Wire 4

Manufactured by Renishaw

Sourced in United Kingdom

WiRE 4.2 is a software package designed to control and analyze data from Renishaw's Raman spectroscopy systems. It provides a user interface for instrument operation and data processing.

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Lab products found in correlation

Invia confocal raman microscope, by Renishaw (3 mentions) Invia reflex raman, by Renishaw (3 mentions) Newton 970, by Oxford Instruments (3 mentions) Invia confocal raman spectrometer, by Renishaw (2 mentions) Invia raman microscope system, by Renishaw (2 mentions) 785 nm diode laser, by Renishaw (2 mentions) Invia reflex raman confocal multilaser spectrometer, by Renishaw (2 mentions) Planapo, by Olympus (2 mentions) Invia raman microscope, by Renishaw (1 mentions) Invia qontor, by Renishaw (1 mentions) Invia system, by Renishaw (1 mentions) Invia reflex confocal raman microscope, by Renishaw (1 mentions) Dm2500 microscope, by Leica camera (1 mentions) Invia raman spectrometer, by Leica camera (1 mentions) Matlab r2016b, by MathWorks (1 mentions) Dm2500m, by Leica camera (1 mentions) Invia, by Renishaw (1 mentions) Nano zs90, by JEOL (1 mentions) Synergy h1 hybrid multi mode reader, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions) Jem 2100f, by JEOL (1 mentions)

35 protocols using wire 4

Raman Imaging of Xanthophyll-Containing GUVs

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Raman spectroscopy was carried out using an inVia confocal Raman microscope (Renishaw, UK) with argon laser (Stellar-REN, Modu-Laser™, USA) operating at 457 nm (set at 70 μW power at the sample), equipped with 60x water immersed objective (Olympus Plan Apo NA = 1.2). Optical images of xanthophyll-containing GUV were obtained and elaborated with WiRE 4.1 software (Renishaw, UK). Based on such images, areas of approximately 10 μm × 10 μm for Raman scanning were selected and mapped with 0.5 μm spatial resolution. For the purpose of this study, all the images were recorded with a light intensity as low as possible. At each point of Raman image map the spectra were recorded with about 1 cm⁻¹ spectral resolution (2400 lines/mm grating) in spectral region 350–1900 cm⁻¹ using EMCCD detection camera Newton 970 from Andor, UK. Images were acquired with use of the Renishaw WiRE 4.1 system at high resolution mapping mode (HR maps). Acquisition time for a single spectrum was 0.1 s. All spectra were pre-processed by cosmic ray removing, noise filtering and baseline correction using WiRE 4.2 software from Renishaw, UK. At least 10 giant unilamellar vesicles with lutein and zeaxanthin were imaged and analyzed. Representative images are presented in the paper.

Grudzinski W., Nierzwicki L., Welc R., Reszczynska E., Luchowski R., Czub J, & Gruszecki W.I. (2017). Localization and Orientation of Xanthophylls in a Lipid Bilayer. Scientific Reports, 7, 9619.

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SERS Imaging of Bimetallic Nanoparticles

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Raman and darkfield images were acquired on a Renishaw InVia Raman microscope running WiRE 4.3 software (Renishaw, Wotton-under-Edge, UK). The system was configured to utilize an upright microscope, piezo stage, 633 nm (HeNe) excitation, 50×/0.75 NA Leica darkfield objective (Leica Microsystems, Cambridge, UK), 1800 l/mm grating and either the native Renishaw CCD camera or Andor EMCCD. Experimental parameters, including collection time (0.2 s Renishaw, 0.075 s EMCCD) and laser power (0.5 mW at sample) were optimized to ensure optimal SERS signal was observed from BFNP. The size of individual Raman maps varied from scan to scan; however, the same step size (1 μm) was used in both the x and y directions for each scan. Scan areas are highlighted throughout by a black box with a broken line.

Noonan J., Asiala S.M., Grassia G., MacRitchie N., Gracie K., Carson J., Moores M., Girolami M., Bradshaw A.C., Guzik T.J., Meehan G.R., Scales H.E., Brewer J.M., McInnes I.B., Sattar N., Faulds K., Garside P., Graham D, & Maffia P. (2018). In vivo multiplex molecular imaging of vascular inflammation using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Theranostics, 8(22), 6195-6209.

