The following recombinant proteins were used: Human PD-L1/Fc, human PD-1/Fc and human LAG-3/Fc protein (all from Bio-Thecne R&D Systems, Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA); Human LAG-3/His-GST and Human HLA class II histocompatibility antigen, DRA (from Cusabio Technology LLC, Houston, TX, USA); and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), a toxin produced by the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus and used as stimuli for the activation of lymphocytes (Sigma, S4881 St. Louis, MO, USA).
The following antibodies were used:
HRP-conjugated antihuman IgG (Fab’)2 goat polyclonal antibody (Abcam, Milan, Italy); anti-His-HRP-conjugated antibody (Proteintech, Deansgate, Germany);
HRP-conjugated Streptavidin (Biorad, Milan, Italy); antihuman p44/42 MAPK (T202/Y204), antihuman Cleaved Caspase-3; anti-phospho-Sapk/Jnk (T183/Y185) rabbit polyclonal antibodies (all from Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA); antivinculin monoclonal antibody (all from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Dallas, TX, USA); and HRP-conjugate anti-mouse IgG and antirabbit secondary antibodies (all from Sigma, USA). PD-L1_1 (anti-PD-L1), PD-1_1 (anti-PD-1), LAG-3_1 (anti-LAG-3). Human IgG control (unrelated) monoclonal antibodies were produced in our laboratory, as previously described [32 (
link)].
Passariello M., Yoshioka A., Takahashi K., Hashimoto S.I., Rapuano Lembo R., Manna L., Nakamura K, & De Lorenzo C. (2022). Novel Bi-Specific Immuno-Modulatory Tribodies Potentiate T Cell Activation and Increase Anti-Tumor Efficacy. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(7), 3466.