We constructed a sample consisting of patients who underwent 1 of 11 surgical procedures during the sample period: total knee arthroplasty (TKA), total hip arthroplasty (THA), laparoscopic cholecystectomy, open cholecystectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy, open appendectomy, cesarean delivery, FESS, cataract surgery, transurethral prostate resection (TURP), or simple mastectomy. We chose these procedures because they are commonly performed. In addition, with the exception of TKA and THA, these procedures are not indicated to relieve pain and are not thought to place patients at risk for long-term pain. We identified patients who underwent these procedures by identifying inpatient or outpatient claims with a CPT code for the given procedure (eTable 1 in the Supplement ). We restricted our analysis to patients aged 18 to 64 years who were continuously enrolled for a period of at least 3 calendar years, encompassing the year before the procedure and the year after. For example, for patients who received their procedure in 2003, we required that the patient be continuously enrolled for at least the time period January 1, 2002, through December 31, 2004. In addition, we excluded patients who underwent 2 or more of the 11 studied surgical procedures. Using data from pharmacy claims, we further restricted our analysis to opioid-naive patients, defined as patients who did not fill a prescription for an opioid in the 12 months prior to their procedure. A flowchart outlining the construction of the sample is provided in the eFigure in the Supplement .
>
Procedures
>
Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure
>
Simple Mastectomy
Simple Mastectomy
Simple mastectomy is a surgical procedure in which the entire breast, including the nipple and areola, is removed.
This procedure is commonly used to treat breast cancer, especially in early-stage cases.
The goal of simple mastectomy is to remove the cancerous tissue and minimize the risk of the cancer spreading.
The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia and may involve the removal of some lymph nodes as well.
Recovery time can vary, but patients typically experience some pain, swelling, and bruising after the surgery.
It's important for patients to follow their healthcare provider's instructions for post-operative care and to attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor their health.
Simple mastectomy is an important treatment option for many breast cancer patients, and can help improve outcomes and quality of life.
This procedure is commonly used to treat breast cancer, especially in early-stage cases.
The goal of simple mastectomy is to remove the cancerous tissue and minimize the risk of the cancer spreading.
The procedure is typically performed under general anesthesia and may involve the removal of some lymph nodes as well.
Recovery time can vary, but patients typically experience some pain, swelling, and bruising after the surgery.
It's important for patients to follow their healthcare provider's instructions for post-operative care and to attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor their health.
Simple mastectomy is an important treatment option for many breast cancer patients, and can help improve outcomes and quality of life.
Most cited protocols related to «Simple Mastectomy»
Appendectomy
Cataract Extraction
Cesarean Section
Cholecystectomy
Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic
Dietary Supplements
Inpatient
Knee Replacement Arthroplasty
Laparoscopy
Operative Surgical Procedures
Opioids
Outpatients
Pain
Patients
Simple Mastectomy
Total Hip Arthroplasty
Transurethral Resection of Prostate
The SEER database was used to identify 49,084 patients older than 18 years of age who had been treated for ILC from January 1998 to November 2009 using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) code 8520/3. Patients were excluded if they had stage III (n = 4,191) or IV disease (n = 2,761), unknown stage (n = 3,365), had a follow-up duration of <24 months (n = 11,010), did not undergo surgical resection (n = 294), underwent total mastectomy (n = 13,767), did not receive post-operative radiotherapy (n = 3,888), were node negative (n = 7,573) or had 3 or more positive lymph nodes (n = 966). The remaining 1,269 ILC patients— those who had T1–T2 tumors and 1 or 2 positive lymph nodes and underwent BCT— were included in our study. The SEER database does not specify the axillary lymph node surgery performed; therefore, surrogates were used to categorize patients as having undergone SLND or ALND. Patients with 1–5 lymph nodes removed were considered to have undergone SLND alone, whereas patients with more than 5 lymph nodes removed were considered to have undergone ALND. These definitions were based on the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) definition of a standard low axillary lymph node dissection (at least 6 lymph nodes) [5] . Using these definitions, we assigned 393 patients to the SLND group and 876 patients to the ALND group (Figure 1 ).
The SEER database also does not provide specific information regarding LRR. Therefore, we identified patients with 2 or more registered entries after the primary surgery. If the same breast was affected, it was counted as an ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR); if the lymph nodes were affected, it was counted as an ipsilateral regional recurrence.
