> Procedures > Therapeutic or Preventive Procedure > Thoracentesis

Thoracentesis

Thoracentesis is a medical procedure used to remove fluid from the space between the lining of the lung (pleura) and the chest wall.
This is done to diagnose or treat conditions such as pleural effusions, which can cause breathing difficulties.
During the procedure, a thin needle or catheter is inserted between the ribs to withdraw the excess fluid.
Thoracentesis is generally considered a safe and effective way to relieve symptoms and obtain fluid samples for further analysis.
Proper technique and precautions are important to minimize the risk of complications like pneumothorax (collapsed lung).

Most cited protocols related to «Thoracentesis»

Optimized Organoid Culture from Liquid and Solid Tumors

Cited 7 times

Pleural effusion fluid was obtained immediately at the time of thoracentesis and was spun at 1000 RPM to create a cell pellet. The pellet was washed two to three times in Red Blood Cell lysis buffer (Biolegend Catalog number 420301), washed once in basal culture media [ (Advanced DMEM/F12 (Thermo Fisher 12634028), supplemented with 1% penicillin streptomycin, 1X Glutamax (Life Technologies Catalog number 35050061), and 1% HEPES (Life Technologies Catalog number 15630080)], and the cell pellet was allocated for WES, histology, and organoid generation. For solid tumors, the tumor was acquired immediately during the surgery. Some fresh tumor was snap frozen for later WES or fixed immediately in 10% formalin for later histologic analysis. Remaining tumor tissue was transported to the laboratory in basal culture media. The tumor was diced into approximately 2 mm sections and then crushed with the butt of a syringe. This homogenate was then poured into basal culture media containing Type II Collagenase (Life Technologies # 17101015) at a final concentration of 2.5mg/mL. The homogenate was shaken at 37°C for no longer than 30 minutes. The homogenate was then diluted 1:1 with basal culture media and filtered through a 70uM filter (Falcon Catalog number 352350). The cell suspension was then spun at 1000RPM to create a cell pellet. The pellet was washed with red blood cell lysis buffer two to three times, and then washed once with basal culture media.
For general culture, once a pellet of either liquid or solid tumor cells was obtained, the cells were mixed with growth factor reduced Matrigel (Corning Catalog number CB-40230C), with the final concentration of Matrigel at 75%, and there were approximately 10,000 or more cells/cell groups per 10uL droplet of Matrigel. The suspension was then rapidly plated into a 48-well plate with 15uL of suspension per well. Once the Matrigel was solidified, 250uL of general culture medium was added to each well. General culture medium was composed of Advanced DMEM/F12, supplemented with 1% penicillin streptomycin, 1X Glutamax, 1% HEPES, 100 ng/mL R-spondin 1 (Peprotech catalog number 120–38), 100 ng/mL Noggin (Peprotech catalog number 120–10C), 50 ng/mL EGF (Peprotech catalog number 100–15), 10 ng/mL FGF-10 (Peprotech catalog number 100–26), 10 ng/mL FGF2 (Peprotech catalog number 100–18B), 1× B27 (Life Technologies Catalog number 17504044), 10 mM Nicotinamide (Sigma Aldrich Catalog Number N0636), 1.25mM N-acetylcysteine (Sigma Aldrich catalog number A9165), 1uM Prostaglandin E2 (Catalog number R&D Systems Catalog number 2296), 10uM SB202190 (Sigma Aldrich Catalog number S7076), and 500nm A83–01 (Sigma Aldrich catalog number SML0788). Y-27632 dihydrochloride (AbMole Bioscience Catalog number M1817) was initially tested in early passage organoid cultures at a concentration of 10uM but eventually deemed unnecessary for culture maintenance. Overall tissue digestion and cell plating were similar to that described in Drost, et al 2016 (14 (link)).

Hill S.J., Decker B., Roberts E.A., Horowitz N.S., Muto M.G., Worley MJ J.r., Feltmate C.M., Nucci M.R., Swisher E.M., Nguyen H., Yang C., Morizane R., Kochupurakkal B.S., Do K.T., Konstantinopoulos P.A., Liu J.F., Bonventre J.V., Matulonis U.A., Shapiro G.I., Berkowitz R.S., Crum C.P, & D’Andrea A.D. (2018). Prediction of DNA Repair Inhibitor Response in Short Term Patient-Derived Ovarian Cancer Organoids. Cancer discovery, 8(11), 1404-1421.

