S 2500

Manufactured by Hitachi

Sourced in Japan

The S-2500 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) produced by Hitachi. It is designed to provide high-resolution imaging of samples at the microscopic level. The S-2500 utilizes an electron beam to scan the surface of a specimen and generate detailed images that reveal the topography and composition of the sample.

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Lab products found in correlation

E102 ion sputter, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Jnm eca500, by JEOL (1 mentions) Ir prestige 21 ftir spectrometer, by Shimadzu (1 mentions) Axis nova, by Shimadzu (1 mentions) Vn 8010, by Keyence (1 mentions) Ht7700, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Orthoimplant, by 3M (1 mentions) 700 series icp oes, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Dl70 es, by Mettler Toledo (1 mentions) Sigma lactic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) 200 esem, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Ftir 8400, by Shimadzu (1 mentions) D8 advanced, by Bruker (1 mentions) Asap 2010, by Micromeritics (1 mentions) Api 2000, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Analysette 22, by Fritsch (1 mentions) Elexys 500, by Bruker (1 mentions) D8 advance, by Bruker (1 mentions)

20 protocols using s 2500

Collagen Scaffold Conjugation with E7 Peptide

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The collagen membrane was prepared as described previously.[6 (link)] It was cut into 5.0 × 5.0 cm squares with a thickness of 1.0 mm [Figure 1a]. CBD-E7 peptides were synthesized through solid-phase peptide synthesis using Fmoc Chemistry (Scilight-Peptide Inc., Beijing, China). Next, 250 µg of CBD-E7 peptides were dissolved in 100 µl phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and added to the collagen membrane. The surface morphology of the collagen scaffold before and after treatment was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (model S-2500, Hitachi, Japan) [Figure 1b and c].Figure 1:

Collagen scaffold morphology. (a) Macroscopic view of the collagen scaffold; (b) Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image of the collagen scaffold. Scale bar =100 µm; (c) SEM image of the collagen scaffold conjugated with E7 peptide. Scale bar =100 µm.

Wang H., Yan X., Shen L., Li S., Lin Y., Wang S., Hou X.L., Shi C., Yang Y., Dai J, & Tan Q. (2014). Acceleration of wound healing in acute full-thickness skin wounds using a collagen-binding peptide with an affinity for MSCs. Burns & Trauma, 2(4), 181-186.

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Schistosomula Tegument Ultrastructure

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Parasites collected from infected mice, WT, and iNOS-KO rats at 7-day post-infection were fixed individually with 0.2 M PBS containing 2.5% glutaraldehyde (pH 7.4) at 4°C for 24 h. After washing three times with PBS and six times with distilled water, the samples were dehydrated in gradient ethanol and ethanol was exchanged with acetone and isoamyl acetate. The tegument of the schistosomula was observed and photographed using a scanning electron microscope (S-2500, Hitachi) following critical point-drying and being coated with gold.

Shen J., Yu S.F., Peng M., Lai D.H., Hide G., Wu Z.D, & Lun Z.R. (2022). iNOS is essential to maintain a protective Th1/Th2 response and the production of cytokines/chemokines against Schistosoma japonicum infection in rats. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 16(5), e0010403.

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Leaf Epidermal Characteristics Analysis

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Mature leaves were selected and peeled by a razor blade. The epidermis was stained with Safranin-O for 10‒15 min, and then dehydrated in an ethyl alcohol series, finally mounted with DePeX for a permanent slide. The stomatal index was calculated according to the method described by Salisbury (1927 (link)).
Leaf surfaces were also studied intensively by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). Small pieces of leaf (5 × 5 mm²) were dehydrated in ethanol series and sonicated to remove unwanted parts from the surfaces. After that, dried samples were coated with platinum-palladium in a sputter coater (Hitachi E-102 Ion Sputter). The cuticular patterns were observed and imaged under a Hitachi S-2500 scanning electron microscope.

Traiperm P., Chow J., Nopun P., Staples G, & Swangpol S.C. (2017). Identification among morphologically similar Argyreia (Convolvulaceae) based on leaf anatomy and phenetic analyses. Botanical Studies, 58, 25.

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Comprehensive Materials Characterization Protocol

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¹H NMR spectra were measured with a JEOL JNM ECA-500 using tetramethylsilane (TMS) as an internal standard; δ values are given in parts per million (ppm). IR spectra were measured with a SHIMADZU FTIR IRPrestige-21 spectrometer, and the values are provided in cm⁻¹. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was conducted with a Hitachi Z-2310 polarized Zeeman atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed with a Kratos AXIS-NOVA instrument. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed using a HITACHI S-2500 instrument at an acceleration voltage of 1.5 kV. Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX/SEM) was conducted using a HITACHI S-3400N/BRUKER Quantax 200 System. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was conducted using a HITACHI HT-7700 instrument at an acceleration voltage of 20 kV. Samples for TEM analysis were deposited onto a Cu grid. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was conducted with a KEYENCE VN-8010 instrument using a silicon substrate in the high amplitude mode (tapping mode) under an ambient condition.

Nagai D., Isobe N., Inoue T., Okamoto S., Maki Y, & Yamanobe T. (2022). Preparation of Various Nanomaterials via Controlled Gelation of a Hydrophilic Polymer Bearing Metal-Coordination Units with Metal Ions. Gels, 8(7), 435.

