Zetasizer nano z

Manufactured by Malvern Panalytical

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The Zetasizer Nano ZS is a dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument designed to measure the size and zeta potential of particles and molecules in a sample. The instrument uses laser light to measure the Brownian motion of the particles, which is then used to calculate their size and zeta potential.

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5 740 protocols using zetasizer nano z

Nanoparticle Characterization: Size and Zeta Potential

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The size and zeta potential of all nanoparticle sets (culture media/seawater and pristine/weathered) were characterized using a Malvern Zetasizer (Zetasizer NanoZS, Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK)) as described in [39 (link)]. Briefly, measurements were performed by transferring 1 mL of nanoparticle working solutions to spectrophotometer cuvettes (for size) or folded capillary cells (for zeta potential).
Electrophoretic mobility was measured by laser doppler micro-electrophoresis at 25 °C, three times with 10 to 100 sub-runs (Zetasizer NanoZS, Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK) and the zeta potential was calculated by Zetasizer NanoZS v 3.30 software. Results from the nanosizer were adjusted to consider refractive index and viscosity according to the methods of [41 (link)].

Jimeno-Romero A., Gwinner F., Müller M., Mariussen E., Soto M, & Kohl Y. (2021). Sea Bass Primary Cultures versus RTgill-W1 Cell Line: Influence of Cell Model on the Sensitivity to Nanoparticles. Nanomaterials, 11(11), 3136.

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Nanoparticle Characterization by DLS

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Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), the NC prepared since already in a dispersed phase initially, the samples were diluted with the prepared liquid during the process of synthesis and observed for DLS measurement of NC in triplicate at 25 °C using Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS. The NP size polydispersity was expressed in Polydispersity Index (PDI). The zeta potential or surface charge analysis of the NC was carried out using Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS at 25 °C. The results were obtained based on direction and velocity of particles under the influence of electric field.

Sobhana S., Sarathy N.P., Karthikeyan L., Shanthi K, & Vivek R. (2023). Ultra-small NIR-Responsive Nanotheranostic Agent for Targeted Photothermal Ablation Induced Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (DAMPs) from Post-PTT of Tumor Cells Activate Immunogenic Cell Death. Nanotheranostics, 7(1), 41-60.

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Hydrodynamic Size and Zeta Potential Analysis

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Hydrodynamic Size of the Particles. Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK) determined the particle size at 293 K. The source of laser radiation was a He-Ne gas laser with a power of 4 mW power (λ_operating = 633 nm). The collected signals were treated in terms of frequency and phase analysis of scattered light using software attached to the device. All measurements were carried out at a 173° scattering angle. Deionized water with resistivity > 18.0 MΩ cm (Millipore-Q) was used for the preparation of the solutions. Synthesized p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arenes 3–5 were dissolved in water at concentrations used in research (from 3 × 10⁻⁶ M to 3 × 10⁻⁴ M).
Electrokinetic Potentials. Electrokinetic (ζ) potentials were determined by electrophoretic light scattering on the Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, Worcestershire, UK). Samples were prepared for the DLS measurements and transferred with the syringe to the disposable folded capillary cell for measurement. The ζ potentials were measured using the Malvern M3-PALS method and averaged from five measurements.

Yakimova L., Kunafina A., Nugmanova A., Padnya P., Voloshina A., Petrov K, & Stoikov I. (2022). Structure–Activity Relationship of the Thiacalix[4]arenes Family with Sulfobetaine Fragments: Self-Assembly and Cytotoxic Effect against Cancer Cell Lines. Molecules, 27(4), 1364.

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Characterization of CAD Nanocarriers