The SEER database also does not provide specific information regarding LRR. Therefore, we identified patients with 2 or more registered entries after the primary surgery. If the same breast was affected, it was counted as an ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence (IBTR); if the lymph nodes were affected, it was counted as an ipsilateral regional recurrence.
Full text: Click here
Axilla
Breast
Breast Neoplasm
Joints
Lymph Node Dissection
Malignant Neoplasms
Neoplasms
Nodes, Lymph
Operative Surgical Procedures
Patients
Radiotherapy
Recurrence
Simple Mastectomy
4-propionyloxy-4-phenyl-N-methylpiperidine
Biopsy
Breast
Cancer Pain
Ethics Committees, Research
Immune Tolerance
Malignant Neoplasm of Breast
Malignant Neoplasms
Mastodynia
Operative Surgical Procedures
Pain
Patient Participation
Patients
Segmental Mastectomy
Simple Mastectomy
Surgeons
Woman
Adult
American Indian or Alaska Native
Asian Americans
Diagnosis
Epidermal growth factor
erbb2 Gene
Estrogens
Ethnicity
Gender
Hispanics
Hormones
Lumpectomy
Malignant Neoplasm of Breast
Malignant Neoplasms
Mastectomy
Native Hawaiians
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Neoplasms
Operative Surgical Procedures
Pacific Islander Americans
Patients
Pharmaceutical Adjuvants
Pharmacotherapy
Progesterone
Radiotherapy
Receptors, Progesterone
Simple Mastectomy
Surgeons
Therapeutics
Woman
This study was conducted in accordance with Helsinki Declaration and all patients signed a consent form approved by the Research Ethics Committee of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center (KFSH&RC). The study was approved by the Research Advisory Council (RAC) of KFSH&RC (RAC# 2030 034).
Breast cancer specimens were collected from primary tumors of 68 patients including the 44 patients reported in our previous study [18 (link)] (median age 44 years) who were seeking treatments and had to undergo surgery (breast conservative surgery or total mastectomy) at KFSH&RC from 2003 to 2006. From the selected patients, 6 patients were removed from the study as they had no detectable TIL. Normal breast tissues were also obtained from 2 healthy women undergoing a plastic surgery and designated as BP. Upon excision of tissues by a surgeon, an anatomical pathologist obtained sample of the tumor tissue, denoted T, and an adjacent normal breast tissue from the same breast having the tumor, denoted N. Tissues from both T and N were processed as described before [18 (link)]. Briefly, they were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin for routine histopathological analysis while other piece was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, preserved at -80°C and sectioned using a cryostat.
Breast cancer specimens were collected from primary tumors of 68 patients including the 44 patients reported in our previous study [18 (link)] (median age 44 years) who were seeking treatments and had to undergo surgery (breast conservative surgery or total mastectomy) at KFSH&RC from 2003 to 2006. From the selected patients, 6 patients were removed from the study as they had no detectable TIL. Normal breast tissues were also obtained from 2 healthy women undergoing a plastic surgery and designated as BP. Upon excision of tissues by a surgeon, an anatomical pathologist obtained sample of the tumor tissue, denoted T, and an adjacent normal breast tissue from the same breast having the tumor, denoted N. Tissues from both T and N were processed as described before [18 (link)]. Briefly, they were fixed in formalin and embedded in paraffin for routine histopathological analysis while other piece was snap frozen in liquid nitrogen, preserved at -80°C and sectioned using a cryostat.
Full text: Click here
Breast
Ethics Committees, Research
Formalin
Freezing
Malignant Neoplasm of Breast
Neoplasms
Nitrogen
Operative Surgical Procedures
Paraffin Embedding
Pathologists
Patients
Plastic Surgical Procedures
Simple Mastectomy
Specialists
Surgeons
Thoracic Surgical Procedures
Tissues
Woman
Most recents protocols related to «Simple Mastectomy»
This was quantitative research in the form of prospective cohort observations at Dr. Moewardi Hospital between April 2021 and May 2022. This study observed changes in estradiol levels before and after adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients. The inclusion criteria were breast cancer patients who had undergone modified radical mastectomy or simple mastectomy, planned to undergo six cycles of chemotherapy, and had never received hormonal therapy or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The exclusion criteria were comorbidities or conditions that could increase estradiol levels; patients lost to follow-up, namely, chemotherapy was not on schedule; incomplete chemotherapy; and death during chemotherapy.