Publication 2018

A-83-01 Acetylcysteine Buffers Cells Collagenase Culture Media Digestion Dinoprostone Erythrocytes Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Formalin Freezing Growth Factor HEPES matrigel Neoplasms Niacinamide noggin protein Operative Surgical Procedures Organoids Penicillins Pleural Effusion SB 202190 Streptomycin Syringes Thoracentesis Tissues Y 27632

Bilateral Thoracentesis Outcomes in Pleural Effusions

Cited 6 times

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Publication 2012

Cells Chest Chlorhexidine Cytological Techniques Diagnosis Drainage Echocardiography Edema Ethics Committees, Research Flow Cytometry Glucose Head Inpatient Lactate Dehydrogenase Light Lung Lymphoma Malignant Neoplasms Operative Surgical Procedures Outpatients Paracentesis Patients Pleura Pleural Cavity Pleural Effusion Pneumothorax Proteins Radiography, Thoracic Radiologist Respiratory Diaphragm Skin Sterility, Reproductive Therapeutics Thoracentesis Ultrasonics Wall, Chest X-Rays, Diagnostic

Surveillance of Pneumonia and Related Infections

Cited 4 times

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Publication 2017

ARID1A protein, human Aspiration Pneumonia Blood Culture Child Diagnosis Digital Radiography Ethics Committees Hypersensitivity Inpatient Institutional Ethics Committees Joints Latex Fixation Tests Legal Guardians Malaria Meningitis Nurses Optoquine Outpatients Oximetry Parent Patients Pleural Effusion Pneumonia Pulse Rate Punctures, Lumbar Radiography, Thoracic Radiologist Septicemia Signs and Symptoms Streptococcus pneumoniae Test, Quick Thoracentesis Transmission, Communicable Disease Vaccination X-Rays, Diagnostic

Exosome Profiling in Pancreaticobiliary Cancers

Cited 4 times

Three patients with pancreaticobiliary cancers were included in our study (supplementary Table S1, available at Annals of Oncology online), and each was consented following institutional review board approval (PA15-014). Case LBx01 is a 57-year-old man who initially presented with stage IIA PDAC. Fifteen months after surgical metastatectomy, the patient developed evidence of pleural effusion, and therapeutic thoracentesis yielded 800 ml of pleural fluid from which exosomes were isolated using a serial ultracentrifugation protocol (supplementary Figure S1, available at Annals of Oncology online) and downstream whole genome, exome and RNA sequencing using an Illumina HiSeq 2500 were performed for tumor profiling. Case LBx02 is a 68-year-old woman with PDAC primary and hepatic metastases. Thirty milliliter of whole blood was collected via blood draw before initiation of chemotherapy and exosomes were isolated for tumor profiling. Case LBx03 is a 74-year-old man who underwent an upfront pancreaticoduodenectomy for an ampullary mass. Final pathology confirmed a stage IIB pancreatobiliary type adenocarcinoma of the ampulla. Thirty milliliter of peripheral whole blood was collected and plasma exosomes were isolated for tumor profiling. See supplementary Methods, available at Annals of Oncology online, for our liquid biopsy workflow and sequencing analysis details.

San Lucas F.A., Allenson K., Bernard V., Castillo J., Kim D.U., Ellis K., Ehli E.A., Davies G.E., Petersen J.L., Li D., Wolff R., Katz M., Varadhachary G., Wistuba I., Maitra A, & Alvarez H. (2015). Minimally invasive genomic and transcriptomic profiling of visceral cancers by next-generation sequencing of circulating exosomes. Annals of Oncology, 27(4), 635-641.

Publication 2015

Adenocarcinoma Anophthalmia with pulmonary hypoplasia Blood Ethics Committees, Research Exome Exosomes Genome Liquid Biopsy Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Operative Surgical Procedures Pancreaticoduodenectomy Patients Pharmacotherapy Plasma Pleura Pleural Effusion Sequence Analysis Therapeutics Thoracentesis Ultracentrifugation Woman

