Model chi 760e

Electrochemical measurements were performed using an electrochemical workstation (Model CHI 760E, CH Instruments, Inc., Austin, TX) with a stand three-electrode photoelectrochemical cell and was used to record transient photocurrent behavior of the samples, where the prepared electrodes immersed in a sodium sulfate electrolyte solution (0.5 M, pH = 6.8), a platinum mesh and Ag/AgCl (saturated KCl) act as the working, counter, and reference electrode, respectively. The working electrodes were prepared as follows: Approximate 5 mg as-synthesized catalysts were ultrasonically dispersed in 1 mL of 3:1 (volume ratio) DI-water/ethanol mix solvent with 80 μL of Nafion solution (5%), then the mix ink (~150 μL) was uniformly dropped onto a 1 × 2 cm fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrate as work electrode and then died in an oven at 60 °C. The photo-response of the prepared photoelectrodes (I–t) was operated by measuring the photocurrent densities under chopped light irradiation (light on/off cycles: 20 s) at a bias potential of 0.3 V vs. Ag/AgCl.

All the reagents and chemicals used were of analytical grade. Ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate (NH₄)₆ Mo₇O₂₄.4H₂O, selenium metal powder (99.9%), hydrazine hydrate (N₂H₄, 80%), nickel chloride hexahydrate (NiCl₂.6H₂O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), sodium oxalate (Na₂C₂O₄) and glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Sisco Research Laboratories, Thermo Fisher Scientific and Loba Chemie. These chemicals were used without any further purifications. All solutions were prepared with Mili-Q distilled water (18.2 MΩ cm @ 25 ± 2 °C).
Electrochemical measurements were carried out by using the electrochemical workstation (Model: CHI-760E) from CH Instruments, Austin, TX, USA. Electrochemical studies were performed in a standard electrochemical cell using a three-electrode system with NiO/MoSe₂/GCE as the working electrode, Ag/AgCl (3M KCl) as the reference electrode and platinum wire as the counter (auxiliary) electrode. The blood serum samples were received from the SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu. All the experiments were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The SRMIST ethics committee was approved the experiments (Ref. No: 002/HYC/IEC/2018). Informed consents were obtained from the human participants of this study.