Primary data collection included age, sex, and risk factors for breast cancer. Data on cancer included cancer stage, cell type, grade, subtype, and chemotherapy regimen. The estradiol levels were taken in the morning regarding the patient’s menopausal status, with normal values of 90 - 270 pg/mL using the DRG Estradiol ELISA, an immunoassay enzyme used for measuring the in vitro diagnostic quantity of estradiol in serum and plasma [6 ]. The estradiol levels were taken twice. The first was before the patient underwent the first cycle, and the second was 3 weeks after the patient went through the sixth cycle of chemotherapy.
Primary data collection included age, sex, and risk factors for breast cancer. Data on cancer included cancer stage, cell type, grade, subtype, and chemotherapy regimen. The estradiol levels were taken in the morning regarding the patient’s menopausal status, with normal values of 90 - 270 pg/mL using the DRG Estradiol ELISA, an immunoassay enzyme used for measuring the in vitro diagnostic quantity of estradiol in serum and plasma [6 ]. The estradiol levels were taken twice. The first was before the patient underwent the first cycle, and the second was 3 weeks after the patient went through the sixth cycle of chemotherapy.
Breast
Cells
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Diagnosis
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Enzymes
Estradiol
Immunoassay
Malignant Neoplasm of Breast
Malignant Neoplasms
Menopause
Modified Radical Mastectomy
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Patients
Pharmacotherapy
Plasma
Serum
Simple Mastectomy
Staging, Cancer
Therapeutics
Treatment Protocols
This study involved a retrospective chart review of a prospectively maintained database and was approved by the respective Institutional Review Board (IRB No. 3-2022-0162). We identified patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer, who had undergone mastectomy with DTI breast reconstruction at our hospital between August 2011 and June 2021. The exclusion criteria were previous breast surgery, refusal to sign the consent form, previous radiotherapy, follow-up period < 6 months, and missing data for the pertinent variables.
Each breast was considered individually and categorized according to the type of implant surface as textured anatomical implant or smooth round implant. The implant brands used were Mentor MemoryGel (Mentor Worldwide LLC, Irvine, USA), Allegan (Allergan plc, Dublin, Ireland), and BellaGel (Hans Biomed Corp., Seoul, Korea). Patient demographics, operative characteristics, radiation therapy, medical oncology treatments, and relevant data for the analysis of risk factors were collected by reviewing the medical records. The parameters included age, body mass index (BMI), pathologic tumor stage, mastectomy type (nipple-sparing, skin-sparing, or total mastectomy), axillary surgery (sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection), implant size, implant insertion plane, ADM use, laterality, number of dissected lymph nodes or positive lymph nodes, chemotherapy (neoadjuvant or adjuvant), target therapy (trastuzumab), hormone therapy, radiotherapy, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus or hypertension), smoking (non-smoker, ex-smoker, or active smoker), follow-up duration, and drainage duration. Furthermore, complications including capsular contracture, infection, seroma, hematoma, implant rupture, implant exposure, rippling, implant malposition, and nipple-areolar complex (NAC) necrosis were analyzed. Capsular contracture was evaluated by reconstruction surgeons. Any incidence of clinically relevant capsular contracture, defined as Spear–Baker grade III or IV, occurring during the study period was recorded.
Variables were compared between the groups using Pearson χ2 test or Fisher exact test to examine the associations of the categorical variables. The independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for continuous variables. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk factors associated with the development of complications and capsular contracture. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using a stepwise model selection method to predict the risk factors for overall complications and capsular contracture based on the age, BMI, pathologic tumor stage, mastectomy type, axillary surgery, implant-based breast reconstruction (size, surface, and insertion plane), number of positive lymph nodes, number of dissected lymph nodes, neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, target treatment, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, comorbidities of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, smoking, drainage duration, and follow-up duration. Further subgroup analyses were conducted to determine whether the impact of the implant surface on the risk of capsular contracture varies with higher BMI or adjuvant radiotherapy after adjusting for risk factors. We divided the patients into the following two BMI categories according to the World Health Organization classification: < 25 kg/m2 and ≥ 25 kg/m2. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. All statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (version 24.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA).