Comprehensive Pneumonia Surveillance in Gambia

Cited 3 times

The surveillance methods have been described previously.5 (link), 6 (link), 7 In brief, nurses assessed all outpatients and inpatients at all health facilities in the BHDSS using standardised criteria for referral to clinicians in Basse (appendix p 24). For referred patients, clinicians then applied standardised criteria to identify patients with suspected pneumonia, septicaemia, or meningitis and requested blood culture, lumbar puncture, or chest radiography (appendix pp 25–26). Aspiration of pleural fluid or lung aspiration was done for selected patients. Each year, rapid malaria tests (ICT Diagnostics, Cape Town, South Africa) were done on all enrolled patients from August to December (the malaria transmission season). Surveillance was interrupted between Oct 5 and Nov 3, 2010 because of flooding. Radiographs were done according to WHO recommendations⁸ and interpreted by two independent reviewers, with readings discordant for radiological endpoint consolidation resolved by a third reviewer.
Specimens were processed in Basse with standard methods.⁹ (link)
S pneumoniae was identified by colony morphology and optochin sensitivity. Pneumococcal isolates were serotyped at the WHO Regional Reference Laboratory (Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia [MRC], Fajara, The Gambia), using latex agglutination with factor-specific and group-specific antisera.⁵ (link) Serotypes 6A and 6B were differentiated from 6C by PCR.¹⁰ (link) Basse and Fajara laboratories submit to external quality assurance (UK National External Quality Assessment Service [Sheffield, UK] and OneWorld Accuracy International, Canada).
The Gambia Government/MRC Joint Ethics Committee (number 1087) and the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine ethics committee approved the study. Parents or guardians gave written informed consent for all surveillance procedures.

Mackenzie G.A., Hill P.C., Jeffries D.J., Ndiaye M., Sahito S.M., Hossain I., Uchendu U., Ameh D., Adeyemi O., Pathirana J., Olatunji Y., Abatan B., Muhammad B.S., Ahameefula E., Fombah A.E., Adeshola B., Lobga B.G., Saha D., Mackenzie R., Odutola A., Plumb I.D., Akano A., Ebruke B.E., Ideh R.C., Kuti B., Githua P., Olutunde E., Ofordile O., Green E., Usuf E., Badji H., Ikumapayi U.N., Manjang A., Salaudeen R., Nsekpong E.D., Jarju S., Antonio M., Sambou S., Ceesay L., Lowe-Jallow Y., Fofana S., Jasseh M., Mulholland K., Knoll M., Levine O.S., Howie S.R., Adegbola R.A., Greenwood B.M, & Corrah T. (2021). Impact of the introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia in The Gambia: 10 years of population-based surveillance. The Lancet. Infectious Diseases, 21(9), 1293-1302.

Publication 2021

Aspiration Pneumonia Blood Culture Diagnosis Ethics Committees Hypersensitivity Immune Sera Inpatient Joints Latex Fixation Tests Legal Guardians Malaria Meningitis Nurses Optoquine Outpatients Parent Patients Pneumonia Punctures, Lumbar Radiography, Thoracic Septicemia Streptococcus pneumoniae Test, Quick Thoracentesis Transmission, Communicable Disease X-Rays, Diagnostic

Most recents protocols related to «Thoracentesis»

Empyema Treatment Outcomes and Dental Evaluation

This study included 63 patients hospitalized for empyema treatment between January 2017 and July 2022 at Kakogawa Central City Hospital. Light’s classification was used to diagnose empyema [18 (link)]. In brief, 1) aspiration of grossly purulent material on thoracentesis and 2) at least one of the following: a) thoracentesis fluid with a positive Gram stain or culture, b) pleural fluid glucose <40 mg/dL, c) pH <7.2, or d)- lactate dehydrogenase >1000 IU/L [18 (link)]. The exclusion criteria were as follows: patients under 20 years old, those who did not undergo pleural puncture for some reason, those who did not wish to participate after the publication of this study, and those with missing data that were needed in this study. Patients with confirmed empyema underwent various tests such as blood tests, and were treated with antibiotics and chest tube drainage. They also underwent dental examinations, including panoramic dental radiography and oral photography, within days after hospitalization and dental treatments, if needed, during hospitalization.
This study was performed in accordance with the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Boards (IRB) of Kakogawa Central City Hospital (Authorization number: 2020–46). The ethics committee approved the study and gave administrative permissions to access the data used in this study. As this was a retrospective study, the research plan was published on the homepage of the hospital according to the instructions of the IRB in accordance with the guaranteed opt-out opportunity.

