Aq c18

Open column chromatography was conducted using octadecylsilanized (ODS) silica gel (50 µm, YMC Ltd., Kyoto, Japan). Preparative recycling high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) was carried out by LC-9130G NEXT (Jai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) using AQ C18 (S-10 µm, 12 nm, YMC, Kyoto, Japan) and Acclaim Polar Advantage II C-18 (S-5 µm, 12 nm, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). ¹H and ¹³C-NMR, as well as 2D NMR data were recorded by a Bruker AM500 spectrometer (Bruker, Billerica, MA, USA) using Acetone-d6 or Chloroform-d with tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. UV spectra were measured using a DU650 spectrophotometer (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). HRESIMS were carried out by a Vion (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). Specific rotation ([α]) was estimated using a P-2000 Digital Polarimeter (JASCO, Tokyo, Japan). Enzymatic assays were conducted by a SpectraMax M3 Multi-mode Microplate Reader (Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, USA). All chemicals for analyses were of first grade. The root of B. chinensis [imported from China with permission of the Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA)] was purchased from a Korean pharmaceutical market (Jinju, Korea).

Open column chromatography was carried out using MCI GEL CHP20P (75–150 μm, Merck, Kenilworth, NJ, USA). Preparative recycling medium pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) and HPLC were conducted on an LC-9130G NEXT (Jai Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) using AQ C18 (S-10 μm, 12 nm, YMC, Kyoto, Japan) and Acclaim Polar Advantage II C-18 (S-5 μm, 12nm, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). One-dimensional, as well as 2D NMR spectra, were recorded by a Bruker AM500 spectrometer (Billerica, MA, USA), using either methanol-d₄ or acetone-d₆ as solvent and tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard. UV spectra were obtained using a DU650 spectrophotometer (Beckman Coulter, Brea, CA, USA). HRESIMS were conducted using Vion (Waters, Milford, MA, USA). Enzymatic assays were implemented using a SpectraMax M3 Multi−Mode microplate reader (Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, USA). The specific rotation was estimated using a P−2000 Digital Polarimeter (JASCO, Tokyo, Japan). All chemicals for analysis were of first grade. The roots of A. fruticosa were harvested at Naedong in Jinju, South Korea, in June 2017.