Each breast was considered individually and categorized according to the type of implant surface as textured anatomical implant or smooth round implant. The implant brands used were Mentor MemoryGel (Mentor Worldwide LLC, Irvine, USA), Allegan (Allergan plc, Dublin, Ireland), and BellaGel (Hans Biomed Corp., Seoul, Korea). Patient demographics, operative characteristics, radiation therapy, medical oncology treatments, and relevant data for the analysis of risk factors were collected by reviewing the medical records. The parameters included age, body mass index (BMI), pathologic tumor stage, mastectomy type (nipple-sparing, skin-sparing, or total mastectomy), axillary surgery (sentinel lymph node biopsy or axillary lymph node dissection), implant size, implant insertion plane, ADM use, laterality, number of dissected lymph nodes or positive lymph nodes, chemotherapy (neoadjuvant or adjuvant), target therapy (trastuzumab), hormone therapy, radiotherapy, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus or hypertension), smoking (non-smoker, ex-smoker, or active smoker), follow-up duration, and drainage duration. Furthermore, complications including capsular contracture, infection, seroma, hematoma, implant rupture, implant exposure, rippling, implant malposition, and nipple-areolar complex (NAC) necrosis were analyzed. Capsular contracture was evaluated by reconstruction surgeons. Any incidence of clinically relevant capsular contracture, defined as Spear–Baker grade III or IV, occurring during the study period was recorded.
Variables were compared between the groups using Pearson χ2 test or Fisher exact test to examine the associations of the categorical variables. The independent t-test or Mann-Whitney U test was used for continuous variables. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the risk factors associated with the development of complications and capsular contracture. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed using a stepwise model selection method to predict the risk factors for overall complications and capsular contracture based on the age, BMI, pathologic tumor stage, mastectomy type, axillary surgery, implant-based breast reconstruction (size, surface, and insertion plane), number of positive lymph nodes, number of dissected lymph nodes, neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, target treatment, hormone therapy, radiotherapy, comorbidities of diabetes mellitus or hypertension, smoking, drainage duration, and follow-up duration. Further subgroup analyses were conducted to determine whether the impact of the implant surface on the risk of capsular contracture varies with higher BMI or adjuvant radiotherapy after adjusting for risk factors. We divided the patients into the following two BMI categories according to the World Health Organization classification: < 25 kg/m2 and ≥ 25 kg/m2. Statistical significance was set at p-value < 0.05. All statistical analyses were conducted using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (version 24.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, USA).
Areola
Axilla
Breast
Capsule
Chemotherapy, Adjuvant
Contracture
Diabetes Mellitus
Drainage
Ex-Smokers
Functional Laterality
Hematoma
High Blood Pressures
Hormones
Index, Body Mass
Infection
Kidney Papillary Necrosis
Lymph Node Dissection
Malignant Neoplasm of Breast
Mammaplasty
Mastectomy
Mentors
Neoadjuvant Therapy
Neoplasms
Nipples
Nodes, Lymph
Non-Smokers
Operative Surgical Procedures
Patients
Pharmaceutical Adjuvants
Pharmacotherapy
Radiotherapy
Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
Reconstructive Surgical Procedures
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy
Seroma
Simple Mastectomy
Skin
Surgeons
Therapeutics
Thoracic Surgical Procedures
Trastuzumab
Data were collected from 766 patients with breast cancer treated with total mastectomy (TM)/NSM + immediate breast reconstruction (IBR) between January 2016 and January 2021 at a single institute. The exclusion criteria: (1) unclear NAC pathological results, (2) abnormal clinical NAC (inverted nipples, ulcer changes, eczematoid changes, and palpable masses behind the nipple) [21 (link)], (3) incomplete imaging data of MG and US, and (4) neoadjuvant chemotherapy. According to these criteria, a total of 578 patients who underwent TM between January 2016 and January 2020 formed the development cohort, and those who underwent NSM + IBR between January 2020 and January 2021 formed the validation cohort to confirm the model’s performance (Fig. 1 ).![]()
Study flowchart showing patients in development cohort and validation cohort
Full text: Click here
Breast Carcinoma
Carcinoma in Situ
Eczema
ERBB2 protein, human
Estrogen Receptors
Malignant Neoplasms
Mammaplasty
Menopause
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Neoplasms
Neoplasms by Site
Nipple Discharge
Nipples
Patients
Receptors, Progesterone
Simple Mastectomy
Ulcer
A single-center, prospective, comparative, patient-reported outcomes study was performed in patients who underwent fat grafting as an ancillary treatment after breast reconstruction at the Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal. This study was approved by the institutional ethics review board, and recruited patients scheduled for fat grafting after breast reconstruction between February 2016 and July 2018.
