Electron microscopy was performed using a LEO 1450 scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany). The accelerating voltage was 1 kV. The sample was put on a carbon conductive bilateral adhesive tape pasted on a copper–zinc sample holder. Samples were covered by a layer of gold with a 2.5 nm thickness using the magnetron sputtering method. This procedure was performed using Quorum Q150R ES in vacuum. To achieve the limiting resolution in the vacuum chamber in which the samples were placed, the pressure was less than 5 × 10−6 mbar. Size analysis of micronized particles was performed using IP3 software (version number 1278, Demotech, Essen, Germany). The visible size was measured on several SEM images for each distinguishable particle. Throughout this paper, by “particle size”, we mean the particle length in its longest dimension. The arithmetic mean particle size was calculated from the data obtained.
Leo 1450
Manufactured by Zeiss
Sourced in Germany
The LEO 1450 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) designed and manufactured by Zeiss. It is a versatile and user-friendly instrument capable of high-resolution imaging of a wide range of samples. The LEO 1450 is equipped with essential features for analytical applications, including electron beam control and sample handling capabilities.
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Lab products found in correlation
13 protocols using leo 1450
1
Scanning Electron Microscopy Protocol for Particle Size Analysis
2
SEM Analysis of EPS Morphology
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The morphological characteristics of EPS were observed using an SEM (Leo/1450 Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) at 15 kV. The samples were sized appropriately and deposited on a conductive film after being properly desiccated. Morphological characteristics of samples were observed at various magnifications.
3
Fungal Spore Morphology Analysis
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The shape and size of fungal spores in the gleba of the fruiting body were determined under a light microscope. Spore preparation without any treatment for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis was conducted as previously described [18 (link)]. The morphology and characteristics of spores, capillitium, fresh gelatinous tissues, and freeze-dried gelatinous tissue powder were observed using a SEM Leo/1450 (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) at 15 kV.
4
Galvanostatic Polarization for Corrosion Analysis
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Galvanostatic polarization measurements were carried out to determine the corrosion rate and characterize the products. The samples were polarized under a constant current of 0.001, 0.010, 0.020, 0.030, 0.040, 0.050, 0.080, 0.100, and 0.150 A·cm−2 for 1 h. After the galvanostatic polarization, the surfaces of the specimens were rinsed with deionized water and dried with cold dry air.
Based on the polarization results, samples with currents of 0.010, 0.030, and 0.080 A·cm−2 were selected for product characterization. The surface morphologies of corrosion scales were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, LEO-1450, Zeiss, Jena, Gernamy), and their composition was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, AXIS ULTRADLD, Kratos, Manchester, UK).
For all samples, according to the ISO 8407: 2010 standard [21 ], the rust was eliminated by successive cleaning in hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (500 mL deionized water + 500 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid + 5 g hexamethylenetetramine). The coupons were washed with acetone and dried by air blast. Then, the corrosion rate was calculated.
Based on the polarization results, samples with currents of 0.010, 0.030, and 0.080 A·cm−2 were selected for product characterization. The surface morphologies of corrosion scales were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, LEO-1450, Zeiss, Jena, Gernamy), and their composition was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS, AXIS ULTRADLD, Kratos, Manchester, UK).
For all samples, according to the ISO 8407: 2010 standard [21 ], the rust was eliminated by successive cleaning in hydrochloric acid aqueous solution (500 mL deionized water + 500 mL concentrated hydrochloric acid + 5 g hexamethylenetetramine). The coupons were washed with acetone and dried by air blast. Then, the corrosion rate was calculated.
5
Nanocellulose Characterization by Electron Microscopy
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The morphology for all samples were established with the aid of electron microscopy studies. For the TEM study, a JEOL-JEM 1010 (Japan) operating at 100 kV was used. TEM images for nanocellulose require a stain, thus the images were acquired using 5 μL of a 0.01 w/w% suspension of the sample deposited on a copper (Cu) TEM-grid. The deposited crystals on the TEM-grid were negatively stained after drying with 5 μL of 2 wt% uranyl acetate for 5 minutes in the dark. The dimensions of 250 randomly selected samples representing BNCC from the TEM micrographs were measured using ImageJ 1.42 software and the obtained data were processed on Origin® 9 software where the particle length, width and aspect ratio with respective standard deviation were generated. For the SEM study, a Zeiss Ultra Plus (Germany) field emission gun scanning electron microscope (FEG-SEM) was used. The samples for SEM images were deposited separately on conductive carbon tape stuck to aluminum stubs. Each sample was coated with gold with the aid of sputter coater to minimize charging. The morphology of the PPy@BNCC/PVA sample was tested prior to subjection to the conductivity tests, as well as after the testing to note any morphological change. This was accomplished using SEM Zeiss LEO 1450 (Germany), and sample images were taken directly from the Cu plate.
