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2 protocols using humic acids has

1

Preparation and Quantification of Organic Compounds in Water Samples

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Standards of 4-nonylphenol (85% content of para-isomers), fluorene, anthracene, pyrene, dibutyl phthalate, di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, acenaphthene-d10, phenol-d6, benzyl benzoate and phenanthrene-d10 and humic acids (HAs) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, and 4-tert-octylphenol was supplied by Fluka. Stock standard solutions of the organic compounds were prepared in toluene obtained from Caledon Laboratories Ltd. (final concentration approximately 5000 ng/μL), and working standards for spiking water samples were prepared in acetone from Fisher Scientific (final concentration approximately 100 ng/μL). Acenaphthene-d10 and benzyl benzoate were used as surrogate standards, whereas phenol-d6 and phenanthrene-d10 served as internal standards. Internal and calibration standards of analytes were prepared in toluene. All solutions were stored in amber glass bottles at −18 °C until use.
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2

TiO2 NF and Polyamide NF Membranes

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Commercially available, small-scale tubular (monochannel tubes having an outer diameter of 1 cm, and an inner diameter of 0.7 cm) TiO 2 NF membranes (denoted Native), with an average pore diameter 0.9 nm were acquired from the company Inopor Gmbh. The molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) communicated by the supplier is 450 Da, characteristic for NF membranes (200 < MWCO < 1000 Da). Flat sheet, thin film composite polyamide NF membranes (denoted PolyA) having a backing material of polyester, and a total membrane thickness of 0.0065 inches (0.165 mm) were provided by Synder Filtration. The MWCO as communicated by the supplier is 600 Da, again in the correct range for NF membranes. All necessary chemicals such as methyl phosphonic acid, methyl magnesium bromide, propyl magnesium bromide, phenyl magnesium bromide, calcium chloride , and humic acids (HAs) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich chemical company. Fulvic acids (FAs) was purchased from a company named Wuhan Shengtong Jinde Chemical Co., Ltd, China. The alkaline cleaning agent P3 Ultrasil 110 was delivered by Ecolab manufacturers. Pure water (reverse osmosis quality water) with a conductivity of less than 15 µs/cm and pH 6.5 -7 was used for all filtration experiments and as a solvent for phosphonic acids graftings.
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