The mean value of the blood pressure (BP) of participants was measured twice in the right arm in the seated position using an oscillometric device (DINAMAP ProCare 200, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA). Venous blood samples were obtained after 12 hours of fasting to determine the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP). FPG was measured using ultraviolet assay with hexokinase (Cobas 8000 C702, Roche, Mannheim, Germany). Insulin was measured using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (Cobas 8000 e802, Roche, Mannheim, Germany). HDL-C and LDL-C were measured using a homogeneous enzymatic colorimetric test (Cobas 8000 C702, Roche, Mannheim, Germany). TG, AST, ALT, and GGT were measured using enzymatic assay (Cobas 8000 C702, Roche, Mannheim, Germany). CRP was measured using turbidimetric immunoassay (Cobas 8000 C702, Roche, Mannheim, Germany). The homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to determine insulin sensitivity, and was calculated using the following formula: (FPG Level (in milligrams per deciliter) × Fasting Plasma Insulin Level (in microunits per milliliter))/405.
Dinamap procare 200
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
The Dinamap Procare 200 is a vital signs monitor designed for use in a variety of healthcare settings. It is capable of automatically measuring a patient's blood pressure, pulse rate, and temperature.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
11 protocols using dinamap procare 200
1
Comprehensive Cardiometabolic Assessment Protocol
2
Resting and Ambulatory Blood Pressure
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Resting blood pressure was measured in triplicate in the nondominant arm using a validated oscillometric sphygmomanometer (Dinamap Procare 200; GE Healthcare, United Kingdom) after 15 minutes of supine rest. The mean of the last 2 brachial blood pressure measurements was used in analysis. Subjects also underwent 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (Mobil-O-Graph; IEM GmbH, Stolberg, Germany).
3
Anthropometric Measurements and Blood Pressure Evaluation
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When subjects visited the hospital for follow-up, their anthropometric measurements and BP were evaluated by trained researchers. Height and weight were measured with no shoes while wearing light clothing using a stadiometer and a calibrated scale (DS-102; Dong Sahn Jenix Co. Ltd., Seoul, Korea). BMI was calculated as weight divided by height in meters squared. The sex- and age-specific z-scores of height, weight, and BMI were calculated based on the 2007 Korean Children and Adolescent National Growth Charts.10
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured twice using an automated instrument (Dinamap Procare 200; GE Inc., Milwaukee, WI, USA) with the correct cuff size with the subject in a stable position. The correct cuff size was determined based on the circumference of the upper arm. Two measurements, taken within 5 minutes of each other, were averaged. Generally, a BP between the 90th and 94th percentiles in children is considered prehypertension and a BP ≥ 95th percentile is considered hypertension.16 (link) In this study, children with an average SBP or DBP ≥ 90th percentile or > 120/80 mmHg were defined as having elevated BP.
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured twice using an automated instrument (Dinamap Procare 200; GE Inc., Milwaukee, WI, USA) with the correct cuff size with the subject in a stable position. The correct cuff size was determined based on the circumference of the upper arm. Two measurements, taken within 5 minutes of each other, were averaged. Generally, a BP between the 90th and 94th percentiles in children is considered prehypertension and a BP ≥ 95th percentile is considered hypertension.16 (link) In this study, children with an average SBP or DBP ≥ 90th percentile or > 120/80 mmHg were defined as having elevated BP.
4
Measuring Arterial Stiffness: A Protocol
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Participants rested for 15 min in a seated position, and three consecutive blood pressure readings were recorded on the non-dominant upper arm, using a noninvasive oscillometric device (Dinamap ProCare 200, GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA). The brachial and ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) was measured using a volume-plethysmographic apparatus (VP-1000 Plus system, Omron Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan). Measurements of baPWV were repeated twice, and the mean value of the right and left sides was used as the baPWV value. The radial artery pressure waveform was recorded simultaneously, using an automated tonometry system (HEM-9000AI, Omron Healthcare, Tokyo, Japan), to estimate the central arterial pressure. All measurements were determined by one trained staff, who was blinded to the study design and objectives. The average value of two measures was considered for statistical analysis.
5
Brachial Blood Pressure Measurement
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After a 10-min rest, duplicate brachial BP measurements were done on the left and right arms, with a 5-min interval in-between, whilst participants were seated (Dinamap® Procare 200; GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA). BP were measured in a temperature-controlled room in the research clinic, with a single researcher present. Hypertension using office BP was defined as SBP ≥140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥90.
6
Resting and Ambulatory Blood Pressure
7
Anthropometric Measurements and Blood Pressure
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Body weight was measured with calibrated electronic scales, and height was measured with a stadiometer. WC was measured using a metal anthropometric tape at the midway point between the lowest rib and the iliac crest in a standing position at minimal respiration. BMI was calculated. BP was measured 3 times in the supine position after 10 min of quiet rest, using an automatic oscillometric method (Dinamap Procare 200; GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA).
8
Standardized Home Blood Pressure Monitoring
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BP evaluations will be conducted at enrollment; randomization; and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Patients will be seated upright with right arm resting on a table at heart level and a proper cuff size will be fitted. A Dinamap Pro-Care 200 BP device (GE Healthcare, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom) will be used to take the clinic BP measurements. The Dinamap has been validated following standard auscultatory methods from the British Hypertension Society and the Association for Advancement of Medical Instrumentation [66 (link)]. The Dinamap, as well as all other BP devices used in the trial, are calibrated according to the manufacturers’ specifications. A reading will be taken immediately, after 5 minutes of rest, and following a 2-minute interval. The average of the last two readings will be used in the analyses. Subjects in the SMASK group will use the same protocol (ie, a series of 3 BP readings with 5 and 2 minutes in between the first and second readings and between the second and third readings, respectively) at home for BP self-monitoring. This functionality will be embedded within the SMASK app and automatically guide the participants through the protocol with audio guides, timer count downs, and chimes when each waiting period is complete.
9
Anthropometric and Blood Pressure Measurements
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Heights and weights without shoes and with light clothing were measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a stadiometer and to the nearest 0.1 kg using a calibrated weighing scale, respectively (DS-102; Dong Sahn Jenix, Seoul, Korea). Body mass index (BMI; kg/m2) was calculated as weight divided by height squared.
After the subjects had been seated comfortably for 5 minutes, BP was measured twice using an automatic BP monitor (Dinamap ProCare 200; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with a cuff size appropriate for the circumference of the upper left arm. The average of two measurements was used for the statistical analysis.
After the subjects had been seated comfortably for 5 minutes, BP was measured twice using an automatic BP monitor (Dinamap ProCare 200; GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI, USA) with a cuff size appropriate for the circumference of the upper left arm. The average of two measurements was used for the statistical analysis.
10
Blood Pressure Measurement Procedure
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Blood pressure (BP) was assessed according to US National High Blood Pressure Education Program (NHBPEP) 4th report guidelines using three repeat oscillometric measurements (Dinamap ProCare 200, GE) at rest in sitting position after 15 min rest. A difference of <5 mm Hg between measures was deemed appropriate. The mean of the two lowest readings were used in analyses. Systolic BP and diastolic BP z-scores were generated using the 4th report reference.
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