A SilasticTM silicone tubing (Dow Corning, 0.76 mm inner diameter, 1.65 mm outer diameter), primed and connected to a 1 ml syringe (Becton Dickinson) filled with saline and mounted on a syringe pump (Model 22, Harvard Apparatus), was attached to the Tuohy Borst’s side arm. ICP recording was activated immediately with the opening of the side arm and the start of the infusion of 200–240 μl of saline at one of the following rates: 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 μl/min. Each rate was tested in three different rats. Each of 4 rats was used for 3–4 serial tests allowing sufficient time between infusions as confirmed by the ICP relaxation to the baseline level. The quality of infusions was controlled by visual examination of the skin puncture site and all connections for the signs of leakages which were absent in all instances.
Model 22
Manufactured by Harvard Apparatus
Sourced in United States
The Model 22 is a precision syringe pump designed for a variety of laboratory applications. It features a microprocessor-controlled stepper motor that provides accurate and reproducible flow rates. The pump can accommodate syringes ranging from 0.5 μl to 140 ml, allowing for a wide range of flow rate capabilities. The unit includes a backlit LCD display and intuitive user interface for easy programming and operation.
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Lab products found in correlation
1 ml syringe, by BD (1 mentions)
23g needle, by BD (1 mentions)
10 ml syringe, by BD (1 mentions)
Env 008ct, by Med Associates (1 mentions)
Env 203, by Med Associates (1 mentions)
375 series single channel swivels, by Instech (1 mentions)
Hesi 2 probe, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Milli q gradient ultrapure water purification system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Syringe pump, by Harvard Apparatus (1 mentions)
8 protocols using model 22
1
Intracranial Pressure Measurement Protocol
2
Pressure Measurements using Saline Infusion
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The same pressure measurement set-up as in the in vivo study with monkeys was utilized. A 23G needle (Becton Dickinson) attached to the 60″ extension set polyvinyl chloride minibore tubing (Acacia) was inserted into the t-connector. The other side of the tubing was attached to the 10 ml syringe (Becton Dickinson) filled with saline and mounted on a syringe pump (Model 22, Harvard Apparatus). All lumens were primed with saline prior to pressure measurements. Infusion at one of the tested rates was initiated and lasted for 107.8 ± 37.3 s until the steady state pressure was established and recorded for 101.0 ± 37.2 s. When the infusion was completed, the pressure was allowed to return to the baseline level. 102.0 ± 42.5 s after the steady baseline recording, infusion at the next rate was performed. The following infusion rates were tested: 0.01, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5, 7.0,7.5, and 8.0 ml/min.
3
Operant Conditioning and Intravenous Injections
4
Ferrofluid Levitation Dynamics Characterization
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The ferrofluid manipulation was conducted with a 10 µL solution droplet containing nano ferromagnetic particles that were introduced into the levitation space via a syringe pump (Model 22, Harvard Apparatus, MA). For triggering the transformation of the ferrofluidic droplet, one permanent magnet was assembled to the top of the dynamic levitator system. The magnet field strength in the levitation space was measured by a teslameter (Model 3MH3, Senis AG, Switzerland). To record the fast movement or the deformation for the levitated particles, a high speed camera (S‐motion, AOS Technologies AG, Switzerland) was utilized with a frame rate of 500 fps. To obtain the movement trajectories, captured videos were processed in Image J software. Image reconstruction from the obtained videos was processed using Origin (OriginLab, Northampton, MA).
5
Characterizing TEM-1 Enzyme Variants by ESI-MS
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The molecular masses of the wild-type TEM-1 enzyme and the labelled and unlabelled V216C mutants were determined by ESI–MS. Each of the proteins was dissolved in 150 μl of 20 mM ammonium acetate buffer (pH 7.0) to a final concentration of 5–10 μM. The protein solutions were centrifuged to remove insoluble materials. ESI–MS measurements were performed on a Micromass Q-Tof-2™ spectrometer. The protein samples were mixed with 1% formic acid dissolved in acetonitrile (1: 1, v/v) and injected into the electrospray source by a syringe pump (Harvard Apparatus, model 22) at a flow rate of 5 μl min−1. The mass spectrometer was scanned over a range of 700–1600 m/z and the multiply charged protein ion peaks were detected. The capillary and cone voltage were set at 3 kV and 30 V, respectively. Nitrogen was used as the desolvation, cone and nebulizing gas. The nebulizing gas was fully opened. The flow rates of the desolvation gas and cone gas were set at 400 and 50 L·h−1, respectively. The m/z-axis was calibrated externally with 10 μM horse heart myoglobin (Mα=16950.5 Da). The raw multiply charged spectra were deconvoluted by the MassLynx 4.1 Transform Program.
