Peg 10 000

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United Kingdom

PEG 10,000 is a polyethylene glycol (PEG) with an average molecular weight of 10,000 daltons. It is a water-soluble and non-toxic polymer used as a reagent in various laboratory applications.

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Lab products found in correlation

9 protocols using peg 10 000

Formulation and Characterization of Polymeric Nanoparticles

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PRA base (PRAB) and salt
(PRAS) were purchased from Cangzhou Enke Pharma-tech Co. Ltd. (China).
Acetonitrile (>99.9%), phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) tablets
(pH
7.4), PVA 9–10 kDa, PVA 31–50 kDa, PEG10,000, sorbitol,
and trifluoracetic acid (TFA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset,
UK). Gantrez S-97 and PVP (MW 58 kDa), sold under the product brand
name Plasdone K-29/32, were obtained from Ashland (Worcestershire,
UK). Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was purchased from DFE Pharma
(Klever Strasse, Germany). Anhydrous citric acid and anhydrous sodium
carbonate (Na₂CO₃) were obtained from BDH Laboratory
Supplies (Dorset, UK). LCMS/MS grade methanol and formic acid were
purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Gillingham, UK), with ultrapure water
(18.2MΩ-cm) produced in-house using a Millipore water purification
system (Millipore, Cork, Ireland).

McGuckin M.B., Hutton A.R., Davis E.R., Sabri A.H., Ripolin A., Himawan A., Naser Y.A., Ghanma R., Greer B., McCarthy H.O., Paredes A.J., Larrañeta E, & Donnelly R.F. (2024). Transdermal Delivery of Pramipexole Using Microneedle Technology for the Potential Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease. Molecular Pharmaceutics, 21(5), 2512-2533.

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Fabrication of Chitosan-based Biomaterials

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Chitosan (deacetylation degree over 60% mol, from white mushrooms; Sigma, UK), 1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl), 1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and sodium triphosphate pentabasic (TPP) were obtained from Sigma–Aldrich (Gillingham, UK); hyaluronic acid (HA) 200 kDa was obtained from Medipol SA (Lausanne, Switzerland) and Sodium Alginate (400 kDa) was obtained purchased from Sigma, UK. Glacial acetic acid and sodium acetate were purchased from VWR, BDH Chemicals (Poole, UK). Trehalose dihydrate was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Sucrose, glucose, mannitol, polyethylene glycols as PEG 2,000 and PEG 10,000 were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St. Louis, Missouri). The RC-dialysis membrane of MWCO 10 kDa was obtained from (Spectra Por, Spectrum Laboratories Inc., Rancho Dominguez CA, USA). The other chemicals and reagents were of AR grade and were used as received.

Almalik A., Alradwan I., Kalam M.A, & Alshamsan A. (2017). Effect of cryoprotection on particle size stability and preservation of chitosan nanoparticles with and without hyaluronate or alginate coating. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal : SPJ, 25(6), 861-867.

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Polyurethane Varnish with UCP IR and DNA Taggants

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Example 2

Inclusion of Up Converting Phosphor (UCP) IR and DNA Taggants in Polyurethane Varnish and Recovery Thereof

Five percent (w/w) of UCP IR and DNA taggant (which may be in the form of a DNA-linked UCP taggant) at 5 ng/ml final concentration are first mixed together and added to 10 g molten PEG10,000 (average molecular no: M_n10,000, Product No. 309028, Sigma-Aldrich) before adding to 1 L of polyurethane varnish (Minwax® Co., Upper Saddle River, N.J.). The mixture is then paddle blended for 10 min and applied onto vinyl sheet(s) to dry in 60° C. oven for 1 hour. The varnished film is sampled by using a cotton swab (Cotton tipped Applicator No. 25-826 5WC Puritan Medical Products, Guilford, Me.) dipped in 100% MEK solution and swabbed across the varnished surface for several times. UCP-linked DNA taggant is picked up by the swab without disturbing the appearance of the object, and the DNA is then authenticated by PCR-based analysis.

