5 hydroxymethylfurfural

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

5-Hydroxymethylfurfural is a chemical compound that can be used as a laboratory reagent. It is a colorless or pale yellow crystalline solid. The primary function of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural is as a starting material for the synthesis of other organic compounds.

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Close spelling variants of this product

5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) (16 citations) Hydroxymethylfurfural (9 citations) 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) (6 citations)

50 protocols using 5 hydroxymethylfurfural

Compound Identification in Analyzed Fraction

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The standards
used for the identification of some of the compounds present in the
analyzed fraction were gallic acid (certified reference material);
5-hydroxymethyl furfural (≥99%); furfural (≥98.5%, GC);
vanillic acid (≥97.0%, HPLC); p-hydroxybenzaldehyde
(95.0%, HPLC); 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (≥99%); syringic acid
(≥95.0%, HPLC); vanillin (≥97%); syringaldehyde (≥98%);
coniferaldehyde (≥98%); and sinapaldehyde (≥98%), all
of which were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO).
The
hydroalcoholic mixtures used for the identifications were made using
99.8% ethanol supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO) and ultrapure
water (EMD-Milipore, Bedford, MA).

Guerrero-Chanivet M., Ortega-Gavilán F., Bagur-González M.G., Valcárcel-Muñoz M.J., García-Moreno M.V, & Guillén-Sánchez D.A. (2023). Influence of Oak Species, Toasting Degree, and Aging Time on the Differentiation of Brandies Using a Chemometrics Approach Based on Phenolic Compound UHPLC Fingerprints. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 72(4), 1959-1968.

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Preparation of Substituted Anilines and Furaldehyde

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Aniline (99.8%), o-toluidine (99%), m-toluidine (99%), p-toluidine (99%), p-anisidine (99%), o-chloroAniline (>98%), m-chloroAniline (99%), p-chloroAniline (98%), p-fluoroAniline (98%), p-bromoAniline (>99%), n-hexylamine (99%), and 5-(acetoxymethyl)-2-furaldehyde (97%) from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium), as well as 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (99%) from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA), were used without additional purification. M ethanol (99.8%) from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA), ethanol (99.9%) from J.T. Baker and isopropanol (99.5%) from Acros Organics were employed as a solvent.

Nuzhdin A.L., Bukhtiyarova M.V, & Bukhtiyarov V.I. (2020). Two-Step One-Pot Reductive Amination of Furanic Aldehydes Using CuAlOx Catalyst in a Flow Reactor. Molecules, 25(20), 4771.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Metallic Nanoparticles

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Chloroauric acid (Strem
Chemicals, 99.8%); palladium chloride (Sigma-Aldrich, >99.9%);
poly(vinyl
alcohol) (Sigma-Aldrich, M_w 9000–10,000,
80% hydrolyzed); sodium borohydride (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.99%); 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxylic
acid (Carbosynth, >97.0%); distilled water millipore (18.2 MΩ·cm
at 25 °C); 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (Sigma-Aldrich, >99.0%);
5-formyl-2-furancarboxylic
acid (Fluorochem); 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, 97%);
molecular O₂ (BOC, >99.95%); Nafion (Sigma-Aldrich,
5 wt
% in lower aliphatic alcohols and water, contains 15–20% water);
sodium hydrogen carbonate (Fisher Scientific, >99.5%); sodium hydroxide
(Fisher Scientific); Carbon Vulcan XC-72R (Cabot Corporation); ABTS
(2,2′-azinobis [3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid]-diammonium
salt) (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥98%); horseradish peroxidase (Sigma-Aldrich,
141.9 U/mg solid); hydrogen peroxide (Fisher Scientific, 30 wt %).

Zhao L., Akdim O., Huang X., Wang K., Douthwaite M., Pattisson S., Lewis R.J., Lin R., Yao B., Morgan D.J., Shaw G., He Q., Bethell D., McIntosh S., Kiely C.J, & Hutchings G.J. (2023). Insights into the Effect of Metal Ratio on Cooperative Redox Enhancement Effects over Au- and Pd-Mediated Alcohol Oxidation. ACS Catalysis, 13(5), 2892-2903.

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Cassava Starch Extraction Protocol

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Fresh tubers of cassava were harvested from Alakahia, in Obio-Akpor, Local Government Area of Rivers state, Nigeria. The tubers were peeled, washed, sliced into sizes, oven-dried at 60 °C to a constant weight and milled. 200g each of the dried and milled tubers were soaked in 500ml of 1% sodium metabisulfite at 28 °C. The mixtures were allowed to stand for 24 h before they were filtered through a muslin cloth in a large volume of water. The supernatant was carefully decanted to afford the starch which was air dried for 24 h and was further dried to constant weight at 60 °C in an oven. The starch was characterized as reported in Adewumi et al. [17 ]. All chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade. A standard stock solution containing 100 mg/L 5-hydroxymethylfurfural was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Germany and used to prepare the working standard solutions (0.06–0.12 mg/L). Sulphuric (H₂SO₄), Hydrochloric (HCl) and Nitric (HNO₃) acids were purchased from BDH chemicals, England. Acetonitrile (HPLC grade) and ultrapure water were obtained from the biotechnology laboratory of Covenant University Ota, Ogun state.

Adewumi C.N., Ekpo E.I., Achugasim O., Ogali R.E, & Akaranta O. (2022). Substrate concentration: A more serious consideration than the amount of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in acid-catalyzed hydrolysis during bioethanol production from starch biomass. Heliyon, 8(12), e12047.

