Dba 1 j mice

Forty male DBA/1 J mice (7‐week‐old) were obtained from GemPharmatech and kept under the specific pathogen‐free condition. The animal studies were approved by the First Hospital of Qiqihar.
The CIA mouse model was constructed as previously described.²¹ In brief, the CIA model was induced by type II collagen combined with Freund's incomplete adjuvant. Type II collagen was dissolved in 0.05 M acetic acid. On Day 1, emulsification was performed by mixing with an equal volume of Freund's complete adjuvant. On Day 21, Freund's incomplete adjuvant alone was injected to boost the immune response. Mice were placed in a restrainer and the tails were sanitized with 75% alcohol swabs. Then the injection was carried out at the site of one third of the way down the tail.
A total of 32 mice with a group of eight mice were assigned. In the GA group, the CIA mice were administrated with GA (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg/d, corresponding to GAL, GAM, and GAH) from Days 21 to 42. GA (purity ≥ 98%) was obtained from Sigma Chemical Co and was dissolved in the phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) buffer. The doses were selected according to a previous study. In the CIA group, the mice were administrated with PBS daily at the same volume. In addition, another eight DBA/1J mice at the same age were assigned to the control group and administrated with PBS daily.

Male C57BL/6J and DBA/1J mice aged 6-8 weeks were obtained from GemPharmatech (CHN). All animal studies were performed at the Experimental Animal Center of the Southern University of Science and Technology. This facility guarantees a controlled environment free from pathogens, offers unrestricted access to food and water, maintains a consistent temperature of 22 °C, and follows a 12-h light/dark cycle. The study’s methods were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUC) at Southern University of Science and Technology, guaranteeing adherence to recognized animal care criteria.