Tetraethylene glycol

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom

Tetraethylene glycol is a colorless, odorless, and viscous liquid organic compound. It is a polyethylene glycol with four ethylene oxide units. Tetraethylene glycol is commonly used as a solvent, lubricant, and chemical intermediate in various industrial applications.

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Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (4 citations) Tetraethylene glycol monododecyl ether (2 citations) Tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (G4) (2 citations)

19 protocols using tetraethylene glycol

Synthesis and Purification of Au Nanoparticles

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Tetrachloroaurate trihydrate (HAuCl₄·3H₂O, 99.9+%), poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP,
M_W 55,000), diethylene glycol (DEG, 99%), and tetraethylene
glycol (TEG, 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without
further purification. Au NPs were synthesized following a previously
published synthesis by Seo et al.,^{35 (link)} yielding
a mixture of predominantly decahedra, icosahedra, and truncated bitetrahedra
(Figure 1). Briefly,
3.5 g of PVP was dissolved in 12.5 mL of DEG and refluxed for 5 min.
A solution of 10 mg of HAuCl₄·3H₂O in 1
mL of DEG was added to the reaction mixture which was refluxed for
a further 10 min. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and diluted
with 12.5 mL of ethanol, followed by centrifugation at 6000 rpm for
30 min. Ethanol addition and centrifugation was repeated 4 times.

Elabbadi M., Boukouvala C., Hopper E.R., Asselin J, & Ringe E. (2023). Synthesis of Controllable Cu Shells on Au Nanoparticles with Electrodeposition: A Systematic in Situ Single Particle Study. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. C, Nanomaterials and Interfaces, 127(10), 5044-5053.

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Colorimetric Analysis of Organic Dye Degradation

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Raw materials were purchased form Sigma Aldrich (San Luis, MO, USA): Iron(II) acetate (Fe(OAc)₂, ≥99%), ethylene glycol (EG, ≥99.5%), diethylene glycol (DEG, 99%), triethylene glycol (TREG, 99%), tetraethylene glycol (TEG, ≥97%), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂, 35%), ethanol (99.8%), acid orange (AO8, 65%), methylene blue (MB), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, for molecular biology), and benzoquinone (BQ, ≥99%). Colorimetric analyses were carried out to quantify the degradation yields of the organic dyes. UV/Visible spectrum for AO8 and MB, before and after treatments, was obtained using a Perkin-Elmer LAMBDA 35 UV–visible spectrophotometer (Waltham, MA, USA). Calibration curves as a function of the concentration at the maximum absorbance (489 and 663 nm for AO8 and MB, respectively, Figure 1a) were performed using a Biochrom WPA Biowave DNA UV-visible spectrophotometer (Cambridge, UK). and are presented in Figure 1b,c. The molecular structure of dyes is shown in Figure 1d,e.

Gallo-Cordova A., Veintemillas-Verdaguer S., Tartaj P., Mazarío E., Morales M.D, & Ovejero J.G. (2021). Engineering Iron Oxide Nanocatalysts by a Microwave-Assisted Polyol Method for the Magnetically Induced Degradation of Organic Pollutants. Nanomaterials, 11(4), 1052.

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Synthesis of Electrolyte Components

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Potassium hydroxide (≥85%), sodium
sulfate (anhydrous), sodium hydride (60%, in mineral oil), 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoro-1-propanol
(97%), 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (99%), 1 M LiPF₆ in EC/DMC
(50:50 v/v, battery grade), diethylene glycol (99%), triethylene glycol
(99%), tetraethylene glycol (99%), diglyme (anhydrous), α,α,α-trifluorotoluene
(99%), tetraglyme (anhydrous), and 4 Å molecular sieves were
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Acetone (99.5%), tetrahydrofuran (certified
grade, with 0.025% butylated hydroxytoluene as a preservative), dichloromethane
(99.5%), hexanes (98.5%), ethyl acetate (99.5%), and methanol (99.8%)
were purchased from Fisher. Lithium foil (750 μm thick), p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (98%), and triglyme (99%) were
purchased from Alfa Aesar. Lithium perchlorate (99%), lithum bis(fluorosulfonyl)
amide (99%), and pentaethylene glycol (95%) were purchased from Oakwood
Chemical. Deuterated acetonitrile (≥99.8 atom % D) and deuterated
chloroform (≥99.8 atom % D) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope
Laboratories. All solvents used for preparing electrolytes were dried
by 4 Å molecular sieves overnight inside an argon-filled glovebox
(VigorTech, O₂ and H₂O < 1 ppm). LiFSA salt
was vacuum-dried at 120 °C overnight in a heated glovebox antechamber
before use and was not exposed to air at any time. Other chemicals
were used as received.

Ma P., Mirmira P, & Amanchukwu C.V. (2021). Effect of Building Block Connectivity and Ion Solvation on Electrochemical Stability and Ionic Conductivity in Novel Fluoroether Electrolytes. ACS Central Science, 7(7), 1232-1244.

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Synthesis and Functionalization of Clickable Probes

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All the reagents were used as received unless otherwise stated. Propargyl bromide solution (80 wt % in toluene), allyl bromide, sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil), 2,2-dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1-thioglycerol, EDC.HCl, DMAP, N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, tetraethylene glycol, TFA, γ-(Boc-amino)butyric acid (BOC-GABA-OH), copper sulfate pentahydrate, sodium ascorbate, anhydrous DCM, anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF), and anhydrous N,N′-dimethylformamide (DMF) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Cy5-mono-NHS ester and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) were purchased from Amersham Biosciences–GE Healthcare. All other American Chemical Society (ACS) grade solvents were from Fisher Scientific. Deuterated solvents dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-d₆), water (D₂O), methanol (CD₃OD), and chloroform (CDCl₃) were purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories Inc. (Andover, MA). Dialysis membrane (molecular weight cutoff of 1000 Da) was obtained from Spectrum Laboratories Inc. (Rancho Dominguez, CA, USA).

Sharma A., Sharma R., Zhang Z., Liaw K., Kambhampati S.P., Porterfield J.E., Lin K.C., DeRidder L.B., Kannan S, & Kannan R.M. (2020). Dense hydroxyl polyethylene glycol dendrimer targets activated glia in multiple CNS disorders. Science Advances, 6(4), eaay8514.

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Fullerene Synthesis and Functionalization

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Bukminsterfullerene (C₆₀) and polyhydroxylfullerene (C₆₀(OH)_n) were obtained from MER Co. (AZ, USA). Tetraethylene glycol and lithium hydroxide were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 5,10,15,20-Tetrakis(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TMPyP) tosylate salt was kindly provided by Dr. V.L. Malinovskii.

Stasheuski A.S., Galievsky V.A., Stupak A.P., Dzhagarov B.M., Choi M.J., Chung B.H, & Jeong J.Y. (2014). Photophysical Properties and Singlet Oxygen Generation Efficiencies of Water-Soluble Fullerene Nanoparticles. Photochemistry and Photobiology, 90(5), 997-1003.

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Synthesis of Magnetic Nanoparticles

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Lithium carbonate, iron(iii)-acetylacetonate, oleylamine (technical grade, 70%), oleic acid (technical grade, 90%), phosphoric acid 85 wt% in H₂O (H₃PO₄) and tetraethyleneglycol (TEG) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without purification. Acetone and hexane were purchased from Samchun Chemical (Korea) and used as received.

Yang C., Lee D.J., Kim H., Kim K., Joo J., Kim W.B., Song Y.B., Jung Y.S, & Park J. (2019). Synthesis of nano-sized urchin-shaped LiFePO4 for lithium ion batteries. RSC Advances, 9(24), 13714-13721.

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Synthesis of Multifunctional Nanoparticles

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The reagents cobalt acetylacetonate
[Co(acac)₂, purity
97%], iron acetylacetonate [Fe(acac)₃, purity ≥99.9%],
silver nitrate (AgNO₃, purity ≥99.9999%), 1,2-hexadecanediol
(purity 90%), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, purity ≥98%), oleylamine
(OLA, purity 70%), oleic acid (OA, purity 90%), and tetraethylene
glycol (TEG, purity 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis,
USA) and were used as received. PLL was purchased from JNC Co. (Tokyo,
Japan), and 2-iminothiolane and ethanol were purchased from Nacalai
Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). Acetone and hexane were purchased from Kanto
Chemical (Tokyo, Japan), and toluene and hydrochloric acid (HCl) were
purchased from Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka, Japan).

Takahashi M., Mohan P., Mukai K., Takeda Y., Matsumoto T., Matsumura K., Takakura M., Arai H., Taguchi T, & Maenosono S. (2017). Magnetic Separation of Autophagosomes from Mammalian Cells Using Magnetic–Plasmonic Hybrid Nanobeads. ACS Omega, 2(8), 4929-4937.

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Functionalized Buckminsterfullerene for CRP Detection

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Buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀, 99.9%) was purchased from SES Res. (TX, USA). Toluene (99.8%), tetraethylene glycol (TEG), lithium hydroxide (LiOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), succinic anhydride (SA), 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP), diethyl ether (DE), EDC, anti-mouse immunoglobulin G (anti-mouse IgG), and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethyl acetate (EA, 99%) was obtained from Daejung (Seoul, Korea). Ethanol was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Dulbecco’s phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was obtained from Gibco (NY, USA). CRP and polyclonal CRP antibody (pAb-CRP) were purchased from Abcam. Monoclonal CRP antibody (mAb-CRP) was obtained from R&D Systems. All chemicals were used without further purification.

Park K.M., Chung D.J., Choi M., Kang T, & Jeong J. (2019). Fluorescent fullerene nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunochromatographic assay for rapid quantitative detection of C-reactive protein. Nano Convergence, 6, 35.

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Formulation of Solar Cell Electrode Composition

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Example 1

As a binder resin, 5 wt % of ethyl cellulose (STD4, Dow Chemical Company) was dissolved in 6.4 wt % of butyl carbitol (Dow Chemical Company) at 60° C. to prepare an organic vehicle, and 85 wt % of spherical silver powder (AG-4-8, Dowa Hightech Co., Ltd.) having an average particle diameter of 2.0 μm, 3 wt % of glass frits (CI-124, Particlogy Co., Ltd.) having an average particle diameter of 1.0 μm, 0.1 wt % of tetraethylene glycol (Sigma-Aldrich, Inc.) as a surface tension modifier, and 0.2 wt % of a dispersant BYK102 (BYK-Chemie) and 0.3 wt % of a thixotropic agent Thixatrol ST (Elementis Co.) (as additives) were added to the organic vehicle, followed by mixing and kneading in a 3-roll kneader, thereby preparing a composition for solar cell electrodes. The composition was printed in a predetermined pattern on a surface of a wafer by screen-printing. Properties of the composition were measured by the following method and results are shown in the following Table 2.

US10544314B2. Composition for solar cell electrodes and electrode fabricated using the same (2020-01-28). SAMSUNG SDI CO., LTD. [KR]. Inventors: Tae Joon Kim [KR], Sang Hee Park [KR], Myung Sung Jung [KR], Koon Ho Kim [KR], Hyun Jin Ha [KR].

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Electrochemical Electrode Fabrication

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Manganese(II) acetate tetrahydrate (MnAc₂, >99%, pure) and ethylene glycol (EG, >99.5%, p.a.) were purchased from Carl-Roth. Tetraethylene glycol (TEG, 99%) was delivered by Sigma-Aldrich. For the electrode preparation, a 10 wt % Nafion^®/water solution was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, analytical reagent-grade ethanol from Fisher Scientific, and Vulcan^® XC72R carbon powder was obtained from Cabot. For electrochemical measurements, reagent-grade lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) was purchased from Merck KGaA and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, anhydrous, ≥99.9%) from Sigma-Aldrich. All chemicals were used without further purification.

Augustin M., Fenske D., Bardenhagen I., Westphal A., Knipper M., Plaggenborg T., Kolny-Olesiak J, & Parisi J. (2015). Manganese oxide phases and morphologies: A study on calcination temperature and atmospheric dependence. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 6, 47-59.

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