Atr ftir spectrometer

Fiber morphology and diameter were examined using scanning electron microscopy (Zeiss Gemini 500 SEM) with an accelerating voltage of 2 kV. ImageJ™ open source software (National Institutes of Health) was used to measure the mean fiber diameters. Fifty measurements were taken for each sample from three separate images. Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectra were collected with an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. Samples were sputter coated with carbon for SEM and EDX. Chemical structure was analyzed with Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR Spectrometer PerkinElmer Frontier) at each reaction step. Each spectrum was an average of 128 scans obtained between 4000 and 600 cm⁻¹ at a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹. Four spectra were collected per sample. Alkyne substitution was confirmed with Raman spectroscopy (Renishaw InVia Confocal Raman microscope). Each spectrum was obtained between 3250 and 200 cm⁻¹ with an excitation wavelength of 785 nm and a resolution of ~1 cm⁻¹. Three spectra were collected per sample. Crystalline structure was analyzed with X-ray diffraction (Bruker D8 Advance ECO powder diffractometer, 1 kW Cu-Kα source). Three spectra were collected per sample.

The Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis (FTIR) of samples was conducted with an ATR-FTIR spectrometer (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA). The scans were performed in an infrared region of 4000–450 cm⁻¹, with an average of 64 scans.

ATR-FTIR spectra of curcumin, chitosan, ethyl cellulose, nanoparticles, and patches were examined using the ATR-FTIR spectrometer (PerkinElmer, 940 Winter St Waltham, MA, United States). The samples were placed on the sample holder without any processing and scanned between 4000 and 400 cm⁻¹. Spectra were recorded in triplicates and results were averaged [17 (link)].

ATR-FTIR spectra of Curcumin, CMC, essential oils, and the hydrogel were examined using the ATR-FTIR spectrometer (PerkinElmer, MA, USA). The samples were placed on sample holder and scanned between 4000–400 cm⁻¹.

The ATR-FTIR analysis of 5FU, alginate, chitosan, 5FU-Alg nanoparticles and hydrogel were performed using PerkinElmer ATR-FTIR spectrometer (L1600300; PerkinElmer, Beaconsfield, UK). The sample was placed on zinc selenide, and the spectra was recorded in range of 600–4000 cm⁻¹ (32 scans per minute with a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹) in transmission mode. Three spectra of each sample were taken and the results were averaged.

Ileum and colon samples of all animals were compressed on the Zn/Se crystal of the ATR unit (PerkinElmer) without any pretreatment and examined with an ATR‐FTIR spectrometer (PerkinElmer) at a resolution of 4 cm⁻¹ and a scan number of 32. The spectra were obtained with the Spectrum One (PerkinElmer) software in the wavelength range of 4000–650 cm⁻¹.¹⁶