US10059981B2. Use of perturbants to facilitate incorporation and recovery of taggants from polymerized coatings (2018-08-28). APDN (B.V.I.) Inc. [VG]. Inventors: Lawrence Jung [US], MingHwa Benjamin Liang [US], James A. Hayward [US].

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Exosome Isolation and Analysis

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Exosomes were isolated by centrifugation of cell cultures at 250× g for 10 min to pellet cells. The supernatant was then centrifuged at 1500× g for 10 min to remove cell fragments, including apoptotic bodies. Exosomal material was collected in a subsequent 15,000xg centrifugation for 30 min. In some experiments, 10% (w/v) PEG-10000 (Sigma) in 0.3M NaCl was added to the 15,000× g supernatant overnight at −20 °C then centrifuged at 15,000× g for 30′ to confirm quantitative removal of CD20 in the preceding fractions. Pelleted fractions were resuspended in lysis buffer and analyzed by western blotting.

Small G.W., Akhtari F.S., Green A.J., Havener T.M., Sikes M., Quintanhila J., Gonzalez R.D., Reif D.M., Motsinger-Reif A.A., McLeod H.L, & Wiltshire T. (2023). Pharmacogenomic Analyses Implicate B Cell Developmental Status and MKL1 as Determinants of Sensitivity toward Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody Therapy. Cells, 12(12), 1574.

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Liquid Demixing of Tau Variants

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Liquid demixing of tau variants was monitored by turbidity (optical density at 400 nm) at 37 °C in 10 mm HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1 mm DTT and NaCl and PEG 10,000 (Sigma-Aldrich) at appropriate concentrations. These measurements were performed using the M1000 Tecan plate reader. Temperature-dependent changes in turbidity were measured on a Cary 100 Bio spectrophotometer equipped with a Peltier temperature control unit. Droplets were visualized by fluorescence microscopy using a 1:20 molar ratio of Alexa fluor 488–labeled to unlabeled protein. To this end, samples (20 μl) were placed on the glass bottom of a 35-mm dish that was covered with a microscope coverglass and sealed to prevent evaporation. The measurements were performed within 5 min after mixing of the protein with PEG, and the images were obtained in solution away from the bottom of the dish. Microscopy experiments were performed on a Keyence BZ-X710 microscope with a ×100/1.45 numerical aperture oil-immersion lens.

Boyko S., Qi X., Chen T.H., Surewicz K, & Surewicz W.K. (2019). Liquid–liquid phase separation of tau protein: The crucial role of electrostatic interactions. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 294(29), 11054-11059.

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Efficient EV Depletion from FBS

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FBS (Gibco) was depleted from EVs using ultracentrifugation (for breast cancer cell MCF7 experiments) or polyethylene glycol (PEG 10000) (for melanoma cell A2058 experiments). Shortly, the EV‐depleted FBS was prepared by ultracentrifugation at 110,000 × g for 16 h. After centrifugation, the supernatant was collected and sterile‐filtered (0.22 μm). A PEG 10000 (Sigma‐Aldrich, USA) 50% (w/v) stock solution was prepared in Dulbecco's phosphate buffered saline (dPBS) [sterile filtered (0.2 μm)]. The PEG stock solution was stored protected from light and at 4°C. The FBS and PEG stock solution were mixed in a 5:1 ratio by gently inverting 5–10 times and incubated for 2 h at 4°C protected from light. After, the mix of PEG‐FBS was centrifugated for 30 min at 4°C at 1500 × g in a swinging‐bucket rotor (four place, angle 90°, Hettich, Germany) in benchtop centrifuge (Rotina 380, Hettich, Germany). The supernatant of the PEG‐FBS solution was collected leaving a layer of at least 0.5 cm on top of the pellet, and again sterile filtered (0.1 μm) into aliquots stored at –20°C until used (Laukkanen et al., 2020 (link)).