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Raman Spectroscopy Analysis of Dentin Collagen

Cited 1 time

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The collagen quality/maturity [28 (link),29 (link),30 (link)], the post-translational modifications of the extracellular matrix [28 (link),30 (link)] and the presence of pentosidine [28 (link),31 (link),32 (link)] were determined in crown and root dentin following mechanical measurements after 21-day incubation using Raman spectral range from 820 to 1900 cm⁻¹, recorded with a 633 nm excitation diode laser (inVia Raman, Renishaw, Wooton Under Edge, UK). Spectral acquisitions were done (accumulations: 60; time for each spectrum: 1 s) at a laser power of 100%. Six spectra for each specimen were obtained with a resolution of ± 4 cm⁻¹. Each spectrum was baseline corrected and normalized using WiRE 4.3 software (Renishaw). The collagen maturity was estimated by the ratio of non-reducible trivalent (1656 cm⁻¹)/reducible divalent collagen crosslinks (1684 cm⁻¹) peak areas. The extracellular matrix modifications were evaluated by the ratio of hydroxyproline (873 cm⁻¹)/proline (917 cm⁻¹) band area. Pentosidine accumulation was measured by the peak area ratio of pentosidine band (1495 cm⁻¹ and 1363cm⁻¹)/CH₂ wag (1450 cm⁻¹). Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and post hoc tests for comparisons among groups (α = 0.05).

Alania Y., Trevelin L.T., Hussain M., Zamperini C.A., Mustafa G, & Bedran-Russo A.K. (2019). On the bulk biomechanical behavior of densely cross-linked dentin matrix: the role of induced-glycation, regional dentin sites and chemical inhibitor. Journal of the mechanical behavior of biomedical materials, 103, 103589.

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Raman Spectroscopy of Inorganic Compounds

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Samples (100 μl) were inspected on cavity soda-lime glass slides under glass cover-slips. Raman spectra were recorded with a Renishaw inVia Confocal Raman microscope with excitation wavelength of 532 nm at 100% power and 50× objective lens. The baseline of each spectrum was corrected using WiRE 4.4 software (Renishaw). BaSO₄ peaks were identified from literature.^{46 (link)}

Kunstmann-Olsen C., Belić D., Bradley D.F., Danks S.P., Diaz Fernandez Y.A., Grzelczak M.P., Hill A.P., Qiao X., Raval R., Sorzabal-Bellido I, & Brust M. (2021). Ion shuttling between emulsion droplets by crown ether modified gold nanoparticles. Nanoscale Advances, 3(11), 3136-3144.

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Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Resin Composite Curing

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DC was determined using a Raman spectrophotometer (inVia Qontor, Renishaw, New Mills, UK). In the first step, the unpolymerized resin composite luting materials were directly applied on a microscope slide to record the Raman scattering of the unpolymerized material (R_{unpolymerized}). Ten measurements were performed for each material to obtain an average value for R_{unpolymerized}. Raman spectra of the light-polymerized specimens (R_polymerized) were recorded at all aging intervals. The single mode laser operated at a wavelength of 785 nm. After calibration of the system, Raman scattering was measured with 100% laser power and an irradiation time of 10 s. The obtained data were processed using WiRE 4.4 software (Renishaw). Band heights at peaks 1610 cm⁻¹ and 1640 cm⁻¹ were automatically determined by the software using curve fit function (Fig. 2). DC was calculated as follows:Fig. 2

Raman spectrum with peaks at 1610 cm⁻¹ and 1640 cm⁻¹ (DuoCem, Coltene/Whaledent AG)

DC (%) = 100^{*} [1 - \frac{R_{polymerized}}{R_{unpolymerized}}], where R = \frac{{band height at 1640 cm}^{- 1}}{{band height at 1610 cm}^{- 1}} .

Kelch M., Stawarczyk B, & Mayinger F. (2021). Time-dependent degree of conversion, Martens parameters, and flexural strength of different dual-polymerizing resin composite luting materials. Clinical Oral Investigations, 26(1), 1067-1076.

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Raman Spectroscopic Analysis of Adenomyosis

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Raman spectra were obtained using a commercial Raman micro-spectrometer (Renishaw, InVia system) at 532 nm excitation wave number, which was focused onto the muscles using a 50× (NA = 0.75) objective for an integration time of 10 s. Cosmic ray was removed after acquiring each spectrum using the Renishaw WiRE 4.4 software. The experimental setup and its schematic illustration are shown in Figure 1.
Because the Raman microscope displays spectrum images of substances in a limited range, different substances display different Raman signals, so the carrier glass carrying tissue slices will inevitably display their own Raman signals. At this time, the glass is measured separately to display the Raman signal of the glass itself as a reference (red in Figure 2), so that the peak value of the glass and the characteristic peak value of adenomyosis can be distinguished.
We first identified the characteristic wave number range in the range of 500–3,000 cm^–1. As shown in Figure 2, the characteristic wave number is about 1,200 and 1,500 cm^–1, so we set the wave number range at 900–1,600 cm^–1 to facilitate the experiment.