6
High-Resolution SEM Imaging Protocols
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SEM imaging was performed with several instruments: Carl Zeiss SMT Ultra 55 Plus and Supra 40 field emission scanning electron microscopes, as well as Carl Zeiss LEO 1450 equipped with a tungsten filament source. Samples were typically coated with carbon before imaging. Images were further processed in ImageJ2 (38 (link)). A false-color map was applied to all images.
7
Magnetic Permeability Measurement of Fe-Si-Cr SMCs
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The inductance of the Fe-Si-Cr SMCs was measured by the LCR bridge tester, and we calculated the magnetic permeability by using Equation (1):
where μe is the effective permeability, L is the inductance of sample core, and Le is the mean flux density path of the ring sample. N is the number of turns of the coil (N = 25), Ae is the area of cross-section.Figure 2 shows the magnetic powder core to be tested.
The microstructure of uncoated and coated Fe-Si-Cr powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, LEO1450, CARL ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany) equipped with the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS, Quanta-200, CARL ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany). FTIR was used to verify the phosphating effect and the coating effect of PI (Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS5, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). XRD was used to characterize the structure of the powder and SMCs (Rigaku Ultima IV, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The kinetics of thermal decomposition of PI was investigated using synchronous thermal analyzer (TG-DSC, Q600, METTLER-TOLEDO, DE, USA). LCR bridge tester (TH2829C, Agitek, Xi‘an, China) is used to measure the inductance of SMCs, the core loss was measured by an auto testing system for SMCs (IWATSU SY-943, IWATSU ELECTRIC, Tokyo, Japan) in the frequency range of 100 kHz−1 MHz, and the magnetic flux density was set to 50 mT.
where μe is the effective permeability, L is the inductance of sample core, and Le is the mean flux density path of the ring sample. N is the number of turns of the coil (N = 25), Ae is the area of cross-section.
The microstructure of uncoated and coated Fe-Si-Cr powder was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, LEO1450, CARL ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany) equipped with the energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS, Quanta-200, CARL ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany). FTIR was used to verify the phosphating effect and the coating effect of PI (Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS5, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). XRD was used to characterize the structure of the powder and SMCs (Rigaku Ultima IV, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). The kinetics of thermal decomposition of PI was investigated using synchronous thermal analyzer (TG-DSC, Q600, METTLER-TOLEDO, DE, USA). LCR bridge tester (TH2829C, Agitek, Xi‘an, China) is used to measure the inductance of SMCs, the core loss was measured by an auto testing system for SMCs (IWATSU SY-943, IWATSU ELECTRIC, Tokyo, Japan) in the frequency range of 100 kHz−1 MHz, and the magnetic flux density was set to 50 mT.
8
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cryogenic Plant Samples
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Fresh young leaves and stems were trimmed (±5 mm²) and were quenched in liquid nitrogen slush (−210 °C), thereafter the sections were manually fractured using a blade. The fractured samples were freeze-dried in an Edward’s Modulyo EPTD3 freeze-drier for 72 h. The freeze-dried samples were mounted onto aluminum stubs using carbon adhesive tape and the stubs were coated with gold in a Quorum 150 RES sputter coater. The samples were then analyzed using Smart SEM imaging software on the LEO 1450 (Zeiss) scanning electron microscope at a working distance of 14–17 mm (5.00 kV).
9
Morphological and Chemical Characterization of Titanosilicates
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The morphological characterization of the synthetic powders of titanosilicates (Figure 1 f) was carried out using a scanning electron microscope LEO-1450 (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Oberkochen, Germany). The chemical composition of the synthetic products was studied with an Oxford Instruments Ultim Max 100 analyzer at 20 kV, 500–1000 pA, 1–3 µm beam diameter (Geological Institute of FRC KSC RAS).
The chemical composition of mineral samples has been studied by wavelength-dispersive spectrometry using a Cameca MS-46 electron microprobe (Geological Institute, Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity) operating at 20 kV, 20–30 nA and 5 μm beam diameter.
The chemical composition of mineral samples has been studied by wavelength-dispersive spectrometry using a Cameca MS-46 electron microprobe (Geological Institute, Kola Science Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity) operating at 20 kV, 20–30 nA and 5 μm beam diameter.
10
Ultrastructural Analysis of Trichinella ventricosa
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Young and mature leaves, and young stems of T. ventricosa were hand sectioned (±5 mm²) and fixed for 24 h in 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The sections were washed with 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) and post-fixed in 0.5% osmium tetroxide for 2 h. Thereafter, the samples were washed with 0.1 M phosphate buffer and subjected to dehydration by graded concentrations of ethanol (30%, 50%, 75%, and 100%). The sections were mounted onto aluminum, stubs using double-sided adhesive carbon tape and then critically point-dried using a Quorum K850 Critical Point Dryer, and sputter-coated with gold in a Quorum Q150 RES sputter coater. Samples were viewed with a scanning electron microscope Zeiss LEO 1450 at a working distance of 14–17 mm (5.00 kV). Images were captured using SmartSEM image software.
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