Dotarem 279.3 mg ml

MRI was performed with a 3.0 T scanner (Philips Achieva 3.0T TX, Philips N.V., Eindhoven, The Netherlands) with a body coil (Sense-XL-Torso) covering the whole abdomen from the lower thorax to the symphysis. The structured MRI protocol included transaxial, sagittal, and coronal T2-weighted sequence (repetition time (TR) 651 ms, echo time (TE) 80 ms, flip angle 90°, resolution 0.7 mm x 0.7 mm x 0.5 mm), transaxial fat-suppressed spectral attenuated inversion recovery (SPAIR) sequence (TR 744 ms, TE 70 ms, flip angle 90°), DUAL- fast field echo (FFE) sequence (TR 180 ms, TE 1.15 ms outphase and 2.30 ms inphase, flip angle 55°, resolution 1.3 mm x 1.3 mm x 5.0 mm), diffusion weighted image (DWI) sequence (TR 490 ms, TE 48 ms, flip angle 90°, resolution 1.8 mm x 1.8 mm x 5.0 mm), DCE sequences GD dyn eThrive SENSE (TR 3.8 ms, TE1.8 ms, flip angle 10°, resolution 0.9 mm x 0.9 mm x 5.0 mm, at 6.7s intervals a total of 23 timeframes) and T1w post-contrast images (TR 6.9ms, TE 3.5ms, flip angle 10°, resolution 1.5 mm x 1.5 mm x 3.0 mm). During DCE image acquisition, the contrast agent gadoterate meglumine (Dotarem 279.3 mg/ml, Guerbet, France) was injected intravenously as a bolus dose of 0.1 mmol/kg at a rate of 4 ml/s using an MRI-compatible power injector (Optistar Elite, Covidien, Los Angeles, CA, USA), followed by a 20 ml flush of 0.9% sodium chloride solution.

All CMR examinations were performed using a 1.5T system (Siemens MAGNETOM Avanto, which in summer 2013 was upgraded to a Siemens MAGNETOM Avanto^fit (both from Siemens Healthcare). The CMR scans were performed following our institutional MRI in a CIED patient safety protocol presented in detail earlier [18 (link), 19 (link)]. The CMR examinations were performed with variable protocols. Considering the CMR imaging indication, the appropriate scanning protocol was selected case by case. Typically, a CMR scan consisted of localiser imaging, cines, a T2-weighted turbo spin echo, modified Look-Locker inversion recovery T1 mapping, T2 mapping, rest perfusion and late-gadolinium-enhanced (LGE) imaging sequences. For cine imaging, bSSFP (TrueFISP) or SPGR (FLASH) sequences were used. According to our institutional protocols, bSSFP sequences are primarily used for cine and LGE image acquisition. However, SPGR sequences are used when large, CIED-induced artefacts are present over the myocardium already in the localiser images or in the first scanned bSSFP cine images. The used contrast agent was gadoteric acid—gadoterate meglumine (Dotarem® 279.3 mg/ml, Guerbet). The typical dose of contrast agent administration was 0.4 ml/kg.