Hyaluronic acid

Hyaluronic acid (HA) (Mw = 10–20 kDa) was purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) was purchased from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Resina Draconis (RD) was purchased from Yun Nan China. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), RPMI-1640 medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), Trypsin EDTA, and Penicillin–Streptomycin solution were purchased from Gibco (USA). Loureirin A and Loureirin B standard was purchased from Chengdu Herbpurify CO.LTD. Acetonitrile was of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade. All other reagents and solvents were of analytical reagent grade.

Hyaluronic acid (Mn = 800 000 Da), 3-amino phenylboronic acid (PBA), polyvinyl alcohol type 224 (PVA), 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), and 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazide (DPPH) were purchased from Macklin; Cur, PF, and 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All reagents were used directly without special purification.

Hyaluronic acid (HA, Mw = 170 kDa), dopamine hydrochloride (DA, 99%), and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS, 99%) were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) Sodium periodate and glycol were supplied by Shanghai Aladdin Bio-Chem Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) All the chemicals were of analytical grade and were used without further purification.

Hyaluronic acid was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) (purity 97%). Histidine and Indocyanine green (ICG, purity, 75%) were obtained from Shanghai Aladdin Biochem Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) (purity 99%). Luteolin was obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) (purity, 96%). C57BL/6 male mice (6 weeks) were purchased from the Hunan SJA Animal Laboratory (Changsha, China). Dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS, molecular weight 36,000–50,000 Dalton, colitis grade) was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Shanghai, China) Co., Ltd. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and mice tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ELISA kits were obtained from Meimian Industrial Co., Ltd. (Yancheng, China).

Hyaluronic acid was obtained from Macklin (Shanghai, China). The pET-28a (+) plasmid and Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) were obtained from Takara (Dalian, China). DNA polymerase was obtained from Vazyme (Nanjing, China). Restriction enzymes and T₄ DNA ligase were purchased from Takara (Dalian, China). Pageruler unstained protein ladder was obtained from Thermo Scientific (Wilmington, United States). All other chemicals were purchased from Sinopharm (Beijing, China).

CLT (MED80120) was purchased from Medbio Pharmaceutical Technology Company. IR-820 (N119962) and hydroxychloroquine sulfate (H141480) were purchased from Shanghai Aladdin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Hyaluronic acid (H909935) was purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Penicillin-streptomycin solution (SV30010) was manufactured by HyClone Laboratories. Fetal bovine serum albumin (FBS) (FSP500) was purchased from ExCell Bio. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (C11995500BT) was purchased from ThermoFisher Biochemical Products Co., Ltd. The ROS assay kit (S0033S), LDH assay (C0016), Calcein AM/PI cell viability/cytotoxicity assay kit (C2015S), and mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit with JC-1 (C2006) were provided by Beyotime Biotechnology. An Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis detection kit (40302ES20) was purchased from Yeasen Biotech Co., Ltd. EdU assay kit (C10310) was provided by Guangzhou RiboBio Co., Ltd. 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazoyl)-2,5-diphenyltetra tetrazolium bromide (MTT) (M2128) and N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) (A9165) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. DQ-BSA Red (D-12,051) was purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific Co., Ltd. We thank the Pub-lab of West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University for providing several laboratory instruments.

Hyaluronic acid (97%, 40–100 Kda) was obtained from Macklin Co (Wuhan, China). Methacrylic anhydride (94%, containing 0.2% topanol stabilizer) was purchased from Macklin Co (Wuhan, China). 2-Hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropio-phen one (I2959) was purchased from Aladdin Co (Shanghai, China). Sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP) (AR, 98%) was purchased from Aladdin Co (Wuhan, China). Chitosan (Deacetylation degree ≥95%, viscosity of 100–200 mpa. s) was obtained from Aladdin Co (Wuhan, China). Curcumin (368.38 (MW)) was obtained from Aladdin Co (Wuhan, China). MTS dye was brought from Promega Biotech Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). Calcein/PI Cell Viability/Cytotoxicity Assay Kit was purchased from Beyotime Biotech Inc.