Nicotine tartrate

(−)-Bicuculline (BIC) chloride (20 µM, an A-type γ-aminobutyric acid [GABA] receptor antagonist), D-(−)-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (AP5, 10 µM, a N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist), 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX, 10 µM, AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist), tetrodotoxin citrate (TTX, 0.5 µM, a voltage-gated sodium channel blocker), acetylcholine (ACh, 100 µM, non-selective AChR agonist), scopolamine hydrobromide (10 nM, non-selective mAChR antagonist), mecamylamine hydrochloride (10 nM, non-selective nAChR antagonist), (−)-nicotine tartrate (100 µM, nAChR agonist), PNU282987 (10 µM, alpha7 nAChR agonist), TC2559 difumarate (10 µM, alpha4beta2 nAChR agonist), and CC4 (10 uM, alpha6beta2 nAChR agonist) were all purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). Nifedipine (1 µM, L-type voltage-gated calcium channel blocker), (+)-muscarine chloride (Mus,10 µM, non-selective mAChR agonist), cesium chloride (Cs, 5 mM, broad-spectrum blocker of inwardly rectifying potassium (Kir) channels), methoctramine hydrate (50 nM, M2 mAChR antagonist) and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA, 50 nM, protein kinase C (PKC) activator) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. NS3861 (10 µM, alpha3beta2 and alpha3beta4 nAChR agonist) and PD102807 (400 nM, M4 mAChR antagonist) were purchased from Tocris (Bristol, United Kingdom).