Carbopac pa 10 analytical column

Over the 180 days of maturation (T0 - T180), the moisture content, total soluble solids (TSS), free acidity, and HMF of the honey samples were evaluated (n = 9), according to the Bogdanov et al. (1997) . In addition, water activity (aw) and pH values were determined according to AOAC (2012) (n = 9). Sugars of honey samples determined according to Justus, Ida and Kurozawa (2021) (link) with modifications. The sugars were quantified in an HPAEC-PAD chromatography (ICS 5000, Dionex Canada Ltd., Oakville, Canada), equipped with a CarboPac PA-10 analytical column (250 mm × 4 mm, id, Dionex, Oakville, Canada). Samples diluted in ultrapure water and filtered (0.22 µm) were injected into the equipment (10 µl). The carbohydrates were separated in isocratic elution of 20 mM NaOH, using ultrapure water (90 % mobile phase A) and 200 mM NaOH (10 % mobile phase B) in a flow of 1 mL/min at 25 °C for 27 min (n = 9). For the quantification of carbohydrates, analytical curves of standards glucose (R² = 0.9992); fructose (R² = 0.9955), maltose (R² = 0.9989) and sucrose (R² = 0.9978) were used (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA).
The color parameters, in the Cielab L*a*b* system, were determined at 25 °C using a colorimeter (Konica Minolta – Chroma Meter CR-4000, Osaka, Japan) with D65 illuminant (daylight) (Ribeiro et al., 2018 (link)) (n = 9).