For experiments with optical stimulation (Fig. 1 , 3 , 5 , 6 , 7 , Fig. S1 , 4 , 5 ), testing conditions were equivalent to the final stage of training. Laser trains of yellow (560 nm for eNpHR3.0 or eArch3.0 activation) light consisting of 50Hz, 18-ms pulses (90% duty cycle) at an intensity of 8–12 mW (measured at tip of the optic fibers) were delivered via TTL triggered laser system (Omicron-Laserage, Dudenhofen, Germany) on a random subset of trials. Laser light intensity was calibrated prior to each testing session using a laser power meter (Thorlabs, NJ, USA). Because behavior and recording systems were automated and stimulus sequence and optogenetic manipulations varied on a trial by trial basis, researchers were not blinded to trial type. Laser was turned on either during delay and the tone presentation (Fig. 5 , 6 , 7 , Fig. S4 , 5 ) or during the delay period (Fig. 1 ,3 , Fig. S1 , 2 ) of pseudo-randomly selected subsets of trials.
Laser power meter
Manufactured by Thorlabs
Sourced in United States
The Laser Power Meter is a device used to measure the power output of laser sources. It provides accurate and reliable measurements of laser power, ensuring precise characterization of laser performance.
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Lab products found in correlation
6 protocols using laser power meter
1
Optical Stimulation Protocol for Neuroscience Research
2
STED Imaging of SNAP25 Proteins
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STED images were obtained using the Abberior Quad Scan Super-Resolution Microscope. Before imaging, a laser power meter (Thorlabs) was used to measure and set the energy levels of the lasers used (approximately 1 μW for excitation, approximately 5 mW for depletion). Images (pixel size: 50 nm; 1,400 × 1,400 pixels) of endogenous SNAP25 were obtained using the Abberior STAR580 excitation and emission settings (561 nm excitation/775 nm depletion) of the Imspector software. For images of SNAP25(1100), we used the Abberior STAR635P settings (640 nm/775 nm depletion). Dwell time was set to 10.00 μs and line averaging to 2.
3
Laser Welding of Dye-Infused Plastic Samples
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Example 5
Welds of plastic samples imbued with croconic acid dye, as well as samples imbued with the combination of a commercially available plastic dye in combination with croconic acid dye was laser-welded using a solid state laser emitting at 808 nm. The croconic acid dye used was 2,5-bis[4-(N,N.-didecylamino)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-croconaine dye.
The laser used was a Coherent FAB-800 fiber coupled laser run at 15 W optical power, as determined by a Thorlabs laser power meter. The plastic pieces to be welded were held in place using a mechanical fixture, and the fixture and the plastic parts were placed on a programmable linear table, with the speed selectable up to 50 mm per second. Welds obtained showed good adhesion and strength.
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4
Live Embryo Confocal Imaging Protocol
5
Live Imaging of Drosophila Embryo Mitosis
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Imaging was performed on an Olympus IX70 microscope equipped with PerkinElmer Ultraview Vox confocal system. Movies following the mid-blastula transition in nc14 were acquired with a 60x/1.40 oil objective; all other movies were acquired using a 100x/1.40 oil objective. With the 100x objective, a field of 67 × 67 µm was recorded, which contains about 20–30 nuclei in cycle 12 embryos and about 40–60 nuclei in cycle 13 embryos. Data were acquired using Volocity 6 software (Quorum Technologies). Pixel binning was set to 2 × 2 for imaging of live embryos and 1 × 1 for fixed samples. Focal planes with a 0.5–0.75 μm z-step were recorded at each timepoint. In dual-color imaging, sequential acquisition was performed through channels first then z-planes. Fluorophores were excited with 488 and 561 nm laser lines. Appropriate emission filters were used in most cases. When imaging sfGFP-dBrd4 and mCherry-Rpb1 at higher frame rate (10 s), the “fast sequential” mode without applying emission filters was used, and care was taken to make sure that there was negligible bleed through under the acquisition setting. Images in the same set of experiments were acquired using the same configuration, and laser power was calibrated using a laser power meter (Thorlabs) before each imaging session.
6
Live Embryo Confocal Imaging Protocol
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Imaging of live or fixed embryos was performed on an Olympus IX70 microscope equipped with PerkinElmer Ultraview Vox confocal system. All experiments were performed at room temperature with 63x or 100x oil objective, and binning was set to 1x1 or 2x2 depending on the experiments. Data were acquired using Volocity 6 software (Quorum Technologies). Fluorophores were excited with 488, 561, and 640 nm laser lines and imaged with proper emission filters. Focal planes each 0.5–0.75 μm apart were recorded at each timepoint, spanning 3–10.5 μm across the nuclei at the surface of the embryos. Images in the same set of experiments were acquired using the same configuration, and laser power was calibrated using a laser power meter (Thorlabs) before each imaging session.
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