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The ¹H NMR spectra of CAD, FA-NH₂ were recorded
on Bruker 500 NMR spectrometers (Bruker, Billerica, MA, U.S.A.). Mass
spectra were recorded for CAD on a Bruker Daltonics microTOF-Q mass
spectrometer (Bruker, Billerica, MA, U.S.A.). In addition, the FTIR
spectra of CAD, CAD@ZIF-8, and CAD@ZIF-8-FA were recorded on a Thermo
Scientific Nicolet iS50 Fourier transform infrared spectrometer in
the wavenumber of 400–4000 cm^–1. Particle
sizing was performed using dynamic light scattering with Zetasizer
Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments Ltd., U.K.). For each measurement, the
sample (1.0 mL) was put in a disposable polystyrene cuvette (SARSTEDT
AG & Co., Germany). The nanocarrier surface ζ-potential
was measured with Zetasizer Nano ZS by using disposable folded capillary
cells (DTS1070, Malvern, U.K.). Both the size and ζ-potential
were recorded as the average of three measurements. The structure
of the blank ZIF-8, CAD@ZIF-8, and CAD@ZIF-8-FA were evaluated by
transmission electron microscope (TEM; JEOL 1400 Plus, JEOL, U.S.A.)
at an acceleration voltage of 80 kV. The TEM samples were prepared
by using a tweezer to hold the carbon-coated copper grids (200 mesh;
Ted Pella, Inc., U.S.A.) and soaking them within the particle solution;
they were then removed and dried in the air prior to imaging.

Yan J., Liu C., Wu Q., Zhou J., Xu X., Zhang L., Wang D., Yang F, & Zhang H. (2020). Mineralization of pH-Sensitive Doxorubicin Prodrug in ZIF-8 to Enable Targeted Delivery to Solid Tumors. Analytical Chemistry, 92(16), 11453-11461.

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Nanoparticle Characterization by DLS and NTA

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Particle size distribution and polydispersity index (PDI) of all nanoparticle suspensions before and after lyophilization were determined in triplicates by dynamic light scattering at a backscattering angle of 173° using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK). Furthermore, the zeta potential of all particle suspensions was determined also using a Zetasizer Nano ZS, (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK). An automatic selection for the number of runs was chosen. Lyophilized nanoparticles were suspended in the same volume of purified water as before lyophilization. The particle concentration of all suspensions was adjusted by dilution with 0.5% PVA solution to 0.3 mg/mL nanoparticles to ensure the comparability of the results. Additionally, the particle size of PLGA/BrijS20 nanoparticles and PLGA/BrijS20-amine-FA-conjugate nanoparticles was determined by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) using a NanoSight NS500 (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK) (Supplementary Material).

Anzengruber M., Nepustil L.M., Kurtaj F., Tahir A., Skoll K., Sami H., Wirth M, & Gabor F. (2023). A Versatile Brij-Linker for One-Step Preparation of Targeted Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics, 15(5), 1403.

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Isolation and Characterization of Exosomes

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To exclude nanovesicles contamination in the cell culture medium, FBS was centrifuged at 100,000 x g overnight at 4 ºC, and the supernatant was collected. To isolate exosomes from the cell culture medium, 1x10⁷ of 4T1 cells were grown in 10 mL of DMEM supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated nanovesicle-depleted FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 μg/mL streptomycin at 37 ºC in 5% CO₂ for 48 h. The medium was collected and centrifuged at 1,000 x g for 10 min, 2,000 x g for 20 min, 4,000 for 30 min and 10,000 x g for 1 h with supernatant retained each time. The exosomes were collected by centrifuging the samples at 100,000 x g for at least 2 h at 4 °C and further purified on a sucrose gradient (8, 30, 45 and 60% sucrose in 20 mM Hepes, 20 mM Tris-Cl, pH 7.2). Size distribution and concentration of exosomes were analyzed using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instrument, UK) and NanoSight NS300 (Westborough, MA) with flow speed at 0.03 mL per min. The isolated exosomes were further purified on a sucrose gradient (8, 30, 45, and 60% sucrose in 20 mM Tri-Cl, pH 7.2) followed by centrifugation at 100,000 x g for 1.5 h at 4 ºC. Purified exosomes were fixed and imaged under a Zeiss EM 900 electron microscope using a method as described. Size distribution of exosomes was analyzed at a flow rate of 0.03 mL per min using a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instrument, UK).

Qiu X., Li Z., Han X., Zhen L., Luo C., Liu M., Yu K, & Ren Y. (2019). Tumor-derived nanovesicles promote lung distribution of the therapeutic nanovector through repression of Kupffer cell-mediated phagocytosis. Theranostics, 9(9), 2618-2636.