The same group of plastic surgeons performed all procedures. The indications for lipofilling were one or more of the following: hollowness (cavity), deformity (disruption of the form or shape of the breast), asymmetry, volume deficit, visible implant, rippling, or lack of projection.
Eligible patients included patients aged 18 years and older with an indication of fat grafting after breast-conserving surgery or total mastectomy with an implant or flap-based reconstruction. Patients who did not provide consent for the study, did not complete preoperative and postoperative BREAST-Q questionnaires, or were lost to follow-up were excluded.
The same group of plastic surgeons performed all procedures. The indications for lipofilling were one or more of the following: hollowness (cavity), deformity (disruption of the form or shape of the breast), asymmetry, volume deficit, visible implant, rippling, or lack of projection.
Eligible patients included patients aged 18 years and older with an indication of fat grafting after breast-conserving surgery or total mastectomy with an implant or flap-based reconstruction. Patients who did not provide consent for the study, did not complete preoperative and postoperative BREAST-Q questionnaires, or were lost to follow-up were excluded.
Breast
Breast-Conserving Surgery
Congenital Abnormality
Dental Caries
Mammaplasty
Patients
Reconstructive Surgical Procedures
Simple Mastectomy
Surgeons
Surgical Flaps
A total mastectomy will be performed in the control breast: a procedure which includes removal of the breast glandular tissue including the PF and subcutaneously excision of the nipple–areolar complex, while the pectoralis muscle will be spared. As much of the healthy skin envelope will be preserved to enable the performance of an effective breast reconstruction afterwards. When a nipple-sparing mastectomy is performed, the skin envelope together with the nipple–areolar complex will be spared. The investigational part of the operation is preservation of the PF. Dissection of cutaneous flaps and the breast with or without the PF will be performed with electrocautery. In the breast that is randomised to PF removal, the PF will be removed by electrocautery according to standard procedure. The procedure will be followed by an immediate reconstruction, either an autologous or implant-based reconstruction. In case of an implant-based reconstruction, the implants will be placed below the pectoral chest muscle (retropectoral). A closed suction drain will be placed bilaterally in the surgical wound bed at the end of the surgical procedure. The type of drain tube will be selected according to the attending surgeon’s preference. For wound closure, one or two layers of (absorbable) sutures will be placed. No compression bandage will be used. The institution’s guideline for drain removal will be followed postsurgery (see the section Outcome measurements).
Areola
Biologic Preservation
Breast
Chest
Compression Bandages
Dissection
Electrocoagulation
Mammaplasty
Mammary Gland
Mastectomy
Nipples
Operative Surgical Procedures
Pectoralis Muscles
Reconstructive Surgical Procedures
Simple Mastectomy
Suction Drainage
Surgeons
Surgical Flaps
Surgical Wound
Sutures
Tissues
Wounds
Top products related to «Simple Mastectomy»
Sourced in United States, Austria, Japan, Belgium, United Kingdom, Cameroon, China, Denmark, Canada, Israel, New Caledonia, Germany, Poland, India, France, Ireland, Australia
SAS 9.4 is an integrated software suite for advanced analytics, data management, and business intelligence. It provides a comprehensive platform for data analysis, modeling, and reporting. SAS 9.4 offers a wide range of capabilities, including data manipulation, statistical analysis, predictive modeling, and visual data exploration.
Sourced in United States
Perilipin is a lipid droplet-associated protein that regulates the storage and mobilization of cellular lipids. It serves as a core structural component of lipid droplets and plays a crucial role in the regulation of lipolysis.
Ab28364 is a laboratory equipment product. It is a device used for scientific analysis and measurement.