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Miniscrew Surface Characterization

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This study was conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki principles. The protocol study was evaluated and accepted by the Health Science Department Council of the University of Genova with the approval number 741. All the participants filled in an informed consent form for participation in research. Two different miniscrew were used: ORTHOImplant (3M Unitek, Monrovia, California), 1.8 mm diameter and 8 mm length (Group 1), and OrthoEasy (Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany), 1.7 mm diameter and 8 mm length (Group 2). Both devices were scanned by a 20.00 kV scanning electron microscope (model S-2500; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan), to obtain images on a micrometric scale. Images were obtained at 20 and 80 times magnifications (Fig. 1) and were then uploaded on ImageJ software (version 1.47b, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, USA). Geometrical aspects of both screws are reported in Table 1. (Fig. 1) represents a scanning electron microscope image of the two devices, with a sketch to measure their conical length (which is the length from the tip of the screw to the first thread having a diameter equal to the largest diameter of the threaded part).

Migliorati M., Drago S., Barberis F., Schiavetti I., Dalessandri D., Benedicenti S, & Biavati A.S. (2016). Torque Loss After Miniscrew Placement: An In-Vitro Study Followed by a Clinical Trial. The Open Dentistry Journal, 10, 251-260.

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Acetolysis and SEM Pollen Analysis

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Anthers from dried flower buds were treated by standard acetolysis method (Erdtman 1960 ). For light microscopy (LM), pollen was preserved in silicone oil. At least fifty grains of pollen were investigated randomly under LM. Pollen for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was dried in the air, and coated with platinum and palladium (Pt + Pd) by ion sputter (Hitachi E102). Photographs were taken under SEM (Hitachi S-2500). Pollen terminology according to an illustrated handbook (Hesse et al. 2009 ) was used to describe pollen features.

Ketjarun K., Staples G.W., Swangpol S.C, & Traiperm P. (2016). Micro-morphological study of Evolvulus spp. (Convolvulaceae): the old world medicinal plants. Botanical Studies, 57, 25.

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Scanning Electron Microscopy of Seeds

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Mature seeds were fixed in 70 % ethanol and cleaned by sonicator. Samples were fixed on a stub, coated with platinum and palladium (Pt + Pd) by ion sputter (Hitachi E102) and investigated by SEM (Hitachi S-2500). Descriptions follow Abdel Khalik and Osman (2007 (link)) and Juan et al. (1999 (link)).

Ketjarun K., Staples G.W., Swangpol S.C, & Traiperm P. (2016). Micro-morphological study of Evolvulus spp. (Convolvulaceae): the old world medicinal plants. Botanical Studies, 57, 25.

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Mineral Particle Nutrient Analysis

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The 15 mL supernatants were analyzed for nutrients devoid in the initial solution and only present in the introduced mineral particles. The concentrations of Al and Fe in the BHm condition and Ca and P in the NBRIPm condition were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (700 Series ICP-OES, AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES). The pH was measured with a pH-meter (DL70 ES, METTLER). Chemical analyses were performed in all the independent replicates, except in the noninoculated treatments for which technical replicates were analyzed. Additionally, the mineral particles were collected and a subsample was observed using a Hitachi S2500 scanning electron microscope (SEM).

Kelly L.C., Colin Y., Turpault M.P, & Uroz S. (2016). Mineral Type and Solution Chemistry Affect the Structure and Composition of Actively Growing Bacterial Communities as Revealed by Bromodeoxyuridine Immunocapture and 16S rRNA Pyrosequencing. Microbial ecology, 72(2).

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Ultrastructural Analysis of Cartilage Cells

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Cartilage specimens were subjected to fixation, gradient dehydration, and embedment. The specimens were sliced into ultra-thin sections, mounted on copper grids, and then stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate38 (link). The cells were grown on pronectin-coated Bioflex six-well culture plates and they were collected by scraping from the plates before fixing in cold Karnovsky fixative for TEM analysis. Afterward, the specimens were observed by TEM, with a Philips EM 208 TEM (Philips Scientifics, Eindhoven, Netherlands). For SEM, the specimens were dehydrated, mounted on aluminum stubs, coated with gold, and then examined using high-resolution SEM S-2500 (Hitachi Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).

Liu Q., Hu X., Zhang X., Duan X., Yang P., Zhao F, & Ao Y. (2016). Effects of mechanical stress on chondrocyte phenotype and chondrocyte extracellular matrix expression. Scientific Reports, 6, 37268.

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Bacterial Biodegradation and Resin Surface Evaluation

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Cured specimens (n = 3/group) were incubated in sterile vials containing either 3 mL of 1:4 dilution brain-heart infusion (BHI) (Becton, Dickinson and Co., Sparks, MD, USA) with pH adjusted to 5.5 using lactic acid (control) (Sigma Lactic acid, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis MO, USA), or 1:4 dilution of BHI with overnight grown S. mutans UA159 or ΔSMU_118c (experimental groups). Incubation solutions were collected every 48 hours from each group and replaced with fresh solutions. Incubation solutions were accumulated, pooled, and biodegradation by-product bisHPPP was quantified by HPLC as previously reported [9 (link)]. The purity of the bacterial culture was assessed by gram stain at each media replacement under a light microscope (Olympus® BX 51; Olympus America Inc., NY, USA) and viability was assessed by colony forming unit (CFU) on agar plates at the time interval.
Resin composite specimens were collected from each biodegradation experimental condition (n = 3) and sonicated to remove bacteria for direct observation of the materials’ surfaces. Surface morphology of specimens incubated for 30-days was observed via scanning electron microscopy (S2500, Hitachi, Mito City, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV as described previously [9 (link)].

Huang B., Sadeghinejad L., Adebayo O.I., Ma D., Xiao Y., Siqueira W.L., Cvitkovitch D.G, & Finer Y. (2018). Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis of Esterase from Streptococcus mutans are affected by Biodegradation By-product from Methacrylate Resin Composites and Adhesives. Acta biomaterialia, 81, 158-168.

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