Iwata E., Nishiuma T., Hori S., Sugiura K., Taki M., Tokunaga S., Kusumoto J., Hasegawa T., Tachibana A, & Akashi M. (2023). Relationship between oral health and prognosis in patients with empyema: Single center retrospective study with propensity score matching analysis. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282191.

Publication 2023

Antibiotics, Antitubercular Chest Tubes Dental Care Dental Health Services Diagnosis Drainage Empyema Ethics Committees Ethics Committees, Research Glucose Gram's stain Hematologic Tests Hospitalization Lactate Dehydrogenase Light Panoramic Radiography Patients Physical Examination Pleura Punctures Radiography, Dental Thoracentesis

Dyspnea Interventions in Metastatic NSCLC

All baseline covariates were measured at the time of diagnosis, including age and sex. Immigration status was defined as “immigrant” for patients who immigrated to or held refugee status in Canada. The Rurality Index scores a patient’s primary place of residence on a scale of 0–100 depending on population size, density, and health care resource availability. An increasing score represents more rural inhabitation, with a score of 0–9, 10–44, and 45+ corresponding to “major urban”, “non-major urban”, and “rural” inhabitation, respectively. The neighborhood income quintiles were categorized according to the median income of a patient’s postal code. Medical comorbidities were assessed using the Elixhauser comorbidity index (ECI) based on health service usage within 24 months of NSCLC diagnosis. The ECI was selected as it was an index specifically designed to be used with administrative databases and derived from International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes (11 (link)). Low comorbidity burden was defined as 0–3, whereas greater values indicated a high burden (12 (link),13 (link)). Quintiles were assigned for patients based on the four dimensions of the Ontario Marginalization Index: ethnic diversity, residential instability (home security and ownership), material deprivation (income, education, and single parent families), and dependency (workforce eligibility) (14 (link)). Interventions for dyspnea examined include airway stenting, pleurodesis, thoracentesis, thoracic radiotherapy, and palliative care referral.
The primary outcomes of interest were the receipt of interventions at any time from metastatic NSCLC diagnosis to the end of follow-up, as well as the receipt of dyspnea-directed interventions. Endpoints were stratified by the exposure variable of ESAS dyspnea score. A moderate-to-severe dyspnea score was defined as ≥4 out of 10 consistent with our initial report and literature cutoffs; otherwise, patients were considered to have a low score (7 (link),10 (link),15 (link)). Furthermore, we characterized the interventions received for patients reporting moderate-to-severe dyspnea score(s) and their association with baseline covariates in an exploratory manner.

Yan M., Tjong M., Chan W.C., Darling G., Delibasic V., Davis L.E., Doherty M., Hallet J., Kidane B., Mahar A., Mittmann N., Parmar A., Tan V., Tan H., Wright F.C., Coburn N.G, & Louie A.V. (2023). Dyspnea in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer: a population-based analysis of disease burden and patterns of care. Journal of Thoracic Disease, 15(2), 494-506.

Publication 2023

ARID1A protein, human Diagnosis Dyspnea Eligibility Determination Immigrants Manpower Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Palliative Care Patients Pleurodesis Radiotherapy Refugees Secure resin cement Single-Parent Family Thoracentesis

Establishment of Patient-Derived Organoid Cultures

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Publication 2023

Amphotericin B Antibiotics, Antitubercular Cells Collagenase Common Cold Deoxyribonucleases dispase Eye Homo sapiens matrigel Neoplasms Organoids Patients Pellets, Drug Penicillins Sodium Chloride Sterility, Reproductive Streptomycin Thoracentesis Tissues Y 27632

Pleural Fluid Analysis Protocol

Immediately, or within 24 h after admission, 50 mL of pleural fluid was collected by thoracentesis following the granting of informed consent. Pleural fluid analyses, adenosine deaminase, and microbiological studies were conducted as routine.

Chen W.L., Lee K.L., Lai K.S., Tsai J.H., Hsiao S.H, & Chung C.L. (2023). Toll-like Receptor 2 Mediates VEGF Overexpression and Mesothelial Hyperpermeability in Tuberculous Pleural Effusion. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2846.

