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15 protocols using hydrogen peroxide

1

Surface Modification of Quartz Chips

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The unmodified piezoelectric quartz crystal chip was firstly cleaned for 10 minutes by irradiation with a UV-ozone cleaning system (UVOH 150 LAB, FHR, Ottendorf, Germany). Afterwards the chip was immersed in a 5 : 1 : 1 solution of Milli-Q water, 25% ammonia (Scharlau) and 30% hydrogen peroxide (Scharlau) at 75 °C. Then the chip was rinsed with Milli-Q water, and blown dry with high purity nitrogen. Finally, the chip was treated again with the UV-ozone cleaning system for 10 minutes. The self-assembled monolayer was formed by treating the quartz crystal with 10 mM of MPA (3-mercaptopropionic acid, Sigma-Aldrich) overnight, which was further activated with 46 mM of EDC –N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide, Sigma-Aldrich, pure grade-/NHS (98% N-hydroxysulphosuccinimide, Sigma-Aldrich) for 1 hour to produce the activated carboxyl chip.
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2

Graphene Oxide Synthesis and Characterization

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Cell culture reagents were provided by Gibco (Biomol, Sevilla, Spain). rGO was purchased from Graphitene, Ltd (Flixborough, UK). For the synthesis of GO, sodium nitrate (NaNO3) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) were purchased in Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain), and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30% w/w), sulfuric acid (H2SO4, 95%), ethanol absolute (EtOH) and hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%) in Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). Chemicals for the different assays were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain) and VWR International Eurolab (Barcelona, Spain).
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3

Multi-Element Analysis of Aqueous Samples

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High purity deionized water (18.2 MΩ cm) was used from MilliQ system (Bedford, MA, USA).
Analytical grade nitric acid (65% (w/w)) and hydrogen-peroxide (30% (w/w)) came from Scharlab S.L. (Sentmenat, Spain). Calibration stock solution was made from 1000 mg L -1 monoelement stock
solutions from Scharlab S.L. (Sentmenat, Spain), except rare earth elements (REEs), which were made from 100 mg L -1 multielement stock solution of REEs from Teknolab A/S (Drøbak, Norway).
Rhodium (Fluka, Buchs, Switzerland) was used as an internal standard in 40 µg L -1 concentration.
High purity anhydrous ethanol (≥99.8% (v/v)) was used when the extraction solvents were being from VWR International (Fontenay-sous-Bois, France). The ≥99.8% (v/v) ethanol is referred to as 100% (v/v) below. All the new plastic tools were cleaned and soaked in 2% HNO 3 for 3 days, then soaked in MilliQ water for 1 day, and finally rinsed with distilled water and dried prior to use.
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4

Trace Element Quantification Protocol

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Single-component standards of Mg, Ca, P, Fe, Zn, and Se (1 µg/mL) and Ar, Hg, Cd, and Pb (1 g/L) were obtained from High-Purity Standards (North Charleston, South Caroline), while internal isotope standard solutions of Sc, Ge, Rh, and Ir (20 µg/g) were purchased from ISC Science (Gijón, Spain). Nitric acid (69%) for ppb-trace grade analysis and hydrogen peroxide (35%) for analysis were purchased from Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain).
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5

Preparation of Thiopental Sodium Standards

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Thiopental sodium and sodium carbonate working standards were supplied as a gift sample from UP Pharma (Assuit, Egypt). Methanol HPLC-grade, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, hydrochloric acid (37%), sodium hydroxide, and hydrogen peroxide (30%) (Scharlau, Spain). Water for injection (WFI) was used in the analysis and passed through a 0.45 μm nylon membrane filter before use. A phosphate solution was prepared by weighing about 5.82 g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate in 1000 mL of WFI.
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of PFAS Compounds

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All chemicals were reagent grade or higher and were used as received without further purification. PFOA (C7F15COOH, 96% purity), perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA, C6F13COOH, 99% purity), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA, C5F11COOH, 96% purity), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA, C4F9COOH, 97% purity) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich Chemicals. TiO2 (P25, 20% rutile and 80% anatase, 50 m 2 .g -1 , 21 nm) was obtained from Evonik Degussa. Graphite powder was supplied by Acros Organics. Sulfuric Acid 95-98% (H2SO4), chloride acid 37% (HCl), potassium permanganate (KMnO4), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), phosphoric acid (85%) and sodium di-hydrogen phosphate anhydrous were provided by Panreac. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 30% v/v) and Methanol (UHPLC-MS grade) were obtained from Scharlau. All solutions were prepared using ultrapure water (Q-POD Millipore).
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7

Sodium Hyaluronate Eye Drop Formulation

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Sodium hyaluronate was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (USA). Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate, sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Scharlab S.L. (Spain). Hycarenol ® eye drops were provided from Sanocare for Pharmaceutical industries with a composition of 2 mg/mL (0.2 % w/v).
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8

Graphene-Based Biosensor Fabrication

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CytopTM (CTL-809M) and the fluorinated solvent CT-Solv.180 were purchased from Asashi Glass Co (Tokyo, Japan). Graphite was from International Laboratory, USA (South San Francisco, CA, USA). AZ P4620 photoresist was from MicroChemicals GmbH (Ulm, Germany). Sodium nitrate and hydrogen peroxide were from Scharlab S. L (Barcelona, Spain). Sulfuric acid (98%) was from RCI Labscan Limited (Bangkok, Thailand). Hydrochloric acid was from Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Potassium permanganate, ZONYL FSO-100 fluorosurfactant, trichloro (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl) silane (97%) were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled anti-β-hCG were from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Mesenchymal stem cells were from mouse bone marrow (Astarte Biologics, Inc., Bothell, WA, USA). Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline (DPBS 1X), minimum essential medium (MEM) alpha (1X), and trypsin were from Gibco (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
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9

Screening Antioxidant Capacity of Onion Extracts

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For the film preparation, medium-sized yellow onion bulbs in commercial stages were acquired from markets in the city of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. For the incorporation of clay, Laponite XLG (Na0.7[(Mg5.5Li0.3)Si8O20(OH)4]) obtained from BYK-Chemie was used for clay incorporation. Milli-Q® water, sodium salicylate (CAS 54-21-7, 99.5%), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (CAS 490-79-9, 99%) from Sigma-Aldrich, HPLC-grade methanol (CAS 67-56-1), hydrogen peroxide (CAS 7722-84-1, 30%) and orthophosphoric acid (7664-38-2, 84%) from Scharlab were used for the antioxidant assay.
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10

Screening Antioxidant Capacity of Onion Extracts

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For the film preparation, medium-sized yellow onion bulbs in commercial stages were acquired from markets in the city of São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil. For the incorporation of clay, Laponite XLG (Na0.7[(Mg5.5Li0.3)Si8O20(OH)4]) obtained from BYK-Chemie was used for clay incorporation. Milli-Q® water, sodium salicylate (CAS 54-21-7, 99.5%), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (CAS 490-79-9, 99%) from Sigma-Aldrich, HPLC-grade methanol (CAS 67-56-1), hydrogen peroxide (CAS 7722-84-1, 30%) and orthophosphoric acid (7664-38-2, 84%) from Scharlab were used for the antioxidant assay.
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