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Preparation and Characterization of Fucosylated Chitosan Nanoparticles

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TMC was synthesized from chitosan via a two-step methylation procedure as described previously [25] (link). Positively charged FUC-TMC NPs were prepared using the PEC method, as previously reported [34] (link). Briefly, the FUC solution (4 mg/mL) was added dropwise into the TMC solution (4 mg/mL) at a mass ratio (FUC/TMC) of 0.6, and then stirred at 28 °C for 5 min. The particle size was characterized by photon correlation spectroscopy (Zetasizer Nano-ZS; Malvern Instruments, UK). All measurements were performed at a wavelength of 633 nm at 28 °C with a detection angle of 173°. The raw data were correlated to the mean hydrodynamic size by cumulant analysis (Z-average mean). The zeta potentials of all NPs were analyzed via laser Doppler velocimetry (Zetasizer Nano-ZS; Malvern Instruments, UK). NP morphology was examined using a Hitachi HT-7700 transmission electron microscope (Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan). TEM samples were prepared as follows: one drop of FUC-TMC NP suspension (resuspended in water from the pellet after centrifugation) was deposited on a 200-mesh Formvar/carbon-coated copper grid, and the excess solution was removed by wicking it with filter paper to avoid particle aggregation. Samples were stained with 2% phosphotungstic acid and dried at 28 °C.

Lin H.T., Chen C.C., Chiao D.J., Chang T.Y., Chen X.A., Young J.J, & Kuo S.C. (2021). Nanoparticular CpG-adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 S1 protein elicits broadly neutralizing and Th1-biased immunoreactivity in mice. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 193, 1885-1897.

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Nanoparticle Characterization by DLS and Zeta

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DLS measurements were carried using a Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK, equipped with a HeNe 633 nm laser. The scattered laser beams were measured at the angle of 175° and the data were recorded by Malvern Zetasizer software 7.11. The samples were diluted in dH₂O (1:1 v/v) and the measurements were conducted in plastic cuvettes at 25 °C.
The nanoparticles surface charge (zeta potential) was obtained using a Zetasizer Nano ZS, Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK. The samples were diluted in dH₂O (1:1 v/v) and the measurements were conducted in disposable folded capillary zeta cells (Malvern) and performed 3 times, with 100 runs each time.

Emamzadeh M, & Pasparakis G. (2021). Polymer coated gold nanoshells for combinational photochemotherapy of pancreatic cancer with gemcitabine. Scientific Reports, 11, 9404.

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Characterization of Nanoparticle Dispersions

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The DLS measurements were carried out with a Zetasizer Nano ZS from Malvern Instruments at 25 °C using a wavelength of 633 nm. The uncoated cores were dispersed in cyclohexane, and the silica-coated particles were dispersed in ethanol and filtered with a sterile syringe filter (pore size: 0.2 µm; materials: nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) for particles dispersed in cyclohexane and nylon or regenerated cellulose for particles dispersed in ethanol, Rotilab). Zeta potential measurements of the aqueous dispersions were carried out with a Zetasizer Nano ZS in capillary zeta cells DTS 1070 from Malvern Instruments. The concentration of the samples in all measurements was between 0.5 and 1 mg/mL.

Kembuan C., Saleh M., Rühle B., Resch-Genger U, & Graf C. (2019). Coating of upconversion nanoparticles with silica nanoshells of 5–250 nm thickness. Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology, 10, 2410-2421.

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Optimizing Nanolipid Carrier Formulations

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Average particle sizes of different formulations of NLCs were determined by a dynamic light scattering (DLS) method using Data Transfer Assistance (DTA) software by Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Zetasizer Nano ZS; Malvern Instrument, Malvern, UK) at 25°C. The range of the analyzer was 0.02 nm to 2 μm. The PDI is an index of width or spread or variation within the particle size distribution. It was measured for different formulations by DLS instrument.43
PDI can be calculated by the following equation:

PDI = \frac{D_{90} - D_{10}}{D_{50}}

where D₉₀, D₅₀, and D₁₀ are particle diameter determined at 90th, 50th, and 10th percentile of undesired particles, respectively.
Zeta potential was measured by Zetasizernano ZS (Malvern Instrument). It is measured as charge of a potential that moves as suspension placed between two electrodes that have DC voltage across them, and the velocity will be proportional to the zeta potential of the particle.44

Chakraborty S., Kar N., Kumari L., De A, & Bera T. (2017). Inhibitory effect of a new orally active cedrol-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier on compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation and anaphylactic shock in mice. International Journal of Nanomedicine, 12, 4849-4868.

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