Kyykallio H., Faria A.V., Hartman R., Capra J., Rilla K, & Siljander P.R. (2022). A quick pipeline for the isolation of 3D cell culture‐derived extracellular vesicles. Journal of Extracellular Vesicles, 11(10), 12273.

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PEG-Induced Turbidity Measurement

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A 40% (w/v) PEG 10,000 (Sigma) solution was prepared in PBS and corrected to a pH of 7.0. PEG solution, PBS and 20 µL of IgG stock solution were combined to achieve a PEG concentration range of 0–10% (w/v) and final IgG concentration of 0.5 mg mL⁻¹ in a 96-well plate in triplicate. Plates were sealed with adhesive sealing film and incubated at 4 °C for 24 h. After incubation, samples were thoroughly mixed in their respective wells before 2 µL of each sample was transferred to a Lunatic plate for turbidity measurement at 500 nm on a Lunatic (Unchained Labs). Turbidity of buffer only controls was subtracted from final readings.

Ebo J.S., Saunders J.C., Devine P.W., Gordon A.M., Warwick A.S., Schiffrin B., Chin S.E., England E., Button J.D., Lloyd C., Bond N.J., Ashcroft A.E., Radford S.E., Lowe D.C, & Brockwell D.J. (2020). An in vivo platform to select and evolve aggregation-resistant proteins. Nature Communications, 11, 1816.

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PVA-PEG-PVP Hydrophilic Polymer Formulation

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Poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA, Mw = 85 -124 kDa, 87 -89% hydrolysed), poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG 4000, Mw = 400 and (PEG 10,000, Mw 10,000 Da), poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) K90 (PVP K90, Mw = 360 kDa) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) with a viscosity of 40 -60 centipoise, 2% in H 2 O (20 °C) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK).
Citric acid (CA) was supplied by BDH Laboratory Supplies (Poole, UK). PVP K29-32 (Mw = 58 kDa) was kindly donated by Ashland (Surrey, UK). Methotrexate disodium (MTX) (99.35% purity) was purchased from Haihang Industry Co., Ltd (Shandong, China).
Methotrexate polyglutamates (MTX-PG 1 -5 ) standards were purchased from Schircks Laboratories (Jona, Switzerland). Guthrie cards (Schleicher & Schuell 903) were purchased from Aston Ltd. (Oldham, England). Oasis solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges were obtained from Waters (Dublin, Ireland). Glycerine (99.5% purity) was purchased from VWR International (Lutterworth, England). HPLC grade water was produced using a Millipore Direct-Q™ 5 water purification system from Millipore (Watford, England). All other chemicals and materials were of analytical reagent grade supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK) and Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK).

Tekko I.A., Chen G., Domínguez-Robles J., Thakur R.R.S., Hamdan I.M.N., Vora L., Larrañeta E., McElnay J.C., McCarthy H.O., Rooney M, & Donnelly R.F. (2020). Development and characterisation of novel poly (vinyl alcohol)/poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)-based hydrogel-forming microneedle arrays for enhanced and sustained transdermal delivery of methotrexate. International journal of pharmaceutics, 586.

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Synthesis of PEGylated Paclitaxel and Temozolomide

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All chemicals including different types of PEG (ethylene glycol -Cat# 102466, PEG 200 -Cat# P3015, PEG 400 -Cat# P3265, PEG 8000 -Cat# 89510, PEG 10 000 -Cat# 81280 and PEG 20 000 -Cat# 95172 -all bis-hydroxy terminated) and glucono-d-lactone were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, and used as received. MilliQ Water (resistivity 18.2 MO) was used throughout the study. Paclitaxel (Taxol s ) was obtained from LC Laboratories USA and Temozolomide from Sigma Aldrich. The solution phase synthesis of 1 was adapted from the methods (ESI †) previously reported by Ko ¨nig and Ro ¨dela 48 and Gagnon et al.

Hassan MM ., Martin AD , & Thordarson P . (2015). Macromolecular crowding and hydrophobic effects on Fmoc-diphenylalanine hydrogel formation in PEG : water mixtures. Journal of materials chemistry. B, 3(48).

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