CCR2 and CCR5 ligands (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐6, TNF‐α, IL‐1β, TGF‐β) were measured on the Luminex platform on plasma samples from Day 1 and during cenicriviroc treatment at Days 7 and 14 (HCYTOMAG‐60K MILLIPLEX (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) was used for CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, IL‐1β, IL‐6; Human RANTES enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (PeproTech, London, UK) for CCL5; Human TGF‐β 1 DuoSet ELISA (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) for TGF‐β). Markers of enterocyte death, intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I‐FABP) (R&D Systems), and bacterial translocation, flagellin (MyBioSource, San Diego, CA), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) (Hycult Biotech, Plymouth Meeting, Philadelphia, PA), and sCD14 (R&D Systems), were measured at the same timepoints by ELISA according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Correlation between flagellin and I‐FABP or ALT levels was evaluated in both cohorts.
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein
Manufactured by Hycult Biotech
Sourced in Canada, Sweden
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) is a laboratory product provided by Hycult Biotech. LBP is a protein that binds to lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. LBP facilitates the transfer of LPS to cell surface receptors, playing a role in the innate immune response to bacterial infections.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
2 protocols using lipopolysaccharide binding protein
1
Biomarkers of Intestinal Injury and Inflammation
2
Inflammatory Biomarker Measurement Protocol
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The blood collected was stored at −80°C and batched until processing without a prior thaw. Then using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we measured the following inflammatory markers: soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I (sTNFR-I), High sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6) (R&D systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA), and D-dimer (Diagnostica Stago, USA). We also measured by ELISA oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) (Uppsala, Mercodia, Sweden) and two gut markers; lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) (Hycult Biotech Inc. Pennsylvania, USA), a marker of microbial translocation, and zonulin (Promocell, Germany), a marker of gut permeability. All measurements were done at Dr. Funderburg’s laboratory at Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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