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Doxorubicin hydrochloride dox

Manufactured by Apollo Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom

Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic used in the treatment of various types of cancer. It is a red-orange crystalline powder that is soluble in water and alcohol. The core function of DOX is to interfere with the growth and division of cancer cells by inhibiting topoisomerase II, an enzyme essential for DNA replication and transcription.

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4 protocols using doxorubicin hydrochloride dox

1

Layer-by-Layer Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery

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For the LbL assembly, chitosan (CH) as polycation and chondroitin sulfate (CS) as polyanion were purchased by Sigma-Aldrich (UK). Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX; 98.0–102.0% HPLC, Apollo Scientific Ltd) and docetaxel (DTX, purity > 99.0%, Apollo Scientific Ltd) were the selected drugs incorporated in the LbL-functionalized nanoparticles. Both drugs were dissolved separately in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (≥99.7%) and phosphate buffer saline solution (PBS) (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) in a volume ratio 1:1, to achieve 10 mM and 600 μM, respectively, and then stored in a freezer set at −20 °C before further use. For the synthesis of the CQDs, chitin (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) was selected as starting biomass. Sodium chloride (NaCl) salt (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) was used and added to the ice bath in the pyrolysis set up to get the carbon dots. Deionized water was obtained throughout Milli-Q® Water Purification System (IQ 7005, Merk, UK).
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2

Lipid-based Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery

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1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DOPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DSPC), 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (DSPE-PEG2000), were generous gifts from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Lancashire, UK). Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), cholesterol (Chol), dextrose, 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), indocyanine green (ICG), phosphate buffered saline (PBS) tablets, sodium chloride (NaCl), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Ltd. (Dorset, UK). Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was purchased from Apollo Scientific (Cheshire, UK). Deionized water (DW; Ultrapure water, 18.2 MΩ) was used throughout the experiment. All chemicals were used without further purification.
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3

Dual-Targeted Theranostic Nanoparticles for Breast Cancer

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Poly(lactide-co-glycolide)-co-poly (ethylene glycol) (mPEG5000-PLGA, MW: 15 kDa) was purchased from Jinan Daigang Bio-Tech. Inc., Jinan, P. R. China. 1,2dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC), 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycerol-3-phospho-(1-rac-glycerol) (DPPG), and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine-polyethyleneglycol-2000 (DPPE-PEG2000) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids, Inc. (Alabaster, AL). Perfluoropentane (PFP) and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) were obtained from Apollo Scientific Ltd (Cheshire, UK) and J&K China Chemical Ltd (Beijing, P. R. China), respectively. All other reagents were of analytical grade.
Human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 was supplied by the Institute of Ultrasound Imaging of Chongqing Medical University. The cells were maintained in high glucose Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. Four-week-old BALB/c female nude mice were supplied by the Laboratory Animal Center in Chongqing Medical University and fed in accordance with the guidelines of the local animal care committee of Chongqing Medical University. All animal experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Chongqing Medical University.
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4

Doxorubicin Liposome Formulation

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(DSPE-PEG2000), were generous gifts from Lipoid GmbH (Ludwigshafen, Germany).
Doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) was purchased from Apollo Scientific (Cheshire, UK). Ammonium sulfate ((NH4)2SO4), cholesterol (Chol), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), phosphate buffered saline (PBS) tablets, sodium chloride (NaCl), Triton™ X-100 were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Dorset, UK). Ethanol absolute was purchased from VWR (Leicestershire, UK).
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