Polyvinylidene fluoride co hexafluoropropylene pvdf hfp

All the materials were obtained from commercial sources without any purification. Metallic Li foil was purchased from China Energy Lithium Co., Ltd., (Φ = 15.6 mm, 99.95%). Polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP, M = 400,000) was obtained from Sigma. Tetrahydrofuran (THF, 99.9%), lithium nitrate (LiNO₃, 99.99%), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP, 99.5%), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC, 99%) were purchased from Macklin. Super-P, polyvinylidene fluoride, LiFePO₄ (LFP) and LiNi_0.87Co_0.1Mn_0.03O₂ (NCM) cathodes were purchased from Guangdong Canrd New Energy Technology Co., Ltd. The ester-based electrolyte, 1 M LiPF₆ in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) and DMC (EC/EMC/DMC, 1:1:1 by volume) with 5 wt% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as additive was supplied by Tinci Materials Technology Co, Ltd. All the operations involving Li metal anode and battery configuration were prepared inside an argon-filled Mikrouna glove box with both H₂O and O₂ concentrations below 0.1 ppm.

Graphite foils (99.8%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Ward Hill, MA, USA). Ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄, 99.5%) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, 99.5%, special grade) were purchased from Samchun Chemical Company (Seoul, Korea). Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexa-fluoropropylene (P(VDF-HFP), average MW ~400,000, pellets), 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM][TFSI], $\ge$ 98% HPLC), acetone (ACS reagent, $\ge$ 99.5%), toluene (anhydrous, $\ge$ 99.8%), and Cu etchant were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milwaukee, WI, USA). Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT, MW = 50–70 KDa, PDI = 1.4–1.6) was purchased from Solaris Chem Inc. (Vaudreuil-Dorion, QC, Canada). The anodisc membrane filter (Φ 47 mm, 0.02 μm pore size) was purchased from Whatman (Maidstone, UK). The textile substrate was obtained by cutting a laboratory coat that was made of 100% cotton fabric.