Ethyl alcohol

ATP-disodium salt (ATP-2Na) (99%), ADP-disodium salt (ADP-2Na) (≧95%), AMP-disodium salt (AMP-2Na) (99%), DHB (98%), CHCA (98%), and aniline were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tri-n-Butylamine and 1-methylimidazole were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Tewksbury, MA, USA). Butylamine and tri-n-propylamine were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Pyridine was purchased from Showa (Saitama, Japan). Methyl alcohol (≥99.9%), ethyl alcohol (≥99.9%), and acetonitrile (≥99.9%) were purchased from Avantor (Radnor, PA, USA). The chemicals were used without further purification and pretreatment before experiments. Water was purified using a purification system (PORETECH, Ultrapure water system, Taiwan); all organic solvents were all HPLC grade.

Di(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (95%, D), copper (I) chloride (98%, CuCl), ethyl α-bromoisobutyrate (EBB, 98%), propargyl chloroformate (96%), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (99%, DMAP), 2-azido-1,3-dimethylimidazoliniumhexafluoro phosphate (97%, ADMP), and triethylamine (98%, TEA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Poznan, Poland). The 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride (>98%, A) was received from Polysciences Inc. (Warrington, PA, USA). The 2,2′-bipyridine (99%, Bpy) was purchased from Alfa Aesar (Karlsruhe, Germany). Methyl alcohol (99.8%), ethyl alcohol (98%), dichloromethane (99.8%, DCM), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and tetrahydrofuran (99.5%, THF) were purchased from Avantor™ Performance Materials (Gliwice, Poland). The DCM and DMF were distilled before use. The THF was distilled over potassium hydroxide before use. The water used to prepare polymer solutions was purified using a commercial ion exchange system (Hydrolab Company, Straszyn, Poland). The polymer solutions were kept overnight at 8 °C before use. Other reagents were used as received.

Ethyl alcohol (96%, pure p.a.), hydrochloric acid (35–38%; pure p.a.), sodium hydroxide (microgranules; pure p.a.), hydrogen peroxide (30%), citric acid (anhydrous) and calcium chloride (anhydrous, pure p.a., granules) were bought in Avantor Performance Materials Poland (Gliwice, Poland). Chitosan (low molecular weight 50,000–190,000 Da), phosphate buffer (PBS, tablets), alginate (sodium salt of alginic acid) and nisin were obtained from Sigma Aldrich S.A. (Darmstadt, Germany).

Natural fibers: Osmotically degummed flax fibers prepared by INF&MP—NRI (Flax fibers); reagents for silanization: Acetic acid 80% pure p.a. and ethyl alcohol 96% pure p.a. supplied by Avantor Performance Materials Poland S.A., Gliwice, Poland, 3—(diethylenetriamine) propyltrimethoxysilane (silane VII) and vinyl trimethoxysilane (silane VIII) provided by Unisil Sp. Z o.o., Tarnów, Poland.

The industrial-grade, low-viscosity aliphatic triepoxidetriglycidyl ether of trimethylolethane (Erisys GE-31), abbreviated to TMETGE, was purchased from Huntsman, (Houston, TX, USA). Acrylic acid (AA) and methacrylic acid (MAA), both stabilized with hydroquinone with a purity of 99.5%, was supplied by Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Triphenylphosphine (PPh3), Apollo Scientific, Bredbury, UK, was used as a catalyst in the reaction between TMETGE and AA or MAA, while hydroquinone (HQ, Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium) was used as a polymerization inhibitor. All chemicals were employed as received.
The following titration reagents and indicators were used: glacial acetic acid, toluene, potassium hydroxide standard solution 0.1 M in ethanol (KOH) and crystal violet purchased from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland); chloroform from PPH Stanlab (Lublin, Poland); ethyl alcohol from Avantor (Gliwice, Poland); tetraethylammonium bromide provided by Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium); perchloric acid standard solution 0.1 M in glacial acetic acid supplied by Fischer Chemicals AG (Zurich, Switzerland); phenolophtalein 1% in ethyl alcohol solution from Eurochem BGD (Tarnów, Poland). All chemicals were analytical grade and were used as received.

Reference standards (n = 21, purity ≥ 98%) (AMI, CIT, CLO, DES, DOX, FLX, FLV, IMI, MAP, MIA, MIR, MOC, NOR, OPI, PAR, PRO, SER, TIA, TRA, TRI, and VEN) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, US = Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany). The isotope-labeled standard (purity ≥ 98%) FLX-d5 and SER-d3 were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals, VEN-d6 (0.1 mg/mL in methanol) from LoGiCal (LGC, Luckenwalde, Germany). Ammonia solution 25% and ethyl alcohol 96% were obtained from Avantor Performance Materials (Gliwice, Poland). Methanol and acetic acid glacial (anhydrous for analysis, EMSURE^®) were purchased from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Ammonium acetate was obtained from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland). Surfactant Triton^TMX-114 was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).

The standard compounds and reagents of resazurin sodium salt, dimethyl sulfoxide, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, 2-phenoxyethanol, acetylsalicylic acid, ibuprofen, acetaminophen, chlorhexidine, phosphate-buffered saline tablet were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). The standards of sakuranetin, pinobanksin, pinocembrin, pinostrombin, galangin, apigenin, chrysin, kaempferol were obtained from ChemFaces Biochemical (Wuhan, China). Ethyl alcohol was from Avantor Performance Materials (Gliwice, Poland). Ultrapure water (18.0 MΩ) was obtained with the Milli-Q Advantage A10 system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The absorbance of the reaction mixture in resazurin assays was measured using the SPARK^® multimode microplate reader (Tecan, Männedorf, Switzerland).