All surgical procedures were performed by a single operator (PC).
After local anesthesia with articaine hydrochloride 1:100,000 (Ubistesin 40 mg/mL, 3M ESPE, Milan, Italy), the hopeless teeth were extracted a-traumatically, maintaining the integrity of the fresh socket and, specifically, the buccal bone wall (Figure 2 ).
A periodontal probe (Hu-Friedy PGF-GFS, Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL, USA) was used to confirm the integrity of the four socket walls. All experimental sites displayed no fenestration or dehiscence, and no regenerative procedures were completed at any of the sites.
The implant sites were prepared according to the manufacturer’s (CSR implant System, Sweden & Martina, Due Carrare, Padua, Italy) surgical protocol, with standard drills following the palatal wall as a guide, and the apical portion of the implant was prepared 4 mm beyond the apex of the root.
The coronal margin of the implant was located at 0.5 mm apically to the buccal level of the bone crest.
The quality of alveolar bone was evaluated during surgery for each site.
If the gap between implant surfaces and socket walls exceeded 2 mm, small autogenous bone chips were inserted in that space.
After local anesthesia with articaine hydrochloride 1:100,000 (Ubistesin 40 mg/mL, 3M ESPE, Milan, Italy), the hopeless teeth were extracted a-traumatically, maintaining the integrity of the fresh socket and, specifically, the buccal bone wall (
A periodontal probe (Hu-Friedy PGF-GFS, Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL, USA) was used to confirm the integrity of the four socket walls. All experimental sites displayed no fenestration or dehiscence, and no regenerative procedures were completed at any of the sites.
The implant sites were prepared according to the manufacturer’s (CSR implant System, Sweden & Martina, Due Carrare, Padua, Italy) surgical protocol, with standard drills following the palatal wall as a guide, and the apical portion of the implant was prepared 4 mm beyond the apex of the root.
The coronal margin of the implant was located at 0.5 mm apically to the buccal level of the bone crest.
The quality of alveolar bone was evaluated during surgery for each site.
If the gap between implant surfaces and socket walls exceeded 2 mm, small autogenous bone chips were inserted in that space.