Iron oxide

Ten mice with POF were used in this stage. Five mice were injected through the tail vein with 0.5×10⁶ of MSCs supplemented in free media. Injection was done on day 4 after CPA injection, the time of complete disappearance of the primordial follicles from the ovary. The MSCs were labeled with iron oxide (Sigma Chemical) and injected through the tail vein of another 5 mice with POF.
The injected animals were sacrificed 21 days after MSCs injection and the ovaries were collected in formalin or normal saline. In the first 5 injected animals, routine hematoxylin and eosin staining of 4–5 µm sections was done to evaluate the morphologic changes of the ovary after MSCs injection. The number of atretic primordial, primary, and preantral follicles was then determined. Immature follicles were scored as atretic if the oocytes were degenerating (convoluted, condensed) or fragmented. Grossly atretic immature follicles lacking oocyte remnants were not included in the analyses. In the 5 animals injected with labeled MSCs, testing for the homing of MSCs in the ovaries was done by staining of the ovarian sections with Prussian blue for iron oxide labeling of the newly formed oocytes.

All chemicals, viz., alcohols
(methanol, isopropyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, octanol) and carboxylic
acid feedstock (adipic acid, stearic acid, and ptathalic anhydride)
were purchased from commercial vendors. GC analytical standards were
purchased from Sigma. Individual oxides, viz., silica (SiO₂ 100–200 mesh size), alumina (C504-type), and iron oxide were
purchased from Sigma-Merck. Reactants were used without purification.
Various fly ash samples were collected from different industries;
those collected from the steel manufacturing industry were named as
FS-1, with FP-1 for those from the thermal power industry and FC-1
for those from the alkali chemical industry. All fly ash catalysts
were used without modification. During the reuse experiments, the
fly ash was calcined at 500 °C for 1 h. For the control esterification
reaction, the mixture of oxides was prepared through physical mixing,
and the percentage of individual oxides in the mixture was kept as
per the composition of the FS-1 fly ash catalyst.