Shen Z., He Y., Shen Z., Wang X., Wang Y., Hua Z., Jiang N., Song Z., Li R, & Xiao Z. (2022). Novel exploration of Raman microscopy and non-linear optical imaging in adenomyosis. Frontiers in Medicine, 9, 969724.

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Microscale Raman Spectral Imaging

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Raman spectral analysis and imaging on a microscale was carried out with inVia Reflex confocal Raman microscope (Renishaw, UK) with Cobolt o8-NLD 405 nm laser (power at a sample 0.2 mW). Water immersed objective (Olympus NA = 1.2, 60×) was applied during the experiments. In each pixel of the map, a Raman spectrum was recorded in the region between 953–3033 cm⁻¹, with the application of a 2400 lines/mm grating (1 cm⁻¹ spectral resolution) and EMCCD Newton 970 camera (Andor Technology, UK) cooled to minus 50 °C. Spectrum acquisition time was set to 0.1 s. All results were analyzed by DCLS spectral deconvolution using Wire 4.4 software (Renishaw, UK).

Grela E., Piet M., Luchowski R., Grudzinski W., Paduch R, & Gruszecki W.I. (2018). Imaging of human cells exposed to an antifungal antibiotic amphotericin B reveals the mechanisms associated with the drug toxicity and cell defence. Scientific Reports, 8, 14067.

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Raman Spectroscopy of Collagen Hydrogels

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A Renishaw (Wotton-under-edge, UK) In-Via Raman Spectrometer with coupled Leica (Wetzlar, Germany) DM2500 Microscope, 785nm NIR monochromatic excitation source, 1200mm⁻¹ grating, and a 1” Deep Depletion CCD camera was used to compare the structural characteristics of human and xenogenic collagen. Collagen hydrogels (6 mg/mL) were synthesized atop roughened aluminum slides to minimize background interference. Image acquisition and initial analyses were performed in the Renishaw WiRE 4.4 software. An exposure time of 3 seconds with 3 accumulations was used for each acquisition, with sample set totaling 1000. A 9^th order polynomial ModPoly Fit background removal, cosmic ray removal, and spectral average features were performed in the WiRE 4.4 software.

Schmitt T., Kajave N.S., Cai H.H., Gu L., Albanna M, & Kishore V. (2020). In Vitro Characterization of Xeno-Free Clinically Relevant Human Collagen and Its Applicability in Cell-laden 3D Bioprinting. Journal of biomaterials applications, 35(8), 912-923.

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Raman Spectroscopy Data Analysis

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Data obtained with the Renishaw
Raman microscope were first analyzed using the WiRE4.4 software (Renishaw,
Wotton-under Edge, U.K.) to correct the baseline in the spectra (i.e.,
intelligent 11th polynomial order) and eliminate cosmic rays. Data
obtained from the confocal Raman microscope Alpha300R were analyzed
with the ProjectFIVE(+) software (WITec GmbH, Ulm, Germany) software,
to correct the baseline (shape subtraction, furnished by the program)
and eliminate cosmic rays.

Lenzi E., Henriksen-Lacey M., Molina B., Langer J., de Albuquerque C.D., Jimenez de Aberasturi D, & Liz-Marzán L.M. (2022). Combination of Live Cell Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Imaging with Chemometrics to Study Intracellular Nanoparticle Dynamics. ACS Sensors, 7(6), 1747-1756.

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Raman Spectral Analysis of Samples

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Raman spectral data were pre-processed using WiRE 4.2 (Renishaw, United Kingdom), with baseline corrected and smoothed, and cosmic rays were removed if existing. Before analysis, the Raman shift in each spectrum was cut into the ‘fingerprint’ region from 600 to 1800 cm⁻¹, which removed the Raman peak of the quartz glass substrate. The Raman intensity was normalized and unified as the relative intensity of arbitrary unit (a.u.) using OriginPro 9.1. (OriginLab Corp., Northampton, MA, United States) (Zhao et al., 2007 (link); Zhang et al., 2010a (link); Zhang et al., 2010b (link)). All spectral data were corrected for baseline translation and shift phenomena using the EMSC (extended multiplicative signal correction) algorithm, assuming the average of all spectral data as the ideal spectrum(Popp et al., 2018 (link)). Multivariate statistical analysis methods i.e. SVM, PCA, LDA, QDA were carried out with MATLAB R2016b (MathWorks, Inc., United States) and The Unscramble@10.4 (CAMO, Oslo, Norway).

Wen J., Tang T., Kanwal S., Lu Y., Tao C., Zheng L., Zhang D, & Gu Z. (2021). Detection and Classification of Multi-Type Cells by Using Confocal Raman Spectroscopy. Frontiers in Chemistry, 9, 641670.

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