6
Electrospray Generation of Aqueous Nanodrops
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Aqueous nanodrops
were produced from purified water using electrospray ionization (positive
ionization) via a HESI-II Probe (ThermoFisher Scientific, San Jose,
CA) adapted to the charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) instrument
inlet. The inner diameter of the stainless-steel ESI emitter was 0.1
mm. The emitter was oriented at 45° to the instrument axis and
was positioned ∼1.5 cm from the instrument inlet capillary.
A positive electrospray voltage of 4.0–4.7 kV was applied to
the emitter via an external high voltage power supply (Bertan Associates
Inc., Model 315B, Hicksville, NY). Deionized water, purified to a
resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm (at 25 °C) using a Milli-Q
Gradient ultrapure water purification system (Millipore, Billerica,
MA), was introduced to the ESI source at a flow rate of 600 μL
per hour using a 0.250 mL gastight Hamilton syringe coupled to a syringe
pump (Harvard Apparatus, Model 22, South Natick, MA). No unexpected
safety hazards were encountered. To reduce evaporation of water molecules
from the nanodrops in the early stage of the instrument, the temperature
of the heated capillary at the entrance of the instrument was set
to 80 °C, a value that is lower than the normal operating temperature,
typically between 120 and 140 °C.
were produced from purified water using electrospray ionization (positive
ionization) via a HESI-II Probe (ThermoFisher Scientific, San Jose,
CA) adapted to the charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) instrument
inlet. The inner diameter of the stainless-steel ESI emitter was 0.1
mm. The emitter was oriented at 45° to the instrument axis and
was positioned ∼1.5 cm from the instrument inlet capillary.
A positive electrospray voltage of 4.0–4.7 kV was applied to
the emitter via an external high voltage power supply (Bertan Associates
Inc., Model 315B, Hicksville, NY). Deionized water, purified to a
resistivity of 18.2 MΩ·cm (at 25 °C) using a Milli-Q
Gradient ultrapure water purification system (Millipore, Billerica,
MA), was introduced to the ESI source at a flow rate of 600 μL
per hour using a 0.250 mL gastight Hamilton syringe coupled to a syringe
pump (Harvard Apparatus, Model 22, South Natick, MA). No unexpected
safety hazards were encountered. To reduce evaporation of water molecules
from the nanodrops in the early stage of the instrument, the temperature
of the heated capillary at the entrance of the instrument was set
to 80 °C, a value that is lower than the normal operating temperature,
typically between 120 and 140 °C.
7
Fabrication of Hexagonal Boron Nitride-Silk Fibroin Nanofibers
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Dried silk fibroin (SF) fibers were dissolved in a formic acid solution with 4% w/v calcium chloride at a concentration of 0.15 g/mL. The SF solution was centrifuged to remove the undissolved residues at 5000 rpm for 10 min. h-BN was added into the solution at various weight ratios to have the BNSF blends with 5%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% of BN (For example, 5% suggests BNSF fibers consist of 95g silk protein and 5 g h-BN). The BNSF solution was shaken with a vortex mixer for 10 min. The thoroughly mixed BNSF solution was then electrospun into nanofibers at a voltage of 20 kV at room temperature and a relative humidity of about 50%. The solution flow rate was controlled at 20 µL/min using a syringe pump (Harvard Apparatus Model 22, Holliston, MA, USA). Electrospun samples were collected every 5 min between two parallel metal plates lined with aluminum foil, placed at 4 cm from the needle tip. The two parallel plates collecting design can help the solvent evaporate faster and slightly improve the alignment of the fibers as compared to that of the pad collector. In addition, free standing fiber mesh samples can be collected directly. The fibers were then dried in a vacuum oven at 40 °C for 24 h to remove the acid residues (verified by FTIR).
8
Controlled Bubble Growth Dynamics
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The bubble growth was controlled using a custom metal pipe (see Figure S1b-c ). The pipe had a diameter of 18 mm and a side inlet that was connected to a syringe pump (Harvard Apparatus). The rim of the top of the pipe was slightly grooved to maximize the contact surface with the bottom of the bubble. An aqueous solution of maple syrup (Maple Joe, Famille Michaud Apiculteur, Gan, France) and 0.05 wt% polyacrylamide (Saparan MG 500, The Dow Chemical Company, Midland, MI, USA) was used. Bubbles were created forming a film made of the solution on top of the pipe and placing the bottom on a glass Petri dish. The pipe was secured to the sample holder to prevent any possible movement during the measurements. Finally, a syringe pump (Harvard Apparatus, Model 22) was utilized to inflate the film and form a half bubble with a flow rate of 0.015 mL/s. A small amount of water was added onto the dish to avoid pumped-air leakage.
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