Sourced in United States, Canada
The CL8942AP is a laboratory centrifuge designed for general-purpose applications. It features a compact design and can accommodate various sample sizes and volumes. The centrifuge provides reliable performance for routine sample preparation and separation tasks.
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, France, Japan, Italy, Denmark, Morocco, Canada
The LSM 510 confocal microscope is a high-resolution imaging system designed for advanced microscopy applications. It utilizes laser scanning technology to capture detailed, three-dimensional images of samples with high contrast and resolution.
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Japan, Germany, France, Netherlands, Canada
Ab13970 is an antibody product manufactured by Abcam. The product is designed for use in laboratory research applications.
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Selenia Dimensions is a digital breast tomosynthesis system designed for mammography. It generates 3D images of the breast, allowing for more detailed analysis of breast tissue.
Sourced in United States
The Senographe DS is a digital mammography system designed for breast imaging. It utilizes advanced digital imaging technology to capture high-quality images of the breast for diagnostic purposes. The core function of the Senographe DS is to provide healthcare professionals with the necessary imaging data to assist in the detection and diagnosis of breast-related conditions.
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Denmark, Belgium, Spain, Canada, Austria
Stata 12.0 is a comprehensive statistical software package designed for data analysis, management, and visualization. It provides a wide range of statistical tools and techniques to assist researchers, analysts, and professionals in various fields. Stata 12.0 offers capabilities for tasks such as data manipulation, regression analysis, time-series analysis, and more. The software is available for multiple operating systems.
Sourced in United States, Japan
The U6382 is a piece of laboratory equipment manufactured by Merck Group. It is designed for general laboratory use. The core function of the U6382 is to provide a standardized platform for various laboratory procedures.
More about "Simple Mastectomy"
Simple mastectomy, also known as total mastectomy or radical mastectomy, is a common surgical procedure used to treat breast cancer.
This procedure involves the complete removal of the entire breast, including the nipple, areola, and surrounding tissue.
It is often recommended for early-stage breast cancer patients, as it helps minimize the risk of the cancer spreading and can improve overall outcomes.
The surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia, and may also involve the removal of some lymph nodes in the underarm area.
Patients may experience some pain, swelling, and bruising after the procedure, and it's important to follow their healthcare provider's instructions for post-operative care and attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor their health.
Similar surgical procedures include modified radical mastectomy, which also removes the lymph nodes, and skin-sparing mastectomy, which preserves more of the skin.
Breast reconstruction surgery is often an option for patients after a mastectomy, using techniques like tissue expanders, implants, or autologous tissue transfer.
Researchers and clinicians may utilize various tools and technologies in the assessment and treatment of breast cancer, such as the SAS 9.4 statistical software, the Perilipin protein involved in adipocyte metabolism, the Ab28364 and Ab13970 antibodies, the CL8942AP cell line, the LSM 510 confocal microscope, the Selenia Dimensions and Senographe DS mammography systems, and the Stata 12.0 data analysis software.
These resources can help optimize research protocols, improve diagnostic capabilities, and enhance patient outcomes related to simple mastectomy and other breast cancer treatments.
This procedure involves the complete removal of the entire breast, including the nipple, areola, and surrounding tissue.
It is often recommended for early-stage breast cancer patients, as it helps minimize the risk of the cancer spreading and can improve overall outcomes.
The surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia, and may also involve the removal of some lymph nodes in the underarm area.
Patients may experience some pain, swelling, and bruising after the procedure, and it's important to follow their healthcare provider's instructions for post-operative care and attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor their health.
Similar surgical procedures include modified radical mastectomy, which also removes the lymph nodes, and skin-sparing mastectomy, which preserves more of the skin.
Breast reconstruction surgery is often an option for patients after a mastectomy, using techniques like tissue expanders, implants, or autologous tissue transfer.
Researchers and clinicians may utilize various tools and technologies in the assessment and treatment of breast cancer, such as the SAS 9.4 statistical software, the Perilipin protein involved in adipocyte metabolism, the Ab28364 and Ab13970 antibodies, the CL8942AP cell line, the LSM 510 confocal microscope, the Selenia Dimensions and Senographe DS mammography systems, and the Stata 12.0 data analysis software.
These resources can help optimize research protocols, improve diagnostic capabilities, and enhance patient outcomes related to simple mastectomy and other breast cancer treatments.