Publication 2023

ADA protein, human Pleura Thoracentesis

Pleural Fluid Sampling Procedures at NYU

Adult subjects who were planned to undergo any clinically indicated procedures for pleural fluid sampling at NYU Langone Medical Center were prospectively recruited between February 1999 and January 2021. These procedures included thoracentesis, indwelling pleural catheter placement, medical pleuroscopy, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, and open thoracotomy. Subjects with evidence of an infected pleural space or small cell lung cancer were excluded from analysis. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients prior to enrollment in the study. This study was approved by the New York University Institution Review Board (IRB# s16-01598). All experiments were performed in accordance with relevant named guidelines and regulations.
The procedures for pleural fluid collection were performed under sterile conditions in the standard fashion by experienced physicians. After an adequate volume of fluid was collected and sent for clinically-indicated tests, the remaining fluid was sterilely collected in test tubes with DNA-stabilizing solution and stored in secured freezers at − 80 °C. Corresponding background samples were collected prior to the procedure by swabbing sterile surgical equipment. Corresponding skin samples were also collected by swabbing the patient’s skin after preparation with antiseptic solution, per procedural protocol. These background and skin swab samples were collected in test tubes and stored in secured freezers at − 80 °C.
The subjects’ demographic and clinical information were collected by review of the electronic medical record. Periodic follow-up of these subjects was performed at predetermined intervals according to the IRB protocol and at time of specimen processing. At the time of specimen processing, the samples were thawed and tests were performed by blinded laboratory personnel. A timeline for each participant’s enrollment, sample collection date, and duration of follow-up is shown in Supplemental Fig. S5.

Kwok B., Wu B.G., Kocak I.F., Sulaiman I., Schluger R., Li Y., Anwer R., Goparaju C., Ryan D.J., Sagatelian M., Dreier M.S., Murthy V., Rafeq S., Michaud G.C., Sterman D.H., Bessich J.L., Pass H.I., Segal L.N, & Tsay J.C. (2023). Pleural fluid microbiota as a biomarker for malignancy and prognosis. Scientific Reports, 13, 2229.

Publication 2023

Adult Anti-Infective Agents, Local Indwelling Catheter Laboratory Personnel Patients Physicians Pleura Pleural Cavity Skin Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Specimen Collection Sterility, Reproductive Surgical Equipment Thoracentesis Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted Thoracoscopy Thoracotomy TimeLine

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Penicillin is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Penicillin functions by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.

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Streptomycin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor, targeting the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, which plays a crucial role in the translation of genetic information into proteins. Streptomycin is commonly used in microbiological research and applications that require selective inhibition of bacterial growth.

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L-glutamine is an amino acid that is commonly used as a dietary supplement and in cell culture media. It serves as a source of nitrogen and supports cellular growth and metabolism.

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More about "Thoracentesis"

Thoracentesis, also known as pleurocentesis or pleural tap, is a medical procedure used to remove excess fluid from the pleural space, the area between the lungs and the chest wall.
This procedure is often performed to diagnose or treat conditions such as pleural effusions, which can cause breathing difficulties.
During a thoracentesis, a thin needle or catheter is inserted between the ribs to withdraw the excess fluid.
This fluid can then be analyzed to help identify the underlying cause of the pleural effusion, such as infection, inflammation, or malignancy.
Thoracentesis is generally considered a safe and effective way to relieve symptoms and obtain fluid samples for further analysis.
However, it is important to follow proper technique and precautions to minimize the risk of complications, such as pneumothorax (collapsed lung) or bleeding.
Related terms and topics include: - Penicillin and Streptomycin: Antibiotics that may be used to treat infections causing pleural effusions - L-glutamine: An amino acid that can be used as a supplemental treatment for certain lung conditions - ELISA method: A laboratory technique that can be used to analyze pleural fluid samples - BD Vacutainer® Plus Plastic Serum Tubes: Specialized tubes used to collect and transport pleural fluid samples - BACTEC MGIT 960 system and Mycobacteria growth indicator tube 960 system: Automated systems used to detect and identify mycobacteria in pleural fluid samples - Beckman automatic biochemical apparatus: Laboratory equipment used to analyze various components of pleural fluid - PlasmoTest: A diagnostic test used to detect malaria, which can sometimes cause pleural effusions - Fetal calf serum: A supplement used in cell culture media, which may be used to analyze pleural fluid samples By understanding the insights gained from the MeSH term description and metadescription, researchers and healthcare providers can optimize their protocols for thoracentesis and enhance their ability to diagnose and treat pleural effusions effectively.