample was observed under a stereomicroscope (MZ16FA, Leica, Wetzlar, Germany) at ×30 magnification to determine the failure mode. Failures were categorized as cohesive (dentin walls totally covered with sealer), adhesive (no sealer visible on dentin walls), or mixed (a combination of cohesive and adhesive failure).
Publication 2023
Acrylic Resins Cells Dental Health Services Dentin Fungus, Filamentous Radius Root Canal Therapy Tooth Tooth Root
Three NiTi rotary systems with different cross-sectional geometries but the same sizes were selected including convex triangle (CT), S-type (S), and triple-helix (TH) with the size and taper of 25/04. Detailed 3-dimentional geometries of these three files were designed using the SolidWorks software (Dassault Systèmes, Vélizy-Villacoublay, France).
Cross-sectional and longitudinal geometries of instruments are shown in Figure 1.
The zaxis was chosen along the length of the instruments, i.e., normal to the cross section. Root canal models with curvature angles of 45ᵒ and 60ᵒ and radii of 2 and 5mm with the same size as files (25/04) and a total length of 15mm were regenerated according to clinical information.
By combining the two cited parameters, four types of canal geometries were evaluated (Figure 2).
All models were transferred to ABAQUS software V2018 (SIMULIA, Providence, RI, USA) and multiple numerical simulations were performed to evaluate the stress distribution in different endodontic files. Modeled files were advanced continuously, without repetitive up and down pecking or brushing movements to reach the apex of the modeled root canals. During the insertion, the instruments rotated at the speed of 300 rpm (5 revolutions per second) and the von Mises stress distribution was evaluated based on the finite element method.
The mechanical characteristics of NiTi alloy and dentin component of the root canal were setting as: Young’s modulus 36 GPa, the Passion’s ratio 0.30, the stress range for austenite to martensite phase transformation 504-600 MPa for the NiTi alloy [ 12 (link)
] and the Young’s modulus 18.60 and the Poisson’s ratio 0.30 for dentin [ 2 (link) ].
The accumulation of plastic deformation due to cyclic loading in the pseudo-elastic range and the shear strains due to friction of the instrument blade into the canal wall were neglected as model simplifications.
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Publication 2023
Alloys Austenite Dentin Friction Helix (Snails) Martensite Movement Pulp Canals Radius Root Canal Therapy Strains titanium nickelide Tooth Components
Root canal instrumentation was performed on the assigned patients utilizing 21 mm XP-endo Shaper files. After access cavity preparation, the canal patency was inspected using a #10 K-file, and if desired, a glide path until a #15 K-file was prepared. The root canals were loaded with 2 mL of 2.5% NaOCl before the XP-endo Shaper file was inserted passively until resistance was reached. After retracting the tip coronally, the endomotor was powered at 800 rpm and 1 Ncm torque, and the file was reintroduced. The file was used 4–5 times toward the WL with delicate vertical strokes. When the WL was achieved, the file was retracted and cleaned, apical patency was ascertained with the #15 K-file, the canal was irrigated again with 4 mL of 2.5% NaOCl, and the file was used for an additional 15 thrusts to the WL, designating instrumentation fulfilment, accompanied by irrigating the canal with 4 mL of 2.5% NaOCl, as per manufacturer’s instructions. Eventually, the canals were irrigated with 2 mL of 17% EDTA and normal saline.
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Publication 2023
Access Cavity Preparation Cerebrovascular Accident Edetic Acid Endometriosis Normal Saline Patients Pulp Canals Root Canal Therapy Satisfaction Torque

Top products related to «Root Canal Therapy»

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The Size 10 K-file is a dental instrument used for root canal treatment. It is a thin, flexible metal file with a tapered tip designed to navigate and shape the narrow, intricate canals within a tooth's root system.
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AH Plus is an endodontic sealer material manufactured by Dentsply. It is designed for use in root canal procedures to fill and seal the root canal space.
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The X-Smart Plus is a dental endodontic motor designed for root canal procedures. It provides controlled and precise rotational movements to facilitate the preparation of root canals. The device features adjustable speed and torque settings to accommodate different endodontic file systems and techniques.
Sourced in Germany, Switzerland, United States
AH Plus sealer is a root canal sealer material manufactured by Dentsply. It is a zinc oxide-eugenol-based root canal sealer formulation.
Sourced in Switzerland, United States
The K-file is a dental instrument used in endodontic procedures. It is a type of file, a flexible instrument with a series of evenly spaced cutting edges, used for shaping and enlarging the root canal.
Sourced in Germany, United States
Cavit G is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by 3M. It is designed for use in various scientific and analytical applications, providing a controlled environment for various processes and experiments.
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The Endo-Z bur is a dental lab equipment designed for endodontic procedures. It is used for the removal of material from the interior of a tooth during root canal treatment.
Sourced in Germany, United States
Cavit is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by 3M. It is designed to provide a secure, airtight seal for various laboratory containers and vessels.
Sourced in United States, India
The NaviTip is a dental instrument designed for precise delivery of dental materials. It features a narrow, flexible tip that allows for controlled placement of materials in hard-to-reach areas of the mouth.
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The X-Smart is a dental laboratory equipment product designed for endodontic procedures. It is an electric motor-driven handpiece that allows for rotary file instrumentation of root canals.

More about "Root Canal Therapy"

Endodontic Treatment, Root Canal Procedure, Pulp Therapy, Endodontic Therapy, Endodontic Surgery, Endodontic Retreatment, Apexification, Apexogenesis, Pulpectomy, Pulpotomy, Apicoectomy, Retrograde Filling, Obturation, Gutta-Percha, Endodontic File, Endodontic Sealer, Endodontic Irrigant, Endodontic Access, Endodontic Restoration.
Root canal therapy is a common dental procedure that involves the removal of the infected or inflamed pulp (soft inner tissue) of a tooth, followed by cleaning, shaping, and sealing of the root canal system.
This treatment is essential for preserving the natural tooth structure and preventing the spread of infection.
The key steps in root canal therapy include: 1.
Access: An Endo-Z bur is used to create an opening in the tooth, allowing access to the pulp chamber and root canals. 2.
Instrumentation: Endodontic files, such as K-files and Size 10 K-files, are used to clean and shape the root canals, removing the infected or inflamed pulp tissue. 3.
Irrigation: Endodontic irrigants, like NaviTip, are used to flush out debris and disinfect the root canal system. 4.
Obturation: The cleaned and shaped root canals are filled with a biocompatible material, typically gutta-percha, and sealed with an endodontic sealer, such as AH Plus sealer. 5.
Restoration: The access opening is sealed with a temporary restoration, such as Cavit G or Cavit, until a permanent restoration, such as a crown, can be placed.
Advanced endodontic techniques, such as the use of the X-Smart Plus rotary system, can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of root canal therapy.
Additionally, the use of AH Plus, a premium endodontic sealer, can enhance the long-term success of the treatment.
By incorporating the latest research, innovations, and best practices, dentists can revolutionize root canal therapy and provide patients with optimal outcomes.
PubCompare.ai, an AI-powered platform, can assist in this process by effortlessly locating and comparing the most effective root canal treatment protocols from the latest literature, preprints, and patents.