Regulus 8100

Sample collections were carried out on 15, 19, and 23 days after pollination (DAP). Three self-pollinated ears of each inbred line were sampled and immediately placed on ice at each time point. Ten kernels from the middle of each ear were collected. A blade was used to cut each kernel approximately 3 mm from the top, and tweezers were used to peel off the pericarp, which was transferred into liquid nitrogen for 3 s. Frozen samples were prepared for SEM and sequencing.
A micrometer (HITACHI Regulus 8100, Japan) was used to measure the pericarp thickness of each kernel. The average pericarp thickness of three ears was regarded as the observed value and adopted for subsequent analysis. GraphPad Prism (version 8.0) was used for phenotypic data analysis.

Approximately 5 × 10⁷T. vaginalis trophozoites at the logarithmic phase were collected and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde. The parasites were postfixed for 2 h at room temperature in 1% OsO4. Then, they were dehydrated in graded ethanol and isoamyl acetate and dried with a critical point dryer. The specimens were attached to metallic stubs using carbon stickers and sputter-coated with gold for 30 s. Images were collected with a scanning electron microscope (Regulus 8100, HITACHI).
For transmission electron microscopy, T. vaginalis fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde were first preembedded in agarose and then postfixed in 1% OsO4 for 2 h at room temperature. After being dehydrated in graded ethanol and acetone, they were embedded in EMBed 812. The resin blocks were cut to 60–80 nm, and the tissues were fished onto 150-mesh cuprum grids with formvar film. Then, the sections were stained with 2% uranium acetate and 2.6% lead citrate. Images were finally collected with a transmission electron microscope (HT7700, HITACHI).

The three B. suis S2 strains were cultured to the exponential phase as described above, then inocula of the three strains were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde solution for 3 h at room temperature. After washing three times with PBS, the bacterial samples were dehydrated in an ascending ethanol gradient (30, 50, 70, 80, 90, 95, and 100% for 15 min each). After critical point drying and gold coating, bacterial cells were observed and imaged using a scanning electron microscope (Regulus8100, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan).

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses were carried out with a Germany TENSOR type II instrument, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (¹H NMR) spectra were recorded using a Bruker AVANCE III 400 MHz spectrometer with DMSO-d₆ as a solvent. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption experiments were operated with Autosorb iQ to determine the specific surface area and pore distribution of the PAA sponge. The specific surface area of the PAA sponge was calculated with the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method in the relative pressure (P/P₀) range of 0.05 to 0.35, and the pore size distribution was calculated using the Barrett–Joyner–Halanda (BJH) model. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the samples were observed by Hitachi Regulus 8100 at 5 kV and 10 μA. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images were obtained by using Hitachi HT7700 with an acceleration voltage of 100 kV. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra were received by Thermo SCIENTIFIC K-Alpha under vacuum. The concentrations of Pb(II) were determined by ICP-OES (PQ9000) and the instrument was calibrated using five standard solutions with concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 5 and 10 mg L⁻¹.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM; Regulus 8100, Hitachi) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM; HT7800, Hitachi) were used to observe the surface topography and microstructure of the RM, RMA, air‐laid paper, RMA‐P, and SA aerogel. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments of GO and RMA were conducted on a PHI QUANTERA‐II SXM. The functional groups of the composite materials were analyzed by a Fourier transform infrared (FT‒IR) spectrometer (NICOLET iS50, USA). A LabRAM HR 800UV (HORIBA Jobin Yvon, France) with an operating wavelength of 532 nm was used for recording Raman spectra of composite materials. X‐ray diffraction (XRD; Bruker, Germany) was used to reveal the crystal structure from 10° to 80°. The optical absorption performance was recorded by UV−vis−NIR spectrophotometry (UV‒vis‒NIR; LAMBDA 1050, Japan). The zeta potential was measured by a zeta potential instrument (Zetasizer Nano ZS ZEN3600, Malvern Instruments, UK). A multimeter (UNI‐T‐UT61E+) was used to measure the voltage and current generated by water evaporation.

PS-MPs were obtained from the Tianjin Baseline ChromTech Research Centre (2.5 percent w/v, 10 mL) (Tianjin, China). The PS-MPs employed in the investigation have a diameter of 1 μm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was performed to characterize the morphology of the PS-MPs (Regulus 8100, Hitachi, Japan). Spectroscopy dispersion was used to determine the diameter of the PS-MPs suspended in ultra-pure water (Zetasizer Nano ZS90, Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK) and chemical components were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, Nicolet iS50, Shanghai, China). Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) and Macklin Reagents, Ltd. (Shanghai, China) provided the NAC and Sal, respectively.

Leaf samples were cut into about 3 × 5-mm pieces. After being fixed in specimen holders, each tissue fragment was frozen in liquid nitrogen and coated with gold particles in a preparation chamber. The wax deposition and distribution patterns were observed from the leaf surfaces of the two inbred lines with a scanning electron microscope (Regulus 8100, Hitachi, Japan).