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Chromatographic Analysis of Carbohydrates

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Each chemical and reagent used was of superior quality and according to the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) standards. Sucrose, fructose, and maltose were purchased from the Indian based companies named Central Drug House (P) Ltd. New Delhi, India; Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai, India; and Techno Pharmchem, New Delhi, India respectively. While, glucose was bought from th Chem-LabNV, Zedelgem, Belgium. However, 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural, Mueller Hinton Broth, Sulforhodamine B sodium salt solution, and AgNO₃ were purchased from the USA based company Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HPLC standard grades water and acetonitrile were bought from Indian based company Chemie Pvt. Ltd. Mumbai, India. While, Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 medium and Penicillin-Streptomycin (10,000 U/mL ) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. (Waltham, MA, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Trichloroacetic acid (TCA), acetic acid, and tris base were purchased from the Merck, Darmstadt, Germany.

Ghramh H.A., Alrumman S.A., Ahmad I., Kalam A., Elbehairi S.E., Alfaify A.M., Mohammed M.E., Al-Sehemi A.G., Alfaifi M., Al-Shehri B.M., Alshareef R.M., ALaerjani W.M, & Khan K.A. (2023). Chemical Characterization of Honey and Its Effect (Alone as well as with Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles) on Microbial Pathogens’ and Human Cancer Cell Lines’ Growth. Nutrients, 15(3), 684.

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Acrylamide and 5-HMF Standards Preparation

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The acrylamide standard (99.8%, catalogue No. 23701), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (≥98.0%, catalogue No. 53407) and all chemicals of HPLC analytical grade were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Michalak J., Czarnowska-Kujawska M, & Gujska E. (2019). Acrylamide and Thermal-Processing Indexes in Market-Purchased Food. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(23), 4724.

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Carbohydrate Transformation Kinetics

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The chemicals used were sulphuric acid 96 % (Acros Organics), sulfamic acid (VWR Chemicals), phosphoric acid 85 % (Pancreac Quimica), di-potassium hydrogen phosphate 99 % (Pancreac Quimica), potassium di-hydrogen phosphate 98 % (Pancreac Quimica), (D)+ glucose anhydrous 99.5 % (Fischer Chemical), D(+) galactose ≥98 % (Carl Roth Chemicals), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural ≥98 % (Sigma Aldrich), hydrochloric acid min. 37 % (Riedel-de Haën) and calcium carbonate min.99 % (Merck).

Tůma S., Izaguirre J.K., Bondar M., Marques M.M., Fernandes P., da Fonseca M.M, & Cesário M.T. (2020). Upgrading end-of-line residues of the red seaweed Gelidium sesquipedale to polyhydroxyalkanoates using Halomonas boliviensis. Biotechnology Reports, 27, e00491.

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Analytical-Grade Reagents for Carbohydrate Analysis

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All chemicals were of analytical
grade and were used without further purification. Concentrated sulfuric
acid (95–97 wt % [CASRN 7664-93-9]) and formic acid (98–100
wt % [CASRN 64-18-6]) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany).
Sucrose (≥95 wt % [CASRN 57-50-1]) and fructose (≥95
wt % [CASRN 57-48-7]) were acquired from Fisher Scientific UK (Leicestershire,
Great Britain); glucose (≥99.5 wt % [CASRN 14431-43-7]), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
(≥99 wt % [CASRN 67-47-0]) and levulinic acid (98 wt % [CASRN
123-76-2]) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim,
Germany). Deionized water was used to prepare the various solutions.

Tan-Soetedjo J.N., van de Bovenkamp H.H., Abdilla R.M., Rasrendra C.B., van Ginkel J, & Heeres H.J. (2017). Experimental and Kinetic Modeling Studies on the Conversion of Sucrose to Levulinic Acid and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Using Sulfuric Acid in Water. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 56(45), 13228-13239.

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In Vitro Digestion and Antioxidant Analysis

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Furosine was purchased from NeoMPS (Strasbourg, France). Furfural, 5- (hydroxymethyl)Furfural, hydrochloric acid, methanol, and acetonitrile (HPLC grade) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). Alpha Aesar provided the pancreatin in the porcine pancreas (Heysham, UK). The remaining chemicals, which included analytical-grade salts and enzymes for in vitro digestion and fermentation as well as chemicals and solvents for the determination of antioxidant capacity, were bought from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany).

Navajas-Porras B., Pérez-Burillo S., Hinojosa-Nogueira D., Pastoriza S, & Rufián-Henares J.Á. (2022). Relationship of Thermal Treatment and Antioxidant Capacity in Cooked Foods. Antioxidants, 11(12), 2324.

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Extraction and Analysis of Bioactive Compounds

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Sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, aluminum chloride hexahydrate, p-toluensulfonic acid monohydrate (≥98.5), 2-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaphospholane (95%), pyridine, chromium(iii)acetylacetonate, oleuropein, tyrosol, levulinic acid, 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural, 3-(trimethylsilyl)propionic-2,2,3,3-d4 acid sodium salt, and pyrazine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Hydrochloric acid 37% was provided from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Ethyl acetate was obtained from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain) while maleic acid, CDCl3 (+0.03% vol. TMS), deuterium oxide, and cyclohexanol were purchased from Fluka™ (St. Gallen, Switzerland), VWR Chemicals (Solon, OH, USA), and Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium), respectively.

Huertas-Alonso A.J., Gavahian M., González-Serrano D.J., Hadidi M., Salgado-Ramos M., Sánchez-Verdú M.P., Simirgiotis M.J., Barba F.J., Franco D., Lorenzo J.M, & Moreno A. (2021). Valorization of Wastewater from Table Olives: NMR Identification of Antioxidant Phenolic Fraction and Microwave Single-Phase Reaction of Sugary Fraction. Antioxidants